Dental arch effects after early and later timed cervical headgear treatment—a randomized controlled trial

Summary Background Cervical headgear (CH) is a commonly used orthodontic appliance and its dentoalveolar changes are known. However, the effects related to gender and timing have gained less attention. Objectives To examine dimensions of dental arches among children with Class II occlusion without posterior mandibular rotation according to timing of Kloehn-type CH treatment. Trial design Prospective, randomized, parallel-group controlled trial. Methods Sixty-seven seven-year-old children with a Class II occlusion were included in the study. The children were randomized into two equal-size groups in 1:1 ratio by sealed-envelope randomization. The early group (EG, n = 33) was treated between T0 and T1 (26 months), right after eruption of the first maxillary molars. The late group (LG, n = 34) was treated between T1 and T2 (24 months). The children were treated with CH until normal Class I occlusion on first molars was achieved. Impressions for dental casts were taken from all participants at T0, T1, and T2. Blinding was applicable for outcome assessors. Changes in dental cast measurements were compared between the groups and genders using t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and repeated measures analysis of variance. Results Of the children, 56 completed the study. The maxillary arch length and the transversal changes between the upper canines and upper first molars were significantly increased in EG at T0−T1 (P < 0.001). At T2, the transversal dimension between the upper first molars was larger (P < 0.05), and in the lower arch the mandibular arch length (P < 0.05) and the transversal dimension between the lower first molars (P < 0.01) were increased in EG males compared to LG males. No harms were encountered. Conclusions The male gender benefits most from early timing of the CH treatment, showing larger dimensions at the end of the follow-up. The results clearly indicated a wider and longer upper dental arch and spontaneous expansion of the lower dental arch after treatment. Clinical Registration NCT02010346.

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Asymmetric dental arch treatment with Forsus fatigue appliances: Long-term results

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/092718-697.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 89 (5) ◽

pp. 688-696 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mehmet Akın ◽

Emire Aybuke Erdur ◽

Onur Öztürk

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Class Ii ◽

Long Term Results ◽

Dental Arch ◽

Retention Period ◽

Repeated Measures Analysis ◽

Dental Models ◽

Digital Dental Models

ABSTRACT Objectives: To investigate the treatment efficacy and follow-up stability of the asymmetric Forsus appliance by evaluating longitudinal changes in dental arch asymmetry on digital dental models from 21 patients. Materials and Methods: Maxillary and mandibular reference lines were used for measurements of intra-arch asymmetry at pretreatment (T1), posttreatment (T2), and 4.2 years after treatment (T3). Maxillary and mandibular measurements were performed relative to the dental midline and anterior reference line on digital dental models. To determine the amount of asymmetry between the Class I and Class II sides of a given arch, all maxillary and mandibular parameters were measured on each side of the model separately. Repeated-measures analysis of variance/paired sample t-tests were performed to evaluate dental arch asymmetries at the P < .05 level. Results: The alveolar transverse dimensions of the posterior segment of both arches were increased during treatment (P < .05) and remained stable during the retention period. Class II subdivision malocclusion was caused by distal positioning of the mandibular canine, premolars, and first molar on the Class II side (P < .05). Asymmetry was resolved by treatment with asymmetric Forsus appliances. The resolved asymmetry remained stable over the long term. There were no significant differences between T2 and T3 (P > .05). Conclusions: The asymmetric Forsus appliance can be used to treat dental arch asymmetry in patients with Class II subdivision malocclusions.

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Effect of Plyometric Training on Speed and Change of Direction Ability in Elite Field Hockey Players

10.20944/preprints201810.0233.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jasdev Singh ◽

Brendyn B Appleby ◽

Andrew P Lavender

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Plyometric Training ◽

Field Hockey ◽

Performance Variables ◽

Change Of Direction ◽

Jump Exercise ◽

Parallel Group ◽

Repeated Measures Analysis ◽

Hockey Players

This study investigated the effects of two plyometric training protocols on sprint and change of direction (COD) performance in elite hockey players. A parallel-group randomized controlled trial design was used and seventeen elite male and female field hockey players were randomly allocated into either low-to-high (L-H, n = 8) or high-to-low (H-L, n = 9) training groups. Each group performed separate variations of the drop jump exercise twice weekly for six weeks, with an emphasis on either jump height (L-H) or drop height (H-L). Performance variables assessed included sprint times over 10 m and 20 m, as well as 505 time. A two-way repeated measures analysis of variance was performed and Cohen’s d effect sizes were calculated. The H-L group displayed significant small ES improvement from baseline to post-training in the 10 m sprint (1.893 ± 0.08 s pre vs 1.851 ± 0.06 s post) (ES = −0.44) (P = <0.05). Small but not statistically significant differences between groups were observed for 10 m and 20 m sprint performance, and no significant differences were observed within or between groups for 505 time. These findings highlight the difficulty in substantially enhancing speed and COD ability in highly trained athletic populations through the addition of a low volume, short duration plyometric training protocol.

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Comparison of Two Novel Methods for Sink Drain Disinfection

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology ◽

10.1017/ice.2020.712 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. s180-s180

Author(s):

Muhammed Fawwaz Haq ◽

Lucas Jones ◽

Natalia Pinto Herrera ◽

Jennifer Cadnum ◽

Philip Carling ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Contact Time ◽

Healthcare Facility ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Disinfection Methods ◽

Initial Reduction ◽

Repeated Measures Analysis ◽

Potential Reservoir ◽

Cleaning And Disinfection

Background: Sink drainage systems are a potential reservoir for the dissemination of gram-negative bacilli but are not amenable to standard methods of cleaning and disinfection. Pouring liquid disinfectants down drains has only a limited and transient effect on drain colonization, presumably due to inadequate disinfectant contact time and suboptimal penetration into areas harboring biofilm-associated organisms. Methods: We compared the antimicrobial efficacy of 2 novel sink disinfection methods intended to enhance disinfectant contact time and penetration. Healthcare facility sinks were randomly assigned to disinfection with 300 mL hydrogen peroxide-based disinfectant applied either as a foam (N = 13 sinks) or instilled for 30 minutes behind a temporary obstruction created by an inflated urinary catheter balloon (N = 12 sinks). Swabs were used to collect quantitative cultures from the proximal sink drain to depth of 2.5 cm (1 inch) below the strainer before treatment and at 15 minutes and 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 days after treatment. Repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to compare the efficacy of the 2 treatments. Results: As shown in Fig. 1, both methods yielded an initial reduction of >3 log10 CFU of gram-negative bacilli. Over the 7-day follow-up period, disinfectant instillation resulted in significantly greater reduction than the foam application (P < .01). Recovery of sink colonization to >2 log per swab occurred at day 3 for both treatments, whereas recovery to >3 log per swab occurred on day 3 for the foam treatment versus day 7 for disinfectant instillation. Conclusions: Two novel disinfection methods were effective in reducing sink drain colonization for several days. The instillation method was more effective than the foam method in maintaining reductions over 7 days.Funding: NoneDisclosures: NoneDisclosures: NoneFunding: None

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Tinospora cordifolia Enhances Vyadhikshamatwa (immunity) in Children

The Journal of Phytopharmacology ◽

10.31254/phyto.2015.4408 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 227-230

Author(s):

Devasya Narayana Sharma ◽

◽

Ajitha Sharma ◽

◽

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Study Drug ◽

Absolute Lymphocyte Count ◽

Tinospora Cordifolia ◽

Total Leucocyte Count ◽

Traditional Medicines ◽

Repeated Measures Analysis ◽

Increased Risk

Background: The immune system in children is constantly developing and they are at an increased risk of infections. It is vital to help enhance immunity by vaccination but more people are turning towards traditional medicines today. The vast flora of the world offers newer options to this effect and is worth exploring. Tinospora cordifolia (Guduchi) is one such plant which has been traditionally used for various health conditions and is also proven to be an immunomodulator. Objective: To evaluate the role of Tinospora cordifolia in status of Vyadhikshamatwa (immunity) in children. Materials and Methods: An open-labelled, placebo-controlled, randomized controlled trial was conducted in 400 children aged 1-15 years, with 200 each in control and test groups. Study drug and placebo were administered orally at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight twice daily with honey for 2 months. Response was assessed by total leucocyte count (TLC), lymphocyte percentage and absolute lymphocyte count (ALC). Results were analysed statistically using repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for intra-group comparisons and unpaired t-test for intergroup comparisons using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 20.0. Results: The test drug showed statistically significant increase in TLC (P<0.001), ALC (P<0.001) and lymphocyte percentage (P<0.001) as compared to placebo. Also the rate of infections in the trial group were significantly lesser during the study period (P<0.001). Conclusion: Tinospora cordifolia significantly improves immunity in children and can be used as an adjuvant to vaccination.

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Dentoskeletal Class II Malocclusion: Maxillary Molar Distalization with No-Compliance Fixed Orthodontic Equipment

Dentistry Journal ◽

10.3390/dj8010026 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 26

Author(s):

Vincenzo Quinzi ◽

Enrico Marchetti ◽

Luigi Guerriero ◽

Floriana Bosco ◽

Giuseppe Marzo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Final Analysis ◽

Class Ii ◽

Dental Arch ◽

Class Ii Malocclusion ◽

Exclusion Criteria ◽

Molar Distalization ◽

Maxillary Molars ◽

Maxillary Molar ◽

Orthodontic Devices

Dentoskeletal class II malocclusion due to a protruded upper dental arch is a major reason for an orthodontic treatment. In these cases, the correction of class II can be hindered by molar distalization, obtained with ‘no-compliance therapy’ that involves the use of appliances which minimize the need for such co-operation and attempt to maximize the predictability of results. The aim of this review was to outline the effectiveness of no-compliance fixed orthodontic devices in the molar distalization. After selection according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria, 16 articles from 2000 to 2019 were qualified for the final analysis. The literature shows various no-compliance fixed devices whose effect is to distalize the maxillary molars. The present revision allows to conclude that there is a need to increase the number of studies, especially with regard to the most recently introduced devices in the literature. The analysed studies allow to hypothesize that these appliances act with a minimal variability of molar distalization and disto-inclination among them, although different effects among the appliances can be observed as regards to the anchorage.

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Robot-assisted gait training to reduce pusher behavior

Neurology ◽

10.1212/wnl.0000000000006276 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 91 (14) ◽

pp. e1319-e1327 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jeannine Bergmann ◽

Carmen Krewer ◽

Klaus Jahn ◽

Friedemann Müller

Keyword(s):

Controlled Trial ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Gait Training ◽

Class Ii ◽

Control Group ◽

Robot Assisted ◽

Post Intervention ◽

Subacute Stroke ◽

Post Test

ObjectiveTo determine the effects of 2 weeks of intensive robot-assisted gait training (RAGT) on pusher behavior compared to nonrobotic physiotherapy (nR-PT).MethodsIn a single-blind, randomized, controlled trial with 2 parallel arms, we compared 2 weeks of daily RAGT (intervention group) with the same amount of nR-PT (control group). Patients with subacute stroke who had pusher behavior according to the Scale for Contraversive Pushing (SCP) were included. The primary research questions were whether changes in pusher behavior would differ between groups post intervention, and at a follow-up 2 weeks afterward (SCP and Burke Lateropulsion Scale, Class II evidence). Secondary outcomes included the Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment, the Functional Ambulation Classification, and the Subjective Visual Vertical.ResultsThirty-eight patients were randomized. Thereof, 30 patients received the allocated intervention and were included in the analyses. RAGT led to a larger reduction of pusher behavior than nR-PT at post test (SCP: U = 69.00, r = −0.33, p = 0.037; Burke Lateropulsion Scale: U = 47.500, r = −0.50, p = 0.003) and at follow-up (SCP: U = 54.00, r = −0.44, p = 0.008). Pusher behavior had ceased in 6 of 15 participants in the intervention group and 1 of 15 participants in the control group at post test. At follow-up, 9 of 15 and 5 of 15 participants, respectively, no longer exhibited the behavior.ConclusionsTwo weeks of RAGT seems to persistently reduce pusher behavior, possibly by recalibrating the disturbed inner reference of verticality. The potential benefits of RAGT on pusher behavior and verticality perception require further investigation.Trial registrationGerman Clinical Trials Register (registration number: DRKS00003444).Classification of evidenceThis study provides Class II evidence that RAGT is beneficial to reduce pusher behavior in patients with stroke.

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Progress of negative symptoms over the initial 5 years of a first episode of psychosis

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s003329171800048x ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 66-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Danyael Lutgens ◽

Ridha Joober ◽

Srividya Iyer ◽

Martin Lepage ◽

Ross Norman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Negative Symptoms ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Additional Benefit ◽

First Episode ◽

Systematic Assessment ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Regular Care ◽

Repeated Measures Analysis ◽

Extension Period

AbstractBackgroundSpecialized early intervention (EI) following a first episode of psychosis (FEP) are effective at reducing negative symptoms, although its trajectory warrants systematic assessment. However, findings are equivocal as to whether extended gains are made post 2 years of EI and whether there is additional benefit of extending EI for an additional 3 years.MethodsData on 178 FEP patients, from a randomized controlled trial of a 3-year extension of EI service v. transfer to regular care following 2 years of EI service, were used for this report. Repeated measures analysis of variance were conducted separately for the initial 2 years of treatment in an EI service, and for the 3-year post-randomization to examine trajectories of negative symptoms over the two periods in the two arms of the study.ResultsThere were significant improvements in total negative symptoms over the first 2 years of EI F(4.612, 797.905) = 25.263, p < 0.001 and in domains of ‘expressivity’ and ‘motivation’. In the following 3 years, there were further significant improvements in negative symptoms F(4.318, 759.908) = 4.182, p = 0.002 with no difference between groups F(4.318, 759.908) = 1.073, p = 0.371. Changes in negative symptoms over the extension period were driven by expressivity F(4.01, 674.73) = 7.19, p < 0.01, but not motivation F(6.58, 1112.18) = 0.95, p = 0.46.ConclusionNegative symptoms improve significantly over the first 2 years of EI. Subsequent amelioration was largely the result of expressivity. Motivation deficits remained stable. Extended EI offered no advantage over regular care post-randomization.

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Imagery rescripting in non-clinical paranoia: a pilot study of the impact on key cognitive and affective processes

Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy ◽

10.1017/s1352465819000419 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 54-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Katherine Newman-Taylor ◽

Pamela McSherry ◽

Lusia Stopa

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Evidence Base ◽

Traumatic Memories ◽

Repeated Measures Design ◽

Affective Processes ◽

Imagery Rescripting ◽

The Impact ◽

Memory Characteristics

AbstractBackground:Paranoia is often accompanied by distressing intrusions associated with traumatic memories, yet one of the best-evidenced interventions, imagery rescripting (IR), is not routinely offered. This is likely to be due to poor understanding of the effects of IR on postulated mechanisms of change as well as the absence of a robust evidence base.Aims:This study aimed to establish proof of principle that IR impacts key cognitive-affective processes associated with distressing intrusions – memory characteristics and self-representations – and level of paranoia.Method:We used a within-subject repeated measures design to examine the effect of single-session IR on memory characteristics (level of intrusions, vividness, distress, encapsulated belief strength, emotion intensity and frequency), self-representation variables, affect and paranoia. Fifteen participants were seen once before and once after the IR session, to gather baseline and follow-up data.Results:As predicted, participants reported reductions in memory characteristics, improved self-esteem and positive affect, and reduced negative affect and paranoia, with large effect sizes. These effects were maintained at follow-up.Conclusions:While a within-subject design is useful for initial exploration of novel interventions, controlled studies are needed to determine causality. This is the first study to examine mechanisms of IR in paranoia. A controlled trial is now warranted.

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The role of bone marrow edema on autologous matrix induced chondrogenesis for the treatment of osteochondral lesions of the talus

Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics ◽

10.1177/2473011417s000151 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 2473011417S0001

Author(s):

Riccardo D’Ambrosi ◽

Camilla Maccario ◽

Federico Giuseppe Usuelli

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Bone Marrow Edema ◽

Lesion Size ◽

Osteochondral Lesions ◽

Significant Difference ◽

T1 And T2 ◽

Marrow Edema

Category: Ankle, Arthroscopy, Basic Sciences/Biologics Introduction/Purpose: to assess the functional and radiological outcomes after AT-AMIC® (arthroscopic talus autologous matrix induced chondrogenesis) in 2 groups: patients with and without bone marrow edema (BME). Methods: Thirty-seven patients of which 24 without edema (GNE) and 13 with edema (GE) were evaluated. All patients were treated with AT-AMIC® repair for osteochondral talar lesion. MRI and CT-scan evaluations, as well as clinical evaluations measured by the VAS score for pain, AOFAS and SF-12 were performed preoperatively (T0) and at 6 (T1), 12 (T2), and 24 (T3) months postoperatively. Results: GNE consisted of 24 patients while GE consisted of 13 patients. In both groups we found a significant difference for clinical and radiological parameters with ANOVA for repeated measures through four time points(p<0.001). In GNE, AOFAS improved significantly at each follow-up(p<0.05); while CT and MRI showed a significant decrease between T1 and T2 and T2 and T3(p<0.05). In GE, AOFAS improved significantly between T0 and T1 and T2 and T3(p<0.05); CT decreased between T1 and T2(p<0.05), while MRI showed a reduction at each follow-up(p<0.05). Lesion size was significantly higher both in MRI and CT in GE in respect to GNE(p<0.05). In the GNE no patients presented edema at T3, while in GE only 23.08% of the patients presented edema at T3. Conclusion: The study revealed that osteochondral lesions of the talus were characterized by bigger size both in MRI and CT in patients with edema. We conclude that AT-AMIC® can be considered a safe and reliable procedure that allows effective healing, regardless of edema and more than half of patients did not present edema six months after surgery.

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A Brief Body-Mind-Spirit Group Therapy for Chinese Medicine Stagnation Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2018/8153637 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Siu-man Ng ◽

Lingli Leng ◽

Rainbow T. H. Ho ◽

Zhangjin Zhang ◽

Qi Wang

Keyword(s):

Group Therapy ◽

Effect Size ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Eta Squared ◽

Physical Distress

Background. Stagnation syndrome, a diagnostic entity in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is characterized by mind-body obstruction-like symptoms. Although TCM has long-established symptom-relief treatments, a comprehensive mind-body intervention was called for. Purpose. The study evaluated the efficacy of a six-session body-mind-spirit (BMS) group therapy for persons with stagnation syndrome. Method. A 2-arm randomized controlled trial design was adopted. The control group received a parallel general TCM instruction course. Both groups completed a pretest (T0), posttest (T1), and 2-month follow-up assessment (T2). The measures included self-report scales on stagnation, depression, anxiety, physical distress, daily functioning, and positive and negative affect; the other measure was of salivary cortisol, a biological marker of stress. Results. Data on 111 adults with stagnation syndrome were included in the analysis. Completion rates were high (over 87%) for both the intervention and control groups. Repeated-measures multivariate MANOVA revealed a significant combined effect with large effect size (eta-squared = 0.42). Repeated-measures ANOVA further revealed that the intervention group showed significant improvements in stagnation, the primary outcome, with medium effect size (eta-squared = 0.11). The intervention group also showed significant improvements in depression, physical distress, everyday functioning, and negative affect (eta-squared = 0.06 to 0.13). Post hoc analysis revealed that the intervention group showed significant improvements over the control group in cortisol level at 2-month follow-up assessment (T0 versus T2) with small effect size (eta-squared = 0.05), but not at posttest (T0 versus T1). Conclusions. Overall, the findings indicate that our brief BMS group therapy intervention for stagnation syndrome is efficacious. Moreover, the intervention resulted in a number of substantial improvements in the physical and mental health domains.

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