Efficacy of relatively low-cost ultraviolet-C light devices against Candida auris

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Basya S. Pearlmutter ◽  
Muhammed F. Haq ◽  
Jennifer L. Cadnum ◽  
Annette L. Jencson ◽  
Matthew Carlisle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Colorimetric Indicator ◽  
Ultraviolet C ◽  
American Society ◽  
Carrier Test ◽  
Uv C

Abstract Background: Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) light devices could be useful to reduce environmental contamination with Candida auris. However, variable susceptibility of C. auris strains to UV-C has been reported, and the high cost of many devices limits their use in resource-limited settings. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of relatively low-cost (<$15,000 purchase price) UV-C devices against C. auris strains from the 4 major phylogenetic clades. Methods: A modification of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard quantitative disk carrier test method (ASTM E 2197) was used to examine and compare the effectiveness of UV-C devices against C. auris, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and bacteriophage Phi6. Reductions of 3 log10 were considered effective. UV-C irradiance measurements and colorimetric indicators were used to assess UV-C output. Results: Of 8 relatively low-cost UV-C devices, 6 met the criteria for effective decontamination of C. auris isolates from clades I and II, MRSA, and bacteriophage Phi6, including 3 room decontamination devices and 3 UV-C box devices. Candida auris isolates from clades III and IV were less susceptible to UV-C than clade I and II isolates; 1 relatively low-cost room decontamination device and 2 enclosed box devices met the criteria for effective decontamination of clade III and IV isolates. UV-C irradiance measurements and colorimetric indicator results were consistent with microorganism reductions. Conclusions: Some relatively low-cost UV-C light technologies are effective against C. auris, including isolates from clades III and IV with reduced UV-C susceptibility. Studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of UV-C devices in clinical settings.

Terminal Decontamination of Patient Rooms Using an Automated Mobile UV Light Unit

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 737-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Boyce ◽  
Nancy L. Havill ◽  
Brent A. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Uv Light ◽  
Patient Discharge ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Cycle Times ◽  
Ozone Concentrations ◽  
Environmental Surfaces ◽  
Before And After ◽  
American Society ◽  
Carrier Test ◽  
Uv C

Objective.To determine the ability of a mobile UV light unit to reduce bacterial contamination of environmental surfaces in patient rooms.Methods.An automated mobile UV light unit that emits UV-C light was placed in 25 patient rooms after patient discharge and operated using a 1- or 2-stage procedure. Aerobic colony counts were calculated for each of 5 standardized high-touch surfaces in the rooms before and after UV light decontamination (UVLD). Clostridium difficile spore log reductions achieved were determined using a modification of the ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) International E2197 quantitative disk carrier test method. In-room ozone concentrations during UVLD were measured.Results.For the 1-stage procedure, mean aerobic colony counts for the 5 high-touch surfaces ranged from 10.6 to 98.2 colony-forming units (CFUs) per Dey/Engley (D/E) plate before UVLD and from 0.3 to 24.0 CFUs per D/E plate after UVLD, with significant reductions for all 5 surfaces (all P<.02). Surfaces in direct line of sight were significantly more likely to yield negative culture results after UVLD than before UVLD (all P<.001). Mean C. difficile spore log reductions ranged from 1.8 to 2.9. UVLD cycle times ranged from 34.2 to 100.1 minutes. For the 2-stage procedure, mean aerobic colony counts ranged from 10.0 to 89.2 CFUs per D/E plate before UVLD and were 0 CFUs per D/E plate after UVLD, with significant reductions for all 5 high-touch surfaces. UVLD cycle times ranged from 72.1 to 146.3 minutes. In-room ozone concentrations during UVLD ranged from undetectable to 0.012 ppm.Conclusions.The mobile UV-C light unit significantly reduced aerobic colony counts and C. difficile spores on contaminated surfaces in patient rooms.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Ultraviolet-C Light and a High-Level Disinfection Cabinet for Decontamination of N95 Respirators

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Cadnum ◽  
Daniel Li ◽  
Sarah N. Redmond ◽  
Amrita R. John ◽  
Basya Pearlmutter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Dry Heat ◽  
Ultraviolet C ◽  
Multiple Cycles ◽  
American Society ◽  
High Level ◽  
N95 Respirators ◽  
Uv C ◽  
Disk Test

Background-Shortages of personal protective equipment (PPE) including N95 filtering facepiece respirators is an urgent concern in the setting of the global COVID-19 pandemic.  Decontamination of PPE could be useful to maintain adequate supplies, but there is uncertainty regarding the efficacy of decontamination technologies.Methods-A modification of the American Society for Testing and Materials standard quantitative carrier disk test method (ASTM E-2197-11) was used to examine the effectiveness of ultraviolet-C (UV-C) light, a high-level disinfection cabinet that generates aerosolized peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide, and dry heat at 70°C for 30 minutes for decontamination of bacteriophages Phi6 and MS2 and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) inoculated onto 3 commercial N95 respirators.  Three and 6 log10 reductions on N95 respirators were considered effective for decontamination and disinfection, respectively. Results-UV-C administered as a 1-minute cycle in a UV-C box or a 30-minute cycle by a room decontamination device reduced contamination but did not meet criteria for decontamination of the viruses from all sites for any of the N95s.  The high-level disinfection cabinet was effective for decontamination of all the organisms from the N95s and achieved disinfection with 3 disinfection cycles over ~60 minutes.  Dry heat at 70°C for 30 minutes was not effective for decontamination of the bacteriophages.  Conclusions-UV-C could be useful to reduce contamination on N95 respirators.  However, the UV-C technologies studied did not meet our criteria for decontamination under the test conditions used.  The high-level disinfection cabinet was effective for decontamination of N95s and met criteria for disinfection with multiple cycles.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Ultraviolet-C Light for Rapid Decontamination of Airport Security Bins in the Era of SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Cadnum ◽  
Daniel F. Li ◽  
Lucas D. Jones ◽  
Sarah N. Redmond ◽  
Basya Pearlmutter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Virus ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Airport Security ◽  
Dna Viruses ◽  
Bacteriophage Ms2 ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Ultraviolet C ◽  
American Society ◽  
Uv C ◽  
Rna And Dna

Background:  Contaminated surfaces are a potential source for spread of respiratory viruses including SARS-CoV-2.  Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) light is effective against RNA and DNA viruses and could be useful for decontamination of high-touch fomites that are shared by multiple users. Methods:  A modification of the American Society for Testing and Materials standard quantitative carrier disk test method (ASTM E-2197-11) was used to examine the effectiveness of ultraviolet-C (UV-C) light for rapid decontamination of plastic airport security bins inoculated at 3 sites with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and bacteriophages MS2, PhiX174, and Phi6, an enveloped RNA virus used as a surrogate for coronaviruses. Three log10 reductions on inoculated plastic bins were considered effective for decontamination. Results: UV-C light administered as 10-, 20-, or 30-second cycles in proximity to a plastic bin reduced contamination on each of the test sites, including vertical and horizontal surfaces.  The 30-second cycle met criteria for decontamination of all 3 test sites for all the test organisms except bacteriophage MS2 which was reduced by greater than 2 log10 PFU at each site. Conclusions: UV-C light is an attractive technology for rapid decontamination of airport security bins.  Further work is needed to evaluate the utility of UV-C light in real-world settings and to develop methods to provide automated movement of bins through a UV-C decontamination process.

scholarly journals Inactivation of Candida auris and Candida albicans by Ultraviolet-C

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s292-s292
Author(s):  
William Rutala ◽  
Hajime Kanamori ◽  
Maria Gergen ◽  
Emily Sickbert-Bennett ◽  
David Jay Weber
Keyword(s):  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Environmental Surfaces ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
Indirect Exposure ◽  
Ultraviolet C ◽  
Severe Infections ◽  
Uv C

Background:Candida auris is an emerging fungal pathogen that is often resistant to major classes of antifungal drugs. It is considered a serious global health threat because it has caused severe infections with frequent mortality in over a dozen countries. C. auris can survive on healthcare environmental surfaces for at least 7 days, and it causes outbreaks in healthcare facilities. C. auris has an environmental route of transmission. Thus, infection prevention strategies, such as surface disinfection and room decontamination technologies (eg, ultraviolet [UV-C] light), will be essential to controlling transmission. Unfortunately, data are limited regarding the activity of UV-C to inactivate this pathogen. In this study, a UV-C device was evaluated for its antimicrobial activity against C. auris and C. albicans. Methods: We tested the antifungal activity of a single UV-C device using the vegetative bacteria cycle, which delivers a reflected dose of 12,000 µW/cm2. This testing was performed using Formica sheets (7.6 × 7.6 cm; 3 × 3 inches). The carriers were inoculated with C. auris or C. albicans and placed horizontal on the surface or vertical (ie, perpendicular) to the vertical UV-C lamp and at a distance from 1. 2 m (~4 ft) to 2.4 m (~8 ft). Results: Direct UV-C, with or without FCS (log10 reduction 4.57 and 4.45, respectively), exhibited a higher log10 reduction than indirect UV-C for C. auris (log10 reduction 2.41 and 1.96, respectively), which was statistically significant (Fig. 1 and Table 1). For C. albicans, although direct UV-C had a higher log10 reduction (log10 reduction with and without FCS, 5.26 and 5.07, respectively) compared to indirect exposure (log10 reduction with and without FCS, 3.96 and 3.56, respectively), this difference was not statistically significant. The vertical UV had statistically higher log10 reductions than horizontal UV against C. auris and C. albicans with FCS and without FCS. For example, for C. auris with FCS the log10 reduction for vertical surfaces was 4.92 (95% CI 3.79, 6.04) and for horizontal surfaces the log10 reduction was 2.87 (95% CI, 2.36–3.38). Conclusions:C. auris can be inactivated on environmental surfaces by UV-C as long as factors that affect inactivation are optimized (eg, exposure time). These data and other published UV-C data should be used in developing cycle parameters that prevent contaminated surfaces from being a source of acquisition by staff or patients of this globally emerging pathogen.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

scholarly journals Cost-Effective Disinfection Robot Using UVC Radiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 02003
Author(s):  
Mansi Dhikle ◽  
Vinaya Dharne ◽  
Pankaja Gaikar ◽  
Kausar Fakir
Keyword(s):  
Video Streaming ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Live Video ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
Ultraviolet C ◽  
Cleaning Robots ◽  
Uv C ◽  
Uvc Radiation

Sanitization with human efforts is not an easy task. Chances of contracting infections increases which leads to additional spread of bacteria. Currently, normal cleaning robots are used in most of the places but looking at the current situation the sanitization techniques need to be improved. The robot uses radiation of UV rays to kill the microrganisms. It gives a live video streaming of its surrounding using a Wi-fi based camera. With the help of Bluetooth module and android mobile, we can control the movement of the robot inside the room without being physically present. It is built with PIC Microcontroller and Ultraviolet-C (UVC) Sanitization LED. UV-C has bandwidth range of 200-280nm and is most powerful when it comes to killing pathogens in the room. This allows us to sterilise the room effectively. By killing the germs, the UV light restricts their multiplication by destroying their reproductive system. Thus use of this robot lowers the threat of infection, cost of traditional cleaning and sterilisation and increases security in medical facilities. Thus, we are trying to implement a more efficient way of sanitization by building a Low cost UV sanitization Robot which can be used in small clinics and for household purpose.

Relative Resistance of the Emerging Fungal Pathogen Candida auris and Other Candida Species to Killing by Ultraviolet Light

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Cadnum ◽  
Aaron A. Shaikh ◽  
Christina T. Piedrahita ◽  
Annette L. Jencson ◽  
Emily L. Larkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Relative Resistance ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Ultraviolet C ◽  
Uv C

Mobile ultraviolet-C (UV-C) light room decontamination devices are frequently used as an adjunct to standard cleaning in healthcare facilities, but their efficacy in killing Candida species is not clear. In laboratory testing, the emerging multidrug-resistant Candida auris and 2 other Candida species were significantly less susceptible to killing by UV-C than methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:94–96

scholarly journals Clade-specific variation in susceptibility of Candida auris to broad-spectrum ultraviolet C light (UV-C)

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 1384-1387
Author(s):  
Piyali Chatterjee ◽  
Hosoon Choi ◽  
Brennan Ochoa ◽  
Gennifer Garmon ◽  
John D. Coppin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Uv Exposure ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Cumulative Impact ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Ultraviolet C ◽  
Specific Variation ◽  
Uv C

AbstractBackground:Candida auris is an emerging and often multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen with an exceptional ability to persist on hospital surfaces. These surfaces can act as a potential source of transmission. Therefore, effective disinfection strategies are urgently needed. We investigated the efficacy of ultraviolet C light (UV-C) disinfection for C. auris isolates belonging to 4 different clades.Methods:In vitro testing of C. auris isolates was conducted using 106 colony-forming units (CFU) spread on 20-mm diameter steel carriers and exposed to a broad-spectrum UV-C light source for 10, 20, and 30 minutes at a 1.5 m (5 feet) distance. Post-UV survivors on the coupons were subsequently plated. Colony counts and log reductions were recorded, calculated, and compared to untreated control carriers. Identification of all isolates were confirmed by MALDI-TOF and morphology was visualized by microscopy.Results:We observed an increased susceptibility of C. auris to UV-C in 8 isolates belonging to clades I, II and IV with increasing UV exposure time. The range of log kill (0.8–1.19) was highest for these isolates at 30 minutes. But relatively no change in log kill (0.04–0.35) with increasing time in isolates belonging to clade III were noted. Interestingly, C. auris isolates susceptible to UV-C were mostly nonaggregating, but the isolates that were more resistant to UV exposure formed aggregates.Conclusions:Our study suggests variability in susceptibility to UV-C of C. auris isolates belonging to different clades. More studies are needed to assess whether a cumulative impact of prolonged UV-C exposure provides additional benefit.

Inactivation of Candida auris and Candida albicans by ultraviolet-C

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
William A. Rutala ◽  
Hajime Kanamori ◽  
Maria F. Gergen ◽  
Emily E. Sickbert-Bennett ◽  
David J. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Fetal Calf Serum ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Ultraviolet C ◽  
Uv C

Abstract We evaluated the ability of an ultraviolet-C (UV-C) room decontamination device to kill Candida auris and C. albicans. With an organic challenge (fetal calf serum), the UV-C device demonstrated the following log10 reductions for C. auris of 4.57 and for C. albicans of 5.26 with direct line of sight, and log10 reductions for C. auris of 2.41 and for C. ablicans of 3.96 with indirect line of sight.

Robust Test Method of TSOP PEMs for Space Application

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasunobu Iwai ◽  
Koichi Shinozaki ◽  
Daiki Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Reliability Evaluation ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Thermal Shock Test ◽  
Space Application ◽  
Space Applications ◽  
Limit Test ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Short Time

Abstract Compared with space parts, consumer parts are highly functional, low cost, compact and lightweight. Therefore, their increased usage in space applications is expected. Prior testing and evaluation on space applicability are necessary because consumer parts do not have quality guarantees for space application [1]. However, in the conventional reliability evaluation method, the test takes a long time, and the problem is that the robustness of the target sample can’t be evaluated in a short time. In this report, we apply to the latest TSOP PEM (Thin Small Outline Package Plastic Encapsulated Microcircuit) an evaluation method that combines preconditioning and HALT (Highly Accelerated Limit Test), which is a test method that causes failures in a short time under very severe environmental conditions. We show that this method can evaluate the robustness of TSOP PEMs including solder connections in a short time. In addition, the validity of this evaluation method for TSOP PEM is shown by comparing with the evaluation results of thermal shock test and life test, which are conventional reliability evaluation methods.

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