Evaluation of a continuously active disinfectant for decontamination of portable medical equipment

Abstract A single spray application of a continuously active disinfectant on portable equipment resulted in significant reductions in aerobic colony counts over 7 days and in recovery of Staphylococcus aureus and enterococci: 3 of 93 cultures (3%) versus 11 of 97 (11%) and 20 of 97 (21%) in quaternary ammonium disinfectant and untreated control groups, respectively.

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Plasmid-encoded resistance to acriflavine and quaternary ammonium compounds in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

FEMS Microbiology Letters ◽

10.1016/0378-1097(86)90268-5 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 47-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

M Gillespie

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Quaternary Ammonium ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Ammonium Compounds

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Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) colonisation and infection among livestock workers and veterinarians: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Occupational and Environmental Medicine ◽

10.1136/oemed-2020-106418 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. oemed-2020-106418

Author(s):

Chen Chen ◽

Felicia Wu

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Publication Bias ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Health Concern ◽

Control Groups ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Preventive Practices ◽

Swine Workers ◽

Registration Number ◽

And Control

ObjectivesMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an increasing public health concern worldwide. The objective of this study was to calculate a summary odds ratio (OR) of livestock-associated MRSA colonisation and infection in humans, and to determine specific risk factors in livestock production contributing to MRSA colonisation.MethodsWe screened PubMed and Embase for studies published from 2005 to 2019 inclusive, reporting livestock-associated (LA)-MRSA colonisation and infection among livestock workers/veterinarians, their families, and community members not regularly exposed to livestock. The primary outcome of interest was the OR of LA-MRSA colonisation comparing exposed and control groups. Quality was assessed according to the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale. A meta-analysis using a random-effects model was conducted to calculate a pooled OR. The heterogeneity in the meta-analysis was assessed using the I² method, and publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots.ResultsA total of 3490 studies were identified by the search, with 37 studies including 53 matched exposed-control groups and 14 038 participants eligible for the meta-analysis. The pooled OR for LA-MRSA among livestock workers and veterinarians is 9.80 (95% CI 6.89 to 13.95; p=0.000; I2=73.4), with no significant publication bias (Egger’s p=0.66). The OR for swine workers was highest at 15.41 (95% CI 9.24 to 25.69), followed by cattle workers (11.62, 95% CI 4.60 to 29.36), veterinarians (7.63, 95% CI 3.10 to 18.74), horse workers (7.45, 95% CI 2.39 to 23.25), livestock workers (5.86, 95% CI 1.14 to 30.16), poultry workers (5.70, 95% CI 1.70 19.11), and industrial slaughterhouse workers (4.69, 95% CI 1.10 to 20.0).ConclusionsLivestock workers, particularly swine farmers, are at significantly higher risk for LA-MRSA colonisation and subsequent infection. These results support the need for preventive practices to reduce LA-MRSA risk among those who handle and treat livestock.Trial registration numberCRD42019120403.

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IB-367 pre-treatment improves the in vivo efficacy of teicoplanin and daptomycin in an animal model of wounds infected with meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Journal of Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1099/jmm.0.057414-0 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 62 (10) ◽

pp. 1552-1558 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Oscar Cirioni ◽

Carmela Silvestri ◽

Elisa Pierpaoli ◽

Alessandra Barucca ◽

Wojciech Kamysz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Nk Cell ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Treated Group ◽

Cell Number ◽

Control Groups ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Leukocyte Populations ◽

Nk Cytotoxicity

Antimicrobial peptides are known as immunomodulators and antibiotic enhancers. We report that administration of an antimicrobial peptide, IB-367, was efficacious in increasing the antimicrobial activity of daptomycin and teicoplanin in a mouse model of wound infection caused by meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Mice were assigned to seven groups: an IB-367 pre-treated group with no antibiotics given after challenge, two IB-367 pre-treated groups plus daptomycin or teicoplanin given after challenge, two groups treated with daptomycin or teicoplanin only after challenge, and two control groups without infection or that did not receive any treatment. The main outcome measures were quantitative bacterial culture and analysis of natural killer (NK) cytotoxicity and leukocyte phenotype. The wound, established through the panniculus carnosus muscle of mice, was infected by MRSA. Bacterial cultures of mice receiving antibiotics alone showed a −2 log decrease, whilst those for IB-367 plus daptomycin or teicoplanin showed a −4 log decrease. IB-367 plus daptomycin showed the highest efficacy. The higher antimicrobial effect exerted by IB-367 was associated with increased levels of NK cytotoxicity but not of NK cell number. IB-367 increased the number of both CD11b and Gr-1 cells 3 days after MRSA challenge, whereas both of these leukocyte populations were reduced at 10 days after challenge. Our data suggest that a combination of IB-367 with antibiotic exerts a therapeutic effect and may be useful for the management of staphylococcal wounds.

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INFLUENCE OF ORGANIC MATTER ON THE GERMICIDAL EFFICIENCY OF QUATERNARY AMMONIUM AND HYPOCHLORITE COMPOUNDS

Canadian Journal of Research ◽

10.1139/cjr48f-012 ◽

1948 ◽

Vol 26f (2) ◽

pp. 91-104 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

C. K. Johns

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Quaternary Ammonium ◽

Tap Water ◽

Skim Milk ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Water Solutions ◽

E Coli ◽

Test Organisms ◽

High Concentrations

Using Staphylococcus aureus and Eschericha coli as test organisms, the influence of various concentrations of skim milk on the germicidal potency of Roccal and of Dalglish hypochlorite solutions was studied. Both germicides retained their activity in the presence of unexpectedly high concentrations of skim milk, especially against S. aureus. Small concentrations frequently showed a slight potentiating effect in both laboratory and plant tests. The effectiveness of the hypochlorite fell off sharply beyond a certain concentration, while that of Roccal declined more gradually. Solutions of Roccal prepared with tap water were decidedly less active against E. coli than those prepared with distilled water. With the hypochlorite, tap water solutions were equally effective. Against S. aureus, a similar difference was noted although to a lesser extent. Added skim milk depressed the germicidal action of tap water solutions of Roccal to a greater extent than for distilled water solutions, while for the hypochlorite the reverse held true.

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Correction to Fabrication of Bis-Quaternary Ammonium Salt as an Efficient Bactericidal Weapon Against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

ACS Omega ◽

10.1021/acsomega.9b04440 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 1725-1725

Author(s):

Zhiyong Song ◽

Huajuan Wang ◽

Yang Wu ◽

Jiangjiang Gu ◽

Shuojun Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Ammonium Salt ◽

Quaternary Ammonium ◽

Quaternary Ammonium Salt ◽

And Staphylococcus Aureus

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Anti-CD38 Pretargeted Radioimmunotherapy Demonstrates Therapeutic Efficacy In a Human Multiple Myeloma Mouse Xenograft Model

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v118.21.1842.1842 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 118 (21) ◽

pp. 1842-1842

Author(s):

Damian J. Green ◽

Nural N. Orgun ◽

Mark D. Hylarides ◽

John M. Pagel ◽

Donald K. Hamlin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Myeloma ◽

Plasma Cell ◽

Nude Mice ◽

Therapeutic Efficacy ◽

Untreated Control ◽

Novel Agents ◽

Beta Particle ◽

Control Groups ◽

Myeloma Cells ◽

Athymic Nude Mice

Abstract Abstract 1842 Multiple myeloma (MM) remains incurable despite improved response rates and improved progression free survival in the era of therapy with novel agents, including bortezomib, thalidomide, and lenalidomide. Disease persistence is presumably due to residual malignant plasma cell clones that evade or develop resistance to available therapies. The efficacy of radioimmunotherapy (RIT) in the treatment of hematologic malignancies is well established and the radiosensitivity of malignant plasma cells has been demonstrated in both preclinical and clinical settings. The ectoenzyme receptor CD38 is a plasma cell antigen that exhibits relatively specific, stable and uniform expression (95–100%) at a high epitope density on myeloma cells, making it an attractive target for antibody based therapies, including RIT. Pretargeted RIT (PRIT), using a multi-step streptavidin (SA)-biotin targeting system enhances the therapeutic index of delivered radiation. We have generated an anti-CD38 antibody (Ab)-SA synthetic chemical conjugate (OKT10-SA). The OKT10-SA construct binds with high avidity to myeloma cells while retaining full biotin-binding capability for radiolabeled DOTA-biotin. Blood, tumor and nonspecific organ uptakes of OKT10-SA were directly measured in biodistribution experiments involving athymic nude mice bearing human MM xenograft tumors. Groups of 5 mice with s.c. L363 human MM (IgG) xenograft tumors received 1.4 nmol (300 μg) of either OKT10-SA (anti-CD38 SA) or an IgG1 isotype matched control Ab BHV1-SA (bovine herpes virus-1) 22 hrs prior to synthetic biotin-acetyl-galactosamine clearing agent (CA; 5.8 nmol [50 μg]) and 24 hrs prior to trace labeled 111In-DOTA-biotin (1 μg). The CA removed >95% of both unbound OKT10-SA and BHV1-SA from the mouse circulation within 30 minutes of administration. Animals were euthanized and comprehensive tissue biodistributions were assessed 2, 24, 48 and 96 hrs after 111In-DOTA-biotin injection. Tumors excised from mice pretargeted with OKT10-SA contained 13.1 ± 1.9 % of the injected dose of 111In-DOTA-biotin per gram (% ID/g) after 2 hrs and 8.8 ± 2.8 % ID/g after 24 hrs compared to 2.4 ± 0.6 % ID/g after 2 hrs and 0.9 ± 0.4 % ID/g after 24 hrs in tumors excised from control mice pretargeted with BHV1-SA. Tumor-to-normal organ ratios of absorbed radioactivity were 8:1; 10:1; 8:1; and 6:1 respectively for blood, lung, liver and kidney in mice pretargeted with OKT10-SA; compared to 0.6:1; 0.9:1; 0.8:1 and 0.4:1 respectively, in control mice pretargeted with BHV1-SA. Therapy studies were then performed in athymic nude mice (n=9-10/group) bearing s.c. L363 human MM xenograft tumors. Reagent concentrations and time-points for administration of OKT10-SA, BHV1-SA and CA were identical to those reported for the biodistribution studies. The high energy beta particle emitter 90Yttrium (t1/2 = 64 hrs) was used as the therapeutic radionuclide. 90Y-DOTA-biotin (2 μg) was labeled with 400 μCi, 800 μCi, or 1200 μCi per mouse in 3 OKT10-SA groups and 3 control groups (untreated control; 800 μCi or 1200 μCi 90Y-DOTA-biotin following BHV1-SA). All mice in the untreated control and BHV1-SA control groups experienced exponential MM tumor growth and 78% of the untreated control animals required euthanasia within 17 days. All mice pretargeted with OKT10-SA demonstrated tumor shrinkage by day 6 at all dose levels (see figure). After 17 days, 90% of the OKT10-SA treated animals in the 400 μCi and 1200 μCi groups and 100% of the animals in the 800 μCi remained alive. One animal treated with 1200 μCi was euthanized on day 10 due to weight loss, however the remaining 9 animals from that group were 106 ±9% of initial body weight on day 17. Objective remissions were observed within 6 days in 100% of the mice treated with OKT10-SA followed by 1200 μCi of 90Y-DOTA-biotin, including 100% complete remissions (no detectable tumor in OKT10-SA treated mice compared to tumors that were 5240 ± 2495% of initial tumor volume in untreated control animals) by day 17. These studies represent the first application of both PRIT and CD38 targeted radioimmunotherapy in MM. Favorable OKT10-SA biodistribution findings correlate with early evidence of therapeutic efficacy. Tumor responses in this MM xenograft tumor model are encouraging, but long term toxicity and survival results are not yet mature. Future studies combining PRIT and novel agents are planned in xenograft and SCID-hu myeloma models. Disclosures: Gopal: Millenium. Wood:BD Biosciences: Research Funding.

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Clinical and Bacteriological Aspects of Impetigo Contagiosa

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0022172400000991 ◽

1955 ◽

Vol 53 (4) ◽

pp. 495-508 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

George I. Barrow

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Special Reference ◽

Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽

Phage Type ◽

Nasal Carriage ◽

Control Groups ◽

Staph Aureus ◽

Impetigo Contagiosa ◽

Resistant Strains

Summary1. The results of an investigation into the clinical, epidemiological and bacteriological features of impetigo contagiosa, with special reference to the type identification of staphylococci and streptococci, are reported and discussed.2. Of 106 impetigo cases studied, Staphylococcus aureus was isolated alone from 86 lesions (81 %), Streptococcus pyogenes alone from 6 (5·6 %), and a mixed growth of Staph. aureus and haemolytic streptococci in 14 instances (13·2 %).3. Of the 100 strains of Staph. aureus isolated from impetigo lesions, 63 were identical in phage type (‘type 71’), and a further 17 were closely related (‘weak 71’).4. Only one representative of ‘type 71’, and 9 of ‘weak 71’, were obtained from 164 strains of Staph. aureus from 200 persons in three control groups.5. Of 90 strains of Staph. aureus from impetigo lesions, 64 (71 %) were resistant to penicillin. Of these penicillin-resistant strains, 54 (84 %) were of ‘type 71’, or close variants.6. Strep, pyogenes was probably causative in at least 6 of the 18 patients yielding this organism from lesions; it was presumed to be a secondary invader in the remainder.7. It is doubtful if nasal carriage is of importance in the epidemiology of impetigo.8. It is concluded that there is a specific ‘type’ of staphylococcus associated with this form of impetigo.

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ComparativeIn VivoEfficacies of Epithelial Lining Fluid Exposures of Tedizolid, Linezolid, and Vancomycin for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Mouse Pneumonia Model

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.06427-11 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 56 (5) ◽

pp. 2342-2346 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Pamela R. Tessier ◽

Rebecca A. Keel ◽

Mao Hagihara ◽

Jared L. Crandon ◽

David P. Nicolau

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Bacterial Density ◽

Epithelial Lining ◽

Control Groups ◽

Epithelial Lining Fluid ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Content Type ◽

Treatment Groups

ABSTRACTThe antibacterial efficacies of tedizolid phosphate (TZD), linezolid, and vancomycin regimens simulating human exposures at the infection site against methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) were compared in anin vivomouse pneumonia model. Immunocompetent BALB/c mice were orally inoculated with one of three strains of MRSA and subsequently administered 20 mg/kg TZD every 24 hours (q24h), 120 mg/kg linezolid q12h, or 25 mg/kg vancomycin q12h over 24 h. These regimens produced epithelial lining fluid exposures comparable to human exposures observed following intravenous regimens of 200 mg TZD q24h, 600 mg linezolid q12h, and 1 g vancomycin q12h. The differences in CFU after 24 h of treatment were compared between control and treatment groups. Vehicle-dosed control groups increased in bacterial density an average of 1.1 logs. All treatments reduced the bacterial density at 24 h with an average of 1.2, 1.6, and 0.1 logs for TZD, linezolid, and vancomycin, respectively. The efficacy of TZD versus linezolid regimens against the three MRSA isolates was not statistically different (P> 0.05), although both treatments were significantly different from controls. In contrast, the vancomycin regimen was significantly different from TZD against one MRSA isolate and from linezolid against all isolates. The vancomycin regimen was less protective than either the TZD or linezolid regimens, with overall survival of 61.1% versus 94.7% or 89.5%, respectively. At human simulated exposures to epithelial lining fluid, vancomycin resulted in minimal reductions in bacterial counts and higher mortality compared to those of either TZD or linezolid. TZD and linezolid showed similar efficacies in this MRSA pneumonia model.

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