scholarly journals Clinical and Bacteriological Aspects of Impetigo Contagiosa

1955 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
George I. Barrow
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Staph Aureus ◽  
Impetigo Contagiosa ◽  
Resistant Strains

Summary1. The results of an investigation into the clinical, epidemiological and bacteriological features of impetigo contagiosa, with special reference to the type identification of staphylococci and streptococci, are reported and discussed.2. Of 106 impetigo cases studied, Staphylococcus aureus was isolated alone from 86 lesions (81 %), Streptococcus pyogenes alone from 6 (5·6 %), and a mixed growth of Staph. aureus and haemolytic streptococci in 14 instances (13·2 %).3. Of the 100 strains of Staph. aureus isolated from impetigo lesions, 63 were identical in phage type (‘type 71’), and a further 17 were closely related (‘weak 71’).4. Only one representative of ‘type 71’, and 9 of ‘weak 71’, were obtained from 164 strains of Staph. aureus from 200 persons in three control groups.5. Of 90 strains of Staph. aureus from impetigo lesions, 64 (71 %) were resistant to penicillin. Of these penicillin-resistant strains, 54 (84 %) were of ‘type 71’, or close variants.6. Strep, pyogenes was probably causative in at least 6 of the 18 patients yielding this organism from lesions; it was presumed to be a secondary invader in the remainder.7. It is doubtful if nasal carriage is of importance in the epidemiology of impetigo.8. It is concluded that there is a specific ‘type’ of staphylococcus associated with this form of impetigo.

scholarly journals Staphylococcal disease and nasal carriage in the Royal Air Force

1962 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Miller ◽  
J. C. McDonald ◽  
M. P. Jevons ◽  
R. E. O. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Air Force ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Director General ◽  
Royal Air Force ◽  
Phage Group ◽  
Staph Aureus ◽  
Group I ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
New Recruits

1. The nasal carriage of Staph. aureus and its relation to disease was studied in new recruits, boy apprentices and trained men of the Royal Air Force.2. The proportions of Staph. aureus that were penicillin-resistant ranged from 15% in new recruits to 29% in trained men. In a school for apprentices the rate in new arrivals was 18%, and 23% for boys after the initial training. We were unable to find when these changes occurred.3. 31% of strains isolated from septic lesions were penicillin-resistant and the rate was similar in all types of unit. Resistant strains were not apparently more virulent than sensitive strains.4. About 1% of all strains isolated were resistant to tetracycline and streptomycin and much smaller proportions to chloramphenicol and erythromycin.5. The phage-group distribution was similar for nasal and lesion strains, but nearly half the penicillin-resistant lesion strains belonged to Group I, and types 52A and 3C/55/71 were much commoner in lesions than in the nose.6. Penicillin-resistant strains were more readily acquired and more rapidly lost than the sensitive strains.7. Nasal carriers suffered from septic lesions more frequently than non-carriers, and those with a lesion tended to suffer further lesions. There was no evidence of cross-infection among bedroom contacts.8. The proportion of penicillin-resistant strains rose from 30 to 40% between admission to and discharge from service hospitals. Resistant strains were not carried for long after discharge.9. Penicillin treatment resulted in a fall in the total carrier rate and a rise in the resistance rate. Phage type analysis showed that this was mainly due to elimination of sensitive strains and recolonization with resistant strains.We are greatly indebted to Miss Susan Green for the large amount of work that she did in the laboratory. We should like to thank also many Royal Air Force medical officers for their assistance, in particular Wing Commander E. S. Odbert, Wing Commander M. White, Squadron Leader M. Shearer and Flight Lieutenant A. J. Zuckerman; and the Director-General of the Royal Air Force Medical Services for permission to publish the results.

scholarly journals Impetigo Contagiosa. The Association of Certain Types of Staphylococcus Aureus and of Streptococcus Pyogenes with Superficial Skin Infections

1955 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 458-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Parker ◽  
A. J. H. Tomlinson ◽  
R. E. O. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Hospital Infections ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Impetigo Contagiosa ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Superficial Skin ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Nose And Throat

SummaryIn an investigation of impetigo among troops, carried out in 1941, nearly half of the strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the lesions had the ability to inhibit the growth of corynebacteria on solid media. A much smaller proportion of strains from other superficial lesions and from nose and throat swabs had this ability, and strains from deep suppurative lesions were uniformly negative.Three-quarters of Staph. aureus strains isolated from schoolchildren with impetigo in Lancashire in 1953 and early 1954 were of one variety, which could be denned by its susceptibility to typing phages (‘type 71’).Nearly 90 % of ‘type 71’ staphylococci, and very few others, produced a narrow, sharp zone of inhibition of Corynebacterium diphtheriae mitis on solid media.A small number of other staphylococci, mainly non-typable or unclassifiable strains, produced a wider, hazy zone of inhibition.The majority of the impetigo staphylococci were penicillin-resistant, and most of the resistant strains were members of ‘type 71’. However, ‘type 71’ gave rise to only a small proportion of the penicillin-resistant hospital infections occurring in the same district at the same time.Three-quarters of the Str. pyogenes strains from impetigo lesions belonged to one of two groups of closely related serological types, one of which was rarely encountered in other situations.

scholarly journals Incidence and penicillin sensitivity ofStaphylococcus aureusin the nose in infants and their mothers

1953 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Ludlam
Keyword(s):  
Phage Type ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
First Year ◽  
Staph Aureus ◽  
Maternity Hospitals ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Very High ◽  
At Home

1. Among infants attending Child Welfare Clinics there was a steady decline in the incidence of nasal carriage ofStaph. aureusover the first year of life.2. Infants born in hospital showed a much higher incidence ofStaph. aureusin the first 2 months of life than infants born at home. A similar difference was also very distinct in the later part of the first year of life.3. Mothers delivered 2 weeks to 2 months previously had a higher incidence of nasal carriage ofStaph. aureuswhen delivered in hospital than when delivered at home. After this interval the incidence was similar in all groups of mothers throughout the rest of the year.4. In the first few months of life there was a tendency for carriage in infants to be associated with carriage in the mother, but towards the end of the year there was no such relationship. This association appeared most clearly in infants born at home and in infants 2–5 months old born in hospital F.5. A very high proportion (25 out of 30) of the strains tested from infants born in hospital F less than 5 months previously were penicillin-resistant. Infants born at home had a much lower incidence of resistant strains.6. A high proportion of strains ofStaph. aureusisolated from mothers delivered in hospital F were resistant throughout the first year. Strains from mothers delivered in hospital C or at home showed a much lower proportion of resistant strains.7. Phage-typing showed a great variety of types, but those found among the penicillin-resistant strains were rather less varied than among the sensitive strains. WhenStaph. aureuswas found both in infant and mother, although the same phage type was commonly present in both, in 16 out of 35 couples different types were found.8. Investigation in maternity hospitals C and F showed a high proportion of penicillin-resistant strains ofStaph. aureusamong the nurses and infants and in the dust of the nurseries, but not among the mothers. There was no important difference between the two hospitals as regards the incidence of resistant strains isolated from nurses and infants in spite of the differences found in babies from the two hospitals when swabbed at the clinics.9. The significance of these results is discussed.

PHAGE GROUPS AND ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ASSOCIATED WITH CYSTIC FIBROSIS OF THE PANCREAS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-42
Author(s):  
Fred E. Pittman ◽  
Calderon Howe ◽  
Louise Goode ◽  
Paul A. di Sant'Agnese
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Phage Group ◽  
Staph Aureus ◽  
Group Iii

In this study, 198 strains of hemolytic, coagulase-positive Staph. aureus were recovered from 84 patients with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas and some of their relatives. The majority of the organisms fell into phage group III and were resistant in vitro to penicillin and other antibiotics. No single phage type seemed to be unduly prevalent in this group of patients with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas.

scholarly journals Mercury resistance of Staphylococcus aureus

1970 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara M. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Mercury Resistance ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Mercury Salts ◽  
Local Endemic ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Endemic Strain ◽  
Made In

SummaryReasons for the accumulation of mercury-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus in hospital have been studied. A collection of paired strains, that is staphylococci similar in every respect except sensitivity to mercury salts, was made. Tests were made in an attempt to demonstrate a link between mercury resistance and some other factor which might aid survival, viz. resistance to drying and heat, production of bound coagulase, growth in the presence of sublethal amounts of tetracycline, survival in human blood at 37°C. and uptake by polymorphs at 30°0. and 37°C., development of resistance to antibiotics and competition in mixed cultures. It was not possible to demonstrate any consistent link between mercury resistance and any of these properties. Paper strips impregnated with the mercurial diuretic, Mersalyl, were shown to differentiate between mercury-resistant and -sensitive strains in vitro. Furthermore, development of resistance to mercury by passage in mercuric chloride-broth was demonstrated.It is proposed that mercury resistance has developed as a result of exposure to the mercury ion. Mercurial diuretics have been frequently used in medical and geriatric patients and it is among these that the higher carrier rates of mercury-resistant strains are found even when the local endemic strain is disregarded. In obstetric patients, where mercurials are seldom used, mercury-resistant strains are rare.Nasal carriage of factory workers exposed to mercury products showed that this group is likely to carry resistant or partially resistant strains.

Identification of Staphylococcus aureus from enriched nasal swabs within 24 h is improved with use of multiple culture media

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 1365-1367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Nadimpalli ◽  
Christopher Heaney ◽  
Jill R. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Staph Aureus ◽  
Nasal Swabs

Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus is commonly evaluated via culture-based methods. We found that parallel use of two media, Baird-Parker and CHROMagar™ Staph aureus, increased detection of S. aureus from a healthy population by 29 %. We suggest use of both media for optimal identification of S. aureus from healthy cohorts.

scholarly journals Amoxicillin-Clavulanate Therapy Increases Childhood Nasal Colonization by Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Strains Producing High Levels of Penicillinase

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 4618-4623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didier Guillemot ◽  
Stephane Bonacorsi ◽  
John S. Blanchard ◽  
Philippe Weber ◽  
Sylvie Simon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Nasal Colonization ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate ◽  
Resistant Strains

ABSTRACT We examined factors associated with penicillinase production by nasal carriage Staphylococcus aureus strains in 648 children aged 3 to 6 years attending 20 randomly sampled playschools. The children were prospectively monitored for drug use and medical events for 6 months and were then screened for S. aureus carriage. Isolates were tested for their susceptibility to penicillin G and methicillin, and penicillinase production by methicillin-susceptible, penicillin-resistant strains was quantified. S. aureus was isolated from 166 children (25.6%). Exposure to amoxicillin-clavulanate during the previous 3 months was associated with higher penicillinase production by penicillin-resistant, methicillin-susceptible strains (odds ratio, 3.6; P = 0.03). These results suggest that use of the amoxicillin-clavulanate combination could induce a herd selection process of S. aureus strains producing higher levels of penicillinase.

scholarly journals Bacterial and Host Factors Implicated in Nasal Carriage of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Mice

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 1847-1851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno González-Zorn ◽  
Jose P. M. Senna ◽  
Laurence Fiette ◽  
Spencer Shorte ◽  
Aurélie Testard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Transmembrane Conductance Regulator ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Transmembrane Conductance ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 2 ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane ◽  
Deficient Mice

ABSTRACT Nasal carriage is a major risk factor for Staphylococcus aureus infection, especially for methicillin-resistant strains (MRSA). Using a mouse model of nasal carriage, we have compared several S. aureus strains and demonstrated increased colonization levels by MRSA in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-deficient mice and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-deficient mice but not TLR4-deficient mice.

scholarly journals Postantibiotic Suppression of Growth of Erythromycin A-Susceptible and -Resistant Gram-Positive Bacteria by the Ketolides Telithromycin (HMR 3647) and HMR 3004

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1749-1753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy J. Munckhof ◽  
Glenn Borlace ◽  
John D. Turnidge
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Erythromycin A

ABSTRACT We investigated the in vitro postantibiotic effects (PAEs) of the ketolides telithromycin (HMR 3647) and HMR 3004 and analyzed the results using the sigmoid E max model. Mean maximum telithromycin PAEs against erythromycin A-susceptible strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Streptococcus pneumoniae were 3.7, 8.9, and 9.7 h, respectively, while maximum PAEs for erythromycin A-resistant strains were much shorter. Mean maximum HMR 3004 PAEs were 3.2 to 4.4 h for all species.

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