Effect of Carrier Volume and Application Method on Waterhyacinth Response to 2,4-D, Glyphosate, and Diquat

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Benjamin P. Sperry ◽  
Jason A. Ferrell
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Aquatic Plant ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Spray Pattern ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Application Techniques ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
Carrier Volume ◽  
Biomass Reduction

Mesocosm studies were conducted in 2020 to evaluate the effects of carrier volume and application method on waterhyacinth response to 2,4-D, glyphosate, and diquat. Carrier volumes of 935, 467, and 187 L ha-1 were applied using either a conventional stream, conventional cone, adjustable cone, or a drizzle stream spray pattern. Reducing carrier volume from 935 L ha-1 reduced spray coverage up to 60% depending on application method. However, reducing carrier volume did not diminish efficacy of any herbicide or application method. Alternatively, waterhyacinth control from 2,4-D increased 10 to 26% when applied using 187 L ha-1 compared to 935 L ha-1. Likewise, waterhyacinth biomass was reduced 91% when 2,4-D was applied using 935 L ha-1; however, treatment applied at 187 L ha-1 resulted in 99% biomass reduction. In general, 2,4-D resulted in roughly 10% greater control when conventional or adjustable cone applications were used compared to either stream applications. Waterhyacinth control 7 days after treatment (DAT) from diquat increased with decreasing carrier volumes; however, treatment effects in diquat experiments were not detected at other evaluation intervals. Glyphosate efficacy was highly influenced by carrier volume as waterhyacinth control increased up to 61% when applied using 187 L ha-1 compared to 935 L ha-1. Moreover, waterhyacinth biomass reduction increased from 55% in 935 L ha-1 treatment to 97% in 187 L ha-1 treatments. Glyphosate application methods consisting of conventional stream or conventional cone sprayers resulted in slightly increased waterhyacinth control by 28 DAT; however, no differences among application methods were observed in waterhyacinth biomass data. These data support further evaluations of alternative application techniques for waterhyacinth control under field conditions as well as other herbicides and aquatic plant species.

Effects of Application Variables on Glyphosate Phytotoxicity

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas D. Buhler ◽  
Orvin C. Burnside
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
Carrier Volume ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] toxicity to volunteer wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) and large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis(L.) Scop. # DIGSA] was influenced more by carrier volume than application method. Glyphosate phytotoxicity increased when carrier volume was reduced with both application methods. When compared at equal carrier volumes, there was little difference in volunteer wheat or large crabgrass control when glyphosate was applied with a controlled droplet applicator or flat fan nozzles. Volunteer wheat and large crabgrass control with controlled droplet applicators was influenced by application factors. At a given carrier volume, application factors which yielded larger droplets generally resulted in superior vegetation control.

Differential Tolerance of Morningglory Species (IpomoeaSp.) to DPX-PE350

Weed Science ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shay L. Sunderland ◽  
Harold D. Coble
Keyword(s):  
Field Conditions ◽  
Biomass Reduction

Experiments were conducted in the greenhouse and field to investigate differential tolerance among tall, pitted, red, entireleaf, and ivyleaf morningglory species to DPX-PE350. Tall morningglory in the greenhouse was more tolerant of DPX-PE350 at 7 and 14 g ai ha-1applied POST than were other species of morningglory. Increased tolerance of tall morningglory also was observed under field conditions with DPX-PE350 applied PRE and POST. Adjuvants did not increase biomass reduction of tall morningglory by DPX-PE350 applied POST.

Absorption and Translocation of Florpyrauxifen-benzyl in Ten Aquatic Plant Species

Weed Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Erika J. Haug ◽  
Khalied A. Ahmed ◽  
Travis W. Gannon ◽  
Rob J. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Aquatic Plant ◽  
Myriophyllum Spicatum ◽  
Hydrilla Verticillata ◽  
State University ◽  
North Carolina State University ◽  
Eurasian Watermilfoil ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Aquatic Herbicide

Abstract Additional active ingredients are needed for use in aquatic systems in order to respond to new threats or treatment scenarios, enhance selectivity, reduce use rates, and to mitigate the risk of herbicide-resistance. Florpyrauxifen-benzyl is a new synthetic auxin developed for use as an aquatic herbicide. A study was conducted at North Carolina State University, in which 10 µg L−1 of 25% radiolabeled florpyrauxifen-benzyl was applied to the isolated shoot tissue of ten different aquatic plant species in order to elucidate absorption and translocation patterns in these species. Extremely high levels of shoot absorption were observed for all species and uptake was rapid. Highest shoot absorptions were observed for crested floatingheart [Nymphoides cristata (Roxb.) Kuntze] (A192 =20 µg g−1), dioecious hydrilla [Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle] (A192 =25.3 µg g−1), variable watermilfoil (Myriophyllum heterophylum Michx.) (A192 =40.1 µg g−1) and Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L.) (A192 =25.3 µg g−1). Evidence of translocation was observed in all rooted species tested with the greatest translocation observed in N. cristata (1.28 µg g-1 at 192 HAT). The results of this study add to the growing body of knowledge surrounding the behavior of this newly registered herbicide within aquatic plants.

Influence of Application Method on the Activity of Butylate and EPTC in Reduced-Tillage Corn (Zea mays)

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas D. Buhler
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Liquid Fertilizer ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Control Growth ◽  
Application Methods

Weed control in reduced-tillage corn (Zea maysL. ‘Pioneer 3732′) with butylate [S-ethyl bis(2-methylpropyl) carbamothioate] and EPTC (S-ethyl dipropyl carbarnothioate) was not reduced when these herbicides were applied jointly with dry or liquid fertilizer. In most cases, application with fertilizer resulted in weed control similar to that observed when the herbicide was applied in water at 285 L/ha. Butylate applied as a granular formulation also gave weed control similar to the spray at 285 L/ha. Application in 95 L/ha of water consistently resulted in reduced weed control. Corn injury was not greatly influenced by application method, and differences in corn yield appeared to be due to differences in weed control. Growth chamber bioassays indicated that both butylate and EPTC dissipated more rapidly when applied in 95 L/ha of water than the other application methods, which may explain differences in weed control observed in the field.

Sustainable valorization of seeds from eight aquatic plant species as a source of oil and lipophilic bioactive compounds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise Sipeniece ◽  
Inga Mišina ◽  
Ying Qian ◽  
Anna Grygier ◽  
Natalia Sobieszczańska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Aquatic Plant

scholarly journals Terrestrial Morphotypes of Aquatic Plants Display Improved Seed Germination to Deal with Dry or Low-Rainfall Periods

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 741
Author(s):  
Rocío Fernández-Zamudio ◽  
Pablo García-Murillo ◽  
Carmen Díaz-Paniagua
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Aquatic Plant ◽  
Population Persistence ◽  
Temporary Ponds ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Plant Assemblages ◽  
Viable Seeds

In temporary ponds, seed germination largely determines how well aquatic plant assemblages recover after dry periods. Some aquatic plants have terrestrial morphotypes that can produce seeds even in dry years. Here, we performed an experiment to compare germination patterns for seeds produced by aquatic and terrestrial morphotypes of Ranunculus peltatus subsp. saniculifolius over the course of five inundation events. During the first inundation event, percent germination was higher for terrestrial morphotype seeds (36.1%) than for aquatic morphotype seeds (6.1%). Seed germination peaked for both groups during the second inundation event (terrestrial morphotype: 47%; aquatic morphotype: 34%). Even after all five events, some viable seeds had not yet germinated (terrestrial morphotype: 0.6%; aquatic morphotype: 5%). We also compared germination patterns for the two morphotypes in Callitriche brutia: the percent germination was higher for terrestrial morphotype seeds (79.5%) than for aquatic morphotype seeds (41.9%). Both aquatic plant species use two complementary strategies to ensure population persistence despite the unpredictable conditions of temporary ponds. First, plants can produce seeds with different dormancy periods that germinate during different inundation periods. Second, plants can produce terrestrial morphotypes, which generate more seeds during dry periods, allowing for re-establishment when conditions are once again favorable.

scholarly journals Nelumbo genome database, an integrative resource for gene expression and variants of Nelumbo nucifera

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Li ◽  
Xingyu Yang ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Zhiyan Gao ◽  
Yuting Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Aquatic Plant ◽  
Molecular Breeding ◽  
Nelumbo Nucifera ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
Genome Database ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Sacred Lotus ◽  
Coexpression Networks

AbstractSacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera, or lotus) is one of the most widely grown aquatic plant species with important uses, such as in water gardening and in vegetable and herbal medicine. A public genomic database of lotus would facilitate studies of lotus and other aquatic plant species. Here, we constructed an integrative database: the Nelumbo Genome Database (NGD, http://nelumbo.biocloud.net). This database is a collection of the most updated lotus genome assembly and contains information on both gene expression in different tissues and coexpression networks. In the NGD, we also integrated genetic variants and key traits from our 62 newly sequenced lotus cultivars and 26 previously reported cultivars, which are valuable for lotus germplasm studies. As applications including BLAST, BLAT, Primer, Annotation Search, Variant and Trait Search are deployed, users can perform sequence analyses and gene searches via the NGD. Overall, the valuable genomic resources provided in the NGD will facilitate future studies on population genetics and molecular breeding of lotus.

scholarly journals Ambient changes exceed treatment effects on plant species abundance in global change experiments

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 5668-5679 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Adam Langley ◽  
Samantha K. Chapman ◽  
Kimberly J. La Pierre ◽  
Meghan Avolio ◽  
William D. Bowman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Species Abundance

Reestablishment of Cabomba schwartzii (Cabombaceae), an aquatic plant species endemic to the Brazilian Amazon

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 367 (3) ◽  
pp. 245 ◽  
Author(s):  
TIAGO D. M. BARBOSA ◽  
RAFAELA J. TRAD ◽  
MIKLOS M. BAJAY ◽  
MARIA I. ZUCCHI ◽  
MARIA DO CARMO E. DO AMARAL
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Genetic Study ◽  
Aquatic Plant ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Description ◽  
Dichotomous Key ◽  
Herbarium Collections

Cabomba schwartzii was described by Rataj in 1977. The species discovered in the Brazilian Amazon was said to differ from other Cabomba species in having two sepals, two petals and a lobate petal base. According to the 1991 study of Ørgaard, C. schwartzii is similar to C. aquatica in other morphological characters (C. aquatica has flowers with three sepals and three petals) and since variation in number of floral parts is common in the genus, Ørgaard synonymized both species. After an analysis of C. schwartzii type material, other herbarium collections and location of four populations (two with C. schwartzii characteristics and two with C. aquatica characteristics), we conducted an integrated morphological and genetic study to evaluate whether or not C. schwartzii is a distinct species from C. aquatica. The results reveal the species to be distinct from each other and therefore C. schwartzii should be reestablished. The floral formula for C. schwartzii is K2 C2 A2+2 G1, versus K3 C3 A3+3 G2 for C. aquatica. A detailed species description and the geographical distribution of C. schwartzii are presented with a dichotomous key to distinguish both species, together with illustrations.

Effects of Application Method and Rate on Control of Sclerotinia Blight of Peanut with Iprodione and Fluazinam1

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Damicone ◽  
K. E. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Sclerotinia Blight ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
Yield Responses

Abstract Two trials with iprodione and three trials with fluazinam were conducted to assess the effects of application method and rate on the control of Sclerotinia blight of peanut with fungicide. In order to concentrate the fungicides near the crown area where the disease causes the most damage, applications were made through a canopy opener with a single nozzle centered over the row to achieve a 30.5-cm-wide band (canopy opener), and through a single nozzle centered over the row to achieve a 46-cm-wide band (band). Broadcast applications were compared to these methods at rates of 0, 0.28, 0.56, and 1.12 kg/ha on the susceptible cultivar Okrun. Sclerotinia blight was severe, with > 70% disease incidence and < 2000 kg/ha yield for the untreated controls in each trial. Linear reductions in area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), but not final disease incidence, with iprodione rate were significant (P < 0.05) for all methods of application. However, the rate of decrease did not differ among application methods. Linear increases in yield with rate of iprodione were greater for canopy opener compared to the band or broadcast applications. Only a 50% reduction in AUDPC and a maximum yield of < 2700 kg/ha was achieved with iprodione using the best method. At the maximum rate of 1.12 kg/ha, fluazinam provided > 75% disease control and > 4000 kg/ha yield for all application methods. Differences in disease control and yield among application methods only occurred at the 0.28 and 0.56 kg/ha rates of fluazinam. Reductions in AUDPC with fluazinam rate were quadratic for all application methods, but AUDPC values were less for the canopy opener and band methods at 0.28 and 0.56 kg/ha compared to the broadcast methods. The yield response to rate for broadcast applications of fluazinam was linear. However, predicted yield responses to fluazinam rate were quadratic for the band and canopy opener methods and approached the maximum response at 0.84 kg/ha. Targeting fungicide applications using the band and/or canopy opener methods was beneficial for fluazinam at reduced rates. Disease control with iprodione was not adequate regardless of application method.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document