scholarly journals The basic income: Initiating the needed discussion in industrial, work, and organizational psychology

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Hüffmeier ◽  
Hannes Zacher
Keyword(s):  
Theory Development ◽  
Political Community ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Industrial Work ◽  
Psychology Perspective ◽  
Future Theory

AbstractThe basic income (BI) involves regular and unconditional cash payments to all members of a political community, without the requirement or expectation to work in return. Whereas the BI is increasingly discussed by political parties, organizational practitioners, and in other academic disciplines, the field of industrial, work, and organizational (IWO) psychology has so far remained silent on the concept. In this article, we first explain why there is a growing interest in the BI and outline potential reasons why the BI, despite its topical relevance, has not been discussed by IWO psychologists. Next, to initiate the needed discussion on the BI, we outline the most important background information on the concept, including its definition, history, financial aspects, main criticisms, and potential advantages. We further provide first answers to common questions about the BI from an IWO psychology perspective, such as “(Why) would people still work if they received a BI?” We conclude with a discussion of potential positive and negative consequences of the BI as well implications for future theory development, empirical research, and practical applications.

The Past and the Future of International Entrepreneurship: A Review and Suggestions for Developing the Field

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 600-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Matthias Keupp ◽  
Oliver Gassmann
Keyword(s):  
International Entrepreneurship ◽  
Innovation Management ◽  
Theory Development ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Technology And Innovation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Future Theory

In this article, the authors analyze the field of international entrepreneurship (IE), which is in desperate need of further theory development. They study the field of IE since its inception by offering a comprehensive review of 179 articles on IE published in 16 journals over 14 years, covering the academic disciplines of strategic management, international business, entrepreneurship, and technology and innovation management. From a systematic content analysis of this literature, the authors develop an organizing framework to analyze the field's current status. On the basis of this analysis, the authors can identify theoretical inconsistencies, conflicting predictions, and knowledge gaps that all forestall the further development of IE research. They then develop directions for future research that can help to overcome these obstacles and promote future theory development.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
András Sajó ◽  
Renáta Uitz
Keyword(s):  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
Political Community ◽  
The Political ◽  
Abuse Of Power ◽  
Practical Applications

This book examines the implications of constitutionalism for the constitutional legal order and the political community which is meant to live by it. The book demonstrates what is at stake in the debate on constitutionalism through numerous examples of political anomalies and abuse of power. It presents stories of constitutional success and failure to give a sense of the current threats, arguing that constitutions are not mere practical applications of political philosophies or opportunistic political deals. The book considers foundational issues related to constitutions and constitutionalism as reflected in influential ideas, political practices, and social dynamics behind the scenes.

Neural Foundations of Variability in Attachment

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allyson J. Bennett ◽  
William D. Hopkins ◽  
Ruth Feldman ◽  
Valeria Gazzola ◽  
Jay Giedd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Theory Development ◽  
Single Type ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Insight Into

Neuroscience offers insight into processes that support the development of the social brain within the cultural contexts that permit attachment relationships to form. Both human and nonhuman animal studies are critical to inform theory development and hypothesis testing via descriptive and experimental studies. A scientifically valid evolutionary theory is necessary to account for the remarkable diversity of parenting systems across human and many nonhuman animals. This chapter examines the neural foundations of attachment and poses critical questions that relate to the initiation of this relationship: How does attachment interface with brain development? What is the interplay between attachment and brain development (including elements of bidirectionality)? Are there negative consequences associated with variation in attachment, and are they reversible? Rather than conceptualizing attachment in terms of a single type of relationship, or a rigid developmental channel, this chapter proposes that an expanded consideration of variation is necessary to understand the neural foundations of infant-caregiver relationships, and the role of those relationships in developing competence across the life span. This approach will permit identification of common neurobiological elements of attachment as well as the remarkable plasticity and diversity within and across individuals, cultures, and species.

Chapter 17 SUPPORTING FUTURE THEORY DEVELOPMENT

2016 ◽  
pp. 319-322
Author(s):  
Diane H. Sonnenwald
Keyword(s):  
Theory Development ◽  
Future Theory

Usability: Adoption, Measurement, Value

2020 ◽  
pp. 001872081989509
Author(s):  
Janine D. Mator ◽  
William E. Lehman ◽  
Wyatt McManus ◽  
Sarah Powers ◽  
Lauren Tiller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Theory Development ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Training Materials ◽  
Aging Populations ◽  
Usability Research ◽  
Future Theory ◽  
Insight Into

Objective We searched for the application of usability in the literature with a focus on adoption, measurements employed, and demonstrated value. Five human factors domains served as a platform for our reflection, which included the last 20 years. Background As usability studies continue to accumulate, there has been only a little past reflection on usability and contributions across a variety of applications. Our research provides a background for general usability, and we target specific usability research subareas within transportation, aging populations, autistic populations, telehealth, and cybersecurity. Method “Usability” research was explored across five different domains within human factors. The goal was not to perform an exhaustive review but, rather, sample usability practices within several specific subareas. We focused on answering three questions: How was usability adopted? How was it measured? How was it framed in terms of value? Conclusion We found that usability is very domain specific. Usability benchmarking studies and empirical standards are rare. The value associated with improving usability ranged widely—from monetary benefits to saving lives. Thus, researchers are motivated to further improve usability practices. A number of data collection and interpretation challenges still call for solutions. Application Findings offer insight into the development of usability, as applied across a variety of subdomains. Our reflection ought to inform future theory development efforts. We are concerned about the lack of established benchmarks, which can help ground data interpretation. Future research should address this gap in the literature. We note that our findings can be used to develop better training materials for future usability researchers.

The Nature, Antecedents and Consequences of Underemployment

1996 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Theory Development ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Job Characteristics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Assistance Programs ◽  
Job Behaviors ◽  
Antecedents And Consequences ◽  
Future Theory

Despite the growth of underemployment in the United States, relatively little theoretical or empirical attention has been paid to this phenomenon. This article presents a multidimensional conceptualization of underemployment in terms of education, work duties, field of employment, wages, and permanence of the job. The article then presents testable propositions on both the hypothesized antecedents of underemployment (e.g., economic factors, job characteristics, career history, job search strategies, and demographics) and on the hypothesized consequences of underemployment (e.g., job attitudes, overall psychological well-being, career attitudes, job behaviors, and marital, family, and social relationships). Directions for future theory development, research methodology, and institutional assistance programs for the underemployed are discussed as well.

scholarly journals Systematic Analysis of the Current Academic Research on Social Media Marketing

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (s1) ◽  
pp. 15-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Klepek
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Theory Development ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Technical Ability ◽  
The Social ◽  
Communication Habits ◽  
Future Theory

Abstract With the advent of social media where customers have the technical ability to upload own content the change occurred in some of the communication habits online. This world of constant communication is a challenge for businesses as well researchers. Academic research in this area is bringing valuable insights into people attitudes and behaviour on the social media. What is the current situation and where the research field is heading is a question of high importance. This study uses the systematic approach to reviewing the literature and to show the development of publications produced at Czech universities. Although the results show an increasing number of studies, Czech research is lagging behind other similar countries. Compared with the best countries, it is lagging behind in the number of quotations per article. On the basis of these analyses, suggestions for future research that can help to promote future theory development are proposed.

scholarly journals Prior Learning and the Efficacy of Retrieval Practice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohan Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Retrieval Practice ◽  
Theory Development ◽  
Memory Model ◽  
Prior Learning ◽  
Future Theory

In three experiments we investigated how the level of study-based learning influences theefficacy of subsequent retrieval practice (testing). Possibilities are that the efficacy of a testrelative to a restudy control decreases, increases, or is independent of the degree of priorlearning. Prior learning was manipulated by varying the number of item repetitions in the initialstudy phase between one and eight. Predictions of the dual-memory model for the testing effectwere used as a reference for inference. Results support the hypothesis that the advantage oftesting over restudy is independent of the degree of prior learning. Those results can serve toconstrain future theory development, and they suggest that educators can apply cued-recalltesting with the expectation that its efficacy is similar across varying levels of prior contentknowledge.

Hand gesture recognition via image processing techniques and deep CNN

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 4405-4418
Author(s):  
Yao-Liang Chung ◽  
Hung-Yuan Chung ◽  
Wei-Feng Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Recognition Rate ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Hand Gestures ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Deep Cnn ◽  
Hand Region

In the present study, we sought to enable instant tracking of the hand region as a region of interest (ROI) within the image range of a webcam, while also identifying specific hand gestures to facilitate the control of home appliances in smart homes or issuing of commands to human-computer interaction fields. To accomplish this objective, we first applied skin color detection and noise processing to remove unnecessary background information from the captured image, before applying background subtraction for detection of the ROI. Then, to prevent background objects or noise from influencing the ROI, we utilized the kernelized correlation filters (KCF) algorithm to implement tracking of the detected ROI. Next, the size of the ROI image was resized to 100×120 and input into a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) to enable the identification of various hand gestures. In the present study, two deep CNN architectures modified from the AlexNet CNN and VGGNet CNN, respectively, were developed by substantially reducing the number of network parameters used and appropriately adjusting internal network configuration settings. Then, the tracking and recognition process described above was continuously repeated to achieve immediate effect, with the execution of the system continuing until the hand is removed from the camera range. The results indicated excellent performance by both of the proposed deep CNN architectures. In particular, the modified version of the VGGNet CNN achieved better performance with a recognition rate of 99.90% for the utilized training data set and a recognition rate of 95.61% for the utilized test data set, which indicate the good feasibility of the system for practical applications.

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