scholarly journals From heavy cannabis use to psychosis: is it time to take action?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
L. Johnson-Ferguson ◽  
M. Di Forti
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Recreational Drugs ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Primary And Secondary Prevention ◽  
The Impact

Cannabis is one of the most widely used recreational drugs among people with clinical psychosis, after nicotine and alcohol. There has been a debate in psychiatry about whether or not we can infer a cause-and-effect relationship between the use of cannabis and psychotic disorders. In this editorial, we first present and critically discuss the evidence to date of the association between heavy cannabis use and psychosis. We argue that while the biological mechanisms underlying individual susceptibility to develop a psychotic disorder following heavy cannabis use are still unknown, heavy cannabis use remains the most modifiable risk factor for the onset of psychotic disorders and for its clinical and functional outcome. This demands a clear move towards both primary and secondary prevention intervention to reduce the impact of heavy cannabis use on the incidence and prevalence of psychotic disorders.

A systematic review of longitudinal studies investigating the impact of cannabis use in patients with psychotic disorders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Athanassiou ◽  
Alexandre Dumais ◽  
Gismonde Gnanhoue ◽  
Amal Abdel-Baki ◽  
Didier Jutras-Aswad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Dissection of neuroinflammation in schizophrenia

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S274-S275
Author(s):  
Fizah Muratib ◽  
Yuya Mizuno ◽  
Ines Carreira Figueiredo ◽  
Oliver Howes ◽  
Tiago Reis Marques
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Regions Of Interest ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
The Brain

AimsSchizophrenia is notoriously becoming one of the world's most debilitating mental disorders, affecting 1 in 100 people. There is increasing evidence that neuroinflammation plays a part in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders; microglial activity acting as a marker for neuroinflammatory reactions in the brain. Furthermore, cannabis is an illicit substance that also evokes a similar response in the neuroimmune activity. This project explores how cannabis exposure influences an elevation in neuroinflammatory responses through TSPO levels, and whether this information can help us determine if cannabis use and increased TSPO levels can be associated with a risk factor for developing psychosis.Method55 participants (36 males and 19 females) were recruited from the community by the IRIS (Inflammatory Reaction in Schizophrenia) team at the IoPPN, King's College London, from which 34 patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and 21 healthy controls took part in the study. The eligible participants underwent clinical assessments and PET scanning, from which cannabis use history and PET data were collected. Participant neuroinflammatory levels are represented by [18F]DPA-714 volume and different regions of grey matter in the brain were analysed through multivariate analyses, the confounding variables being age and TSPO genotype.ResultA statistically significant association is shown between participants who have had exposure to cannabis and participants who have not had any exposure in their lifetime. The differences across the prioritised brain regions of interest were robust, the association appearing more apparent and statistically significant in the total (p = .00) and temporal grey matter (p = .00) regions of the brain. This may suggest that cannabis exposure influences the [18F]DPA-714 VT in the significant regions of interest. However, a negative association is seen with current use, the quantity of use, and the frequency of use.ConclusionThe initial findings for cannabis exposure show us a positive association with increased TSPO levels, however, limitations must be taken into account. Although we cannot readily establish that elevated TSPO levels in cannabis users can presently act as a risk factor marker for developing psychosis from this particular study, we can utilise this data to continue our research in disclosing a new system to predict the occurrence of psychosis.

scholarly journals S131. NEIGHBOURHOOD-LEVEL SOCIAL CAPITAL, MARGINALIZATION, AND THE INCIDENCE OF PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS IN TORONTO, CANADA: A RETROSPECTIVE POPULATION-BASED COHORT STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S85-S85
Author(s):  
Martin Rotenberg ◽  
Andrew Tuck ◽  
Kelly Anderson ◽  
Kwame McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Ethnic Concentration ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Neighbourhood Level ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Previous studies have shown mixed results regarding the relationship between social capital and the risk of developing a psychotic disorder, and this has yet to be studied in North America. This study aims to examine the relationship between neighbourhood-level social capital, marginalization, and the incidence of psychotic disorders in Toronto, Canada. Methods A retrospective cohort of people aged 14 to 40 years residing in Toronto, Canada in 1999 (followed to 2008) was constructed from population-based health administrative data. Incident cases of schizophrenia spectrum psychotic disorders were identified using a validated algorithm. Voter participation rates in a municipal election were used as a proxy neighbourhood-level indicator of social capital. Exposure to neighbourhood-level marginalization was obtained from the Ontario Marginalization Index. Poisson regression models adjusting for age and sex were used to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRR) for each social capital quintiles and marginalization quintile. Results In the study cohort (n = 640,000) over the 10-year follow-up period, we identified 4,841 incident cases of schizophrenia spectrum psychotic disorders. We observed elevated rates of psychotic disorders in areas with the highest levels (IRR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.00–1.27) and moderate levels (IRR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.12–1.36) of social capital, when compared to areas with the lowest levels of social capital, after adjusting for neighbourhood-level indicators of marginalization. The risk associated with social capital was not present when analyzed in only the females in the cohort. All neighbourhood marginalization indicators, other than ethnic concentration, were significantly associated with risk. Discussion The risk of developing a psychotic disorder in Toronto, Canada is associated with socioenvironmental exposures. Social capital is associated with risk, however, the impact of social capital on risk differs by sex and social capital quintile. Across the entire cohort, exposure to all neighbourhood-level marginalization indicators, except ethnic concentration, impacts risk. Future research should examine how known individual-level risk factors, including immigration, ethnicity, and family history of a mental disorder may interact with these findings.

Primary and secondary prevention strategies to reduce the impact of lung cancer in women: where are we now and where are we going?

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 340
Author(s):  
Adrián González-Marrón ◽  
Juan Carlos Martín-Sánchez ◽  
Nuria Matilla-Santander ◽  
Àurea Cartanyà-Hueso ◽  
Jose M. Martínez-Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Primary And Secondary Prevention ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Matematics model in the prediction of hyperlipidemia's influence on the thickness of intima-media complex of A. Carotis communis as the index of atherosclerosis

2002 ◽  
Vol 130 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 301-305
Author(s):  
Marija Nedeljkovic ◽  
Branko Petrovic ◽  
Dragan Djuric
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Mathematics Model ◽  
Primary And Secondary Prevention ◽  
Prevention Of Atherosclerosis

This is statistically important connection between IMT and hyperlipidemia The importance of hypercholesterolemia is the highest at the persons younger than 55. Hypercholesterolemia is considered to be the only reversible risk factor for them. Therefore, dietetic and medical treatment are of basic importance in the primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerosis. For that reason we are of the opinion that our mathematics model can be noteworthy if estimate the effects of primary and secondary prevention.

scholarly journals Diets, Foods and Food Components’ Effect on Dyslipidemia

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 741
Author(s):  
Federica Fogacci ◽  
Claudio Borghi ◽  
Arrigo F. G. Cicero
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Primary And Secondary Prevention ◽  
Food Components

Hypercholesterolemia is a well-known independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and a recognized target of pharmacological therapeutic agents in both primary and secondary prevention [...]

scholarly journals Evidence that the presence of psychosis in non-psychotic disorder is environment-dependent and mediated by severity of non-psychotic psychopathology

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 2389-2401 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Guloksuz ◽  
M. van Nierop ◽  
R. Lieb ◽  
R. van Winkel ◽  
H.-U. Wittchen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Contrast Ratio ◽  
Environmental Exposures ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Relational Model ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Help Seeking Behaviour

BackgroundEvidence suggests that in affective, non-psychotic disorders: (i) environmental exposures increase risk of subthreshold psychotic experiences (PEs) and strengthen connectivity between domains of affective and subthreshold psychotic psychopathology; and (ii) PEs are a marker of illness severity.MethodIn 3021 adolescents from the Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology cohort, we tested whether the association between PEs and presence of DSM-IV mood disorder (MD)/obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) would be moderated by risk factors for psychosis (cannabis use, childhood trauma and urbanicity), using the interaction contrast ratio (ICR) method. Furthermore, we analysed whether the interaction between environment and PEs was mediated by non-psychotic psychopathology.ResultsThe association between PEs and MD/OCD was moderated by urbanicity (ICR = 2.46, p = 0.005), cannabis use (ICR = 3.76, p = 0.010) and, suggestively, trauma (ICR = 1.91, p = 0.063). Exposure to more than one environmental risk factor increased the likelihood of co-expression of PEs in a dose–response fashion. Moderating effects of environmental exposures were largely mediated by the severity of general non-psychotic psychopathology (percentage explained 56–68%, all p < 0.001). Within individuals with MD/OCD, the association between PEs and help-seeking behaviour, as an index of severity, was moderated by trauma (ICR = 1.87, p = 0.009) and urbanicity (ICR = 1.48, p = 0.005), but not by cannabis use.ConclusionsIn non-psychotic disorder, environmental factors increase the likelihood of psychosis admixture and help-seeking behaviour through an increase in general psychopathology. The findings are compatible with a relational model of psychopathology in which more severe clinical states are the result of environment-induced disturbances spreading through a psychopathology network.

scholarly journals Cannabis and psychosis: the impact of polydrug use

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-194
Author(s):  
Mark Shevlin ◽  
Eoin McElroy ◽  
Jamie Murphy ◽  
Philip Hyland ◽  
Frédérique Vallieres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Parental History ◽  
Polydrug Use ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose While research has consistently identified an association between cannabis use and psychosis, few studies have examined this relationship in a polydrug context (i.e. combining cannabis with other illicit substances). The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach The present study sought to examine the association between recreational drug use (cannabis only vs polydrug) and psychotic disorders. Analysis was conducted on a large, representative survey of young Danish people aged 24 (n=4,718). Participants completed self-report measures of lifetime drug use and this information was linked to the Danish psychiatric registry system. Findings Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between drug use (no drug use, cannabis only, cannabis and other drug) and ICD-10 psychotic disorders, while controlling for gender and parental history of psychosis. Compared with no drug use, the use of cannabis only did not increase the risk of psychosis while the odds ratio for cannabis and other drug were statistically significant. Research limitations/implications Psychosis risk may be associated with the cumulative effect of polydrug use. Practical implications Cannabis use may be a proxy for other drug use in research studies. Originality/value This study is innovative as it uses linked self-report and administrative data for a large sample. Administrative data were used to as an objective mental health status indicator.

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