GENDER EQUALITY AND RELIGIOUS LAW: THE ORDINATION OF WOMEN AS RABBIS IN THE CONSERVATIVE MOVEMENT AS A CASE STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-277
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Bloch
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Religious Tradition ◽  
Legal Tradition ◽  
Conservative Movement ◽  
Gender Egalitarianism ◽  
Religious Law ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Ordination Of Women ◽  
And Gender

AbstractThis article explores one tumultuous encounter between a religious legal tradition and the modern principle of equality—an encounter that also has the potential to shed light on a much wider cluster of questions. The author tracks the ways that the responsa written by prominent Conservative rabbis on the subject of female rabbinic ordination and gender equality implicitly (but unambiguously) reflect the push toward increased equality that weighed on the movement's trajectory, showing that the debate about the ordination of female rabbis reveals two principal trends in Conservative legal rulings, which differ in their responses to the challenge of egalitarianism and their visions of the law, and notes two outlier responsa that cannot be neatly classified within either trend. The author then examines the deep-seated historical, ideational, and sociological processes concurrent with the rise of what some have called the egalitarian age, which have produced these diverging responses and visions, and it determines an appropriate framework to understand them. The author shows that the fight for increased gender equality is situated within an intricate social context that imbues it with meaning and shapes its outcomes and modes of expression. In concluding, the author suggests applying the insights gained in the course of the analysis to other circumstances in which gender egalitarianism clashes with religious tradition. The framework by which the ordination of women in the Conservative movement is analyzed also proves useful, mutatis mutandis, in understanding and comparing the responses of other faith communities as they deal with challenges caused by the egalitarian age.

scholarly journals Equality Plans and Gender Perception in University Students

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-52
Author(s):  
Isabel Pla-Julián ◽  
Jose-Luis Díez
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Student Body ◽  
University System ◽  
Gender Perceptions ◽  
Gender Perception ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Despite the growing interest in the subject, the gender perceptions in the context of university studies have not been sufficiently studied so far. In this contribution, what is being proposed is a practical approach in the Spanish university system assessing the progress regarding the perception of equality among students receiving training on gender perspective in the framework of an Equality Plan. For this purpose, a case study was designed by assessing the progress as regards equality perceptions in the student body of the Universidad de Valencia Estudio General (UVEG). 338 students in grades filled out questionnaires on gender both before (225) and after (113) receiving a course in gender training. Results show Equality Plans with gender training significantly improves gender perception in university students. Academic institutions can play an essential role in ensuring developing Equality Plans with initiatives in education concerning gender equality.

Navigating State, Religion and Gender: A Case Study of ABAAD’s Gender Activism in Lebanon

Politeia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda Elisabeth Bartelink ◽  
Elisabet Le Roux
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
Doing Gender ◽  
Syrian Refugees ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Religious Law ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

This article examines the work of ABAAD so as to explore the complexities of doing gender activism in a country ruled by both the state and religious law. The work of this non-faith, non-political organisation allows for such an exploration within postcolonial settings where religious law has tremendous influence. In keeping with the scholarly debate on how contestations around gender and sexuality often play out where religious and secular matters intersect, we find it both relevant and important to consider the responses of ABAAD’s gender activism in the context of Lebanon. We draw on the case of ABAAD to explore how “transformational approaches” propose to achieve gender equality and prevent gender-based violence through transforming patriarchal structures. We demonstrate that such “transformational approaches” require active yet careful engagement with religion through long-term dialogue and exchange. In the wake of the influx of Syrian refugees into Lebanon, interventions tend to focus on responding to the increase in gender-based violence in refugee communities. While such responses are urgent, necessary and important, we argue that they also include a shift from “transformational approaches” to “gendered humanitarianisms,” which can hinder change in underlying discriminatory structures.

Gender equality and work–family conflict from a cross-national perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 385-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayle Kaufman ◽  
Hiromi Taniguchi
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Ideology ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Work Family Conflict ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Gender Egalitarianism ◽  
Country Level ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Work Family ◽  
The Individual

This study examines the relationship between gender ideology at the individual level, gender equality at the country level, and women and men’s experiences of work interference with family (WIF) and family interference with work (FIW). We use data from the 2012 International Social Survey Programme as well as the 2011 to 2015 Human Development Reports. Our sample consists of 24,547 respondents from 37 countries. Based on multilevel mixed-effects logistic models, we find that women are more likely than men to experience WIF and FIW. At the individual level, traditional gender ideology positively predicts WIF and FIW. Women and men who reside in more gender-unequal countries have a higher likelihood of FIW while men in these contexts also are more likely to experience WIF. Societal gender inequality is more consequential for those who hold less traditional gender ideology. In conclusion, gender egalitarianism at the individual level and gender equality at the country level are both associated with less WIF and FIW. Policies that seek to address work–family balance should incorporate measures to promote gender equality.

scholarly journals “Aliansi Laki-Laki Baru”: The Role of Social Media in Promoting Gender Equality in Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-132
Author(s):  
Eni Maryani ◽  
Preciosa Alnashava Janitra ◽  
Detta Rahmawan
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
United Nations Development Program ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Nations Development ◽  
Men’S Involvement

A report from the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) in 2016 says that Indonesia is still struggling to close its gender equality gap. However, looking at the development of internet usage and the penetration of social media in Indonesia, it can be said that Indonesia has the opportunity to utilize social media to address various gender issues. This article uses a case study to explore and analyze the way “Aliansi Laki-Laki Baru” (ALLB) or “New Men’s Alliance”, a form of activism which emphasizes the importance of men's involvement in fighting for gender equality, utilizes social media to promote their ideas. As a social movement, ALLB consistently use social media to reach their audiences, engage their partners, and creating a sense of community. They focus in promoting mutual relationships between men and women and the importance of men’s involvement to support gender equality. The study on men’s involvement in promoting the agenda of feminism and gender issues is critical, yet there are still few studies in the context of Indonesia. This study shows that through ALLB, advocacy on gender issues has undergone a fundamental change that does not make women as the main focus but rather on men, and their role to fight for gender equality and justice for women.

Promising Nordic practices in gender equality promotion: Developing teacher education dialogue, practice, and policy cycles on-line

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 605-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Adán Cardona López ◽  
Ole Bredesen Nordfjell ◽  
Firouz Gaini ◽  
Mervi Heikkinen
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Equal Treatment ◽  
Promising Practices ◽  
Education Development ◽  
On Line ◽  
Policy Cycles ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Network Project

This case study examines a Nordic on-line course on gender equality promotion in education, in which principals, teachers, school staff and gender equality activists engaged in dialogue regarding contents and practices. The on-line course was designed with reference to promising practices identified in a previous Nordic network project. The article considers challenges appearing across localities in relation to diversity, in gender equality promotion practices, policies and pedagogies. Digitalisation enables educational collaboration among teacher education institutions between the distant Nordic countries and facilitates the dissemination of Nordic education and the gender equality model, but this raises questions about whether these forms of education and equality are globally ‘branded’; and whether an intersectional gender equality promotion approach can be contextually and locally specific. This paper focuses on the contradictions of gender/sex binary concepts impairing understandings of diversity, sexuality and identity, the consequences of the emergence of scepticism toward practice standardisation, discrepancies between norms of equal treatment and critical reflection, and the development of citizen-based actions initiating policy changes. It is shown that the results of the project will benefit Nordic collaboration on teacher education development.

scholarly journals Creating the Ideal Community as A Root of Fethullah Gulen’s View on Gender Equality

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-233
Author(s):  
Akhmad Rizqon Khamami
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Women's Rights ◽  
Gender Relations ◽  
Women’S Rights ◽  
Conservative Movement ◽  
Islamic Movement ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
Progressive Islam

Abstract: This article discusses the roots of Gulen's view on gender equality and its roles within the movement, which constitutes an example of an Islamic movement that can adapt in the contemporary era and becomes progressive Islam. Conversely, Gulen’s view on gender belongs to the conservative movement. By employing functionalism, this article tries to seek and delve into the theme. It further argues that the movements' mission to create “the ideal community” is the driving ideology on gender relations. Examining some important scholarly findings on the movement and works by its founder Fethullah Gulen, the women’s position is unequally subordinated to that of men, as their initial functions to obey their husbands and to maintain family’s honor. Importantly, their role is limited to educate their children to deliver "the next golden generation”. Thus, it is reasonably true that Gulen’s view on women’s rights and gender relations is envisioned along with the movement's mission to transform the society towards the ideal community that in turn sacrifices women’s freedom and liberty.الملخص: يناقش هذا المقال أفكار كولن حول العلاقات بين الجنسين. السؤال في هذا المقال ، ما هي جذور الفكرة بين الجنسين عند كولن؟ يفترض المؤلف أن فكرة كولن تم تطويرها من طموحات كولن لإنشاء مجتمع مثالي. أنطلاقا منها، يتم إعطاء المرأة وظيفة لتعليم الأطفال ، وطاعة لزوجها ، والحفاظ على الشرف ، وتكون على استعداد لتكون تابعة للرجال في الأسرة والمجتمع. يضع كولن النساء كأول معلمات لأطفالهنّ وتم تكليفهن بتربيتهم ليكونوا جيلا ذهبيّا في  المستقبل. أعرب كولن عن حقوق المرأة والعلاقات بين الجنسين من أجل التحول الاجتماعي إلى مجتمع مثالي. ومن أجل تكوين هذا المجتمع المثالي فتكاليفه هي تخضع النساء تحت الرجال.Abstrak: Artikel ini mengupas akar pemikiran Gulen tentang persamaan gender dan peran perempuan di tengah-tengah gerakan Gulen. Sejauh ini gerakan Gulen merupakan sebuah contoh gerakan Islam yang mampu beradaptasi dengan perkembangan dunia kontemporer dan dianggap sebagai gerakan Islam progresif. Akan tetapi, pandangan Gulen tentang gender justru merefleksikan warna konservatif. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan fungsionalisme, artikel ini berupaya menggali dan mengupas persoalan akademik tersebut. Artikel ini mengungkapkan bahwa misi gerakan Gulen dalam menciptakan “masyarakat ideal” merupakan ideologi pendorong atas warna pandangan Gulen tentang hubungan gender dan peran perempuan. Sejumlah temuan tentang gerakan dan dari karya-karya Gulen mengungkapkan bahwa di mata Gulen posisi perempuan berada di bawah laki-laki dengan fungsi untuk mematuhi suami dan menjaga kehormatan keluarga. Peran perempuan dibatasi pada mendidik anak-anak mereka agar menjadi “generasi emas”. Karena itu, pandangan Gulen tentang relasi gender dan hak perempuan memperoleh bentuk senada dengan misi gerakan ini yang ingin mengubah masyarakat menjadi sebuah masyarakat ideal meskipun pada gilirannya harus mengorbankan kebebasan perempuan.

scholarly journals Pathways toward Change: Ideologies and Gender Equality in a Silicon Valley Technology Company

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison T. Wynn
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Silicon Valley ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Top Executives ◽  
Diversity Programs ◽  
And Gender ◽  
High Level ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Change Efforts

Companies have devoted significant resources to diversity programs, yet such programs are often largely ineffective. Cultivating an organizational commitment to diversity is critical, but scholars lack a clear understanding of how top executives conceptualize change. In this article, I analyze data from a year-long case study of a Silicon Valley technology company implementing a gender equality initiative. The data include 50 in-depth interviews and observation of 80 executive meetings. I pay special attention to longitudinal interviews with 19 high-level executives and explore how their ideologies about inequality affected their change efforts. I find that executives tend to favor individualistic and societal explanations of gender differences and inequality, and these explanations correspond with change efforts focused mainly on altering individuals or affecting external communities. Executives rarely engaged in attempts to change the organization structurally. Thus, the implementation of gender equality remains limited by top executives’ ideas and assumptions about the sources of inequality.

scholarly journals Observational Evidence of the Need for Gender-Sensitive Approaches to Wildfires Locally and Globally: Case Study of 2018 Wildfire in Mati, Greece

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1556
Author(s):  
Anastasia Zabaniotou ◽  
Anastasia Pritsa ◽  
E-A Kyriakou
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Fire Management ◽  
Ecological Resilience ◽  
Fundamental Aspect ◽  
Case Study Methodology ◽  
Instrumental Case Study ◽  
Study Methodology ◽  
And Gender ◽  
In Fire

The study takes an equality justice perspective to compare resilience against the controlled management of wildfires, for an effective preparedness, which is a prerequisite for equitable mitigation. The objectives were (a) conceptualizing wildfire mitigation by exploring the ties with gender equality to wildfire hazards, (b) taking the case of wildfire 2018 in Mati, Greece, to contribute reducing the country’s gender inequality, and (c) increasing resilience to climate change hazards by considering lessons learnt. The authors underscore the benefits of a workshop-based and instrumental case study methodology for unravelling evidence on the need for gender-sensitive approaches and tools for future planning at local, regional, and global scales. The case study unravels women’s lack of preparedness to wildfires in Greece, their absence in decision-making for fire management, and the need for capacity building to transform communities’ resilience. The literature research and the specific interviews conducted helped bring awareness to the wildfire’s dynamics, in alignment with the fundamental aspect of gender equality, and to ground recommendations for socio-ecological resilience transition and gender-sensitive approaches in fire management, from reactive fire-fighting to proactive integration. Although in the geographical-context, the study can bring widespread geographical awareness, bringing insights for relevance to similar areas worldwide.

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