scholarly journals Mannoheptulose has differential effects on fasting and postprandial energy expenditure and respiratory quotient in adult Beagle dogs fed diets of different macronutrient contents

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie L. McKnight ◽  
Elizabeth A. Flickinger ◽  
James France ◽  
Gary M. Davenport ◽  
Anna K. Shoveller
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Respiratory Quotient ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Latin Squares ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Glycaemic Response ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Dietary Treatments

AbstractThe present study aimed to determine the effects of mannoheptulose (MH) (8 mg/kg) on energy expenditure (EE), respiratory quotient (RQ) and glycaemic response in healthy adult Beagle dogs (n 8; 9·62 (sem 0·31) kg; body condition score 4·5). The study was designed as replicated 4 × 4 Latin squares with a 2 × 2 factorial treatment structure. The dietary treatments were low carbohydrate (CHO) relative to fat diet (LC; 31 % CHO, 28 % fat) with placebo (0 mg/kg) or MH supplement and high CHO relative to fat diet (HC; 54 % CHO, 11 % fat) with placebo (0 mg/kg) or MH supplement. Dogs were fed to maintain body weight (HC and HC+MH 3625 (sem 295) kJ and LC and LC+MH 3542 (sem 284) kJ). Resting and postprandial (0–4 h; 5–10 h; 11–17 h; 18–23 h) EE and RQ were determined by indirect calorimetry (days 12 or 14). Glycaemic response to a meal (24 h) and plasma MH concentrations were determined on days 12 or 14. Plasma MH followed first-order kinetics, confirming that MH is absorbed and available to the animal. In the presence of high dietary CHO, MH increased postprandial EE (5–10 h only), suggesting MH increased dietary induced thermogenesis. In contrast to earlier reports, MH did not affect serum glucose or insulin in the present study. Irrespective of MH, dogs adapted RQ to diet composition and dogs consuming the LC diet had a greater incremental AUC for glucose, but not insulin, than dogs consuming the HC diet.

Impact of time-limited feeding and dietary carbohydrate content on weight loss in group-housed cats

2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 349-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn E. Michel ◽  
Amy Bader ◽  
Frances S. Shofer ◽  
Claudia Barbera ◽  
Donna A. Oakley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Dietary Carbohydrate ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Adult Cats ◽  
High Calorie

Twenty-four adult cats were transitioned to time-limited feeding and randomized to either a dry low carbohydrate diet (LC) or a dry reduced energy diet (HC). In Trial 1 the LC and HC groups received equal amounts of food (by weight) for 13 weeks. Both groups consumed all food offered, hence the LC group received more energy/day than the HC group. In Trial 2 all cats were fed the LC diet for 12 weeks, but each group received the energy that the opposite group had received in Trial 1. In Trial 1 only the overweight HC cats (body condition score>6/9) experienced a significant change in body weight (−0.52±0.08 kg). In Trial 2, LC/Low Calorie overweight cats lost 0.62±0.10 kg, whereas, the LC/High Calorie normal weight cats gained 0.68±0.05 kg. In conclusion, body condition and energy intake but not type of diet influenced weight in this cohort of group-housed cats.

scholarly journals Effects of chestnut tannins supplementation of prepartum moderate yielding dairy cows on metabolic health, antioxidant and colostrum indices

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Radiša Prodanović ◽  
Sreten Nedić ◽  
Predrag Simeunović ◽  
Sunčica Borozan ◽  
Svetlana Nedić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Paraoxonase 1 ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Feeding Regimen ◽  
Serum Paraoxonase

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with chestnut tannins (CNT) on metabolic and antioxidant status of prepartum cows along with their colostrum quality. Pregnant multiparous Holstein cows were paired according to parity and body condition score, and assigned either to a diet supplemented with 20 g/d of commercially available product containing chestnut tannins (CNT, n=20) or to an unsupplemented control diet (CON, n=20) for the last 25±2 d of pregnancy. Serum metabolite, insulin and antioxidant capacity indices were measured in blood samples taken at d 25 and d 5 before expected parturition. Chemical composition and IgG concentration were determined in colostrum samples collected from the first milking postpartum. The addition of CNT led to lower BUN (P=0.02) and consequently higher serum glucose (P=0.02) and insulin (P<0.01) concentrations which were associated with lower circulating NEFA (P<0.01) and BHBA (P<0.01) in CNT group than those of CON. The serum paraoxonase 1 (PON 1) activity and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) were higher at -5 d in CNT than in CON (P<0.01, P=0.03; respectively). Close-up CNT improved lactose percentage and IgG concentration (P=0.03, P=0.04; respectively) and tended to improve percentage of protein and SNF (Solid Not Fat) in primary colostrum (P=0.06, respectively), without affecting colostrum fat and total solid (P=0.98, P=0.43; respectively). Supplementation of CNT in the diet during close-up period did not have adverse effects on metabolic profiles prepartum. Instead, this feeding regimen was more beneficial to antioxidant capacity and colostrum quality than feeding the control diet.

scholarly journals Short communication: Influence of subclinical endometritis on the reproductive performance of dairy cows

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. e05SC02 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica Barrio ◽  
Marcos Vigo ◽  
Luis A. Quintela ◽  
Juan J. Becerra ◽  
Pedro J. García-Herradón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Subclinical Endometritis

<p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of subclinical endometritis (SE) on the reproductive performance of dairy cows. Ninety-four dairy cows of parity 1 to 8, distributed in 25 herds, were examined once between 30 and 45 days in milk using transrectal palpation, vaginoscopy and ultrasonography. A cytological sample of the endometrium was taken only from cows with an apparent healthy uterus (n=65). Serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, total proteins, albumin, urea and hepatic enzymes were analyzed. Reproductive indexes were recorded during the next 11 months. Endometrial cytology was considered indicative of SE if percentage of polymorphonuclear neutrophils was superior to 5% of all cells present in the smear, except erythrocytes. Results indicated that 14.9% of the cows sampled for uterine cytology had SE, and that healthy cows become pregnant significantly before than those with SE (hazard ratio=2.35; 95% confidece interval: 1.05-5.3). From all the metabolic and productive variables analyzed, only triglycerides affected negatively to reproduction; serum albumin concentration, body condition score and milk production had positive effects on the reproductive performance. In conclusion, our results indicate that SE has a negative impact on reproductive performance and uterine cytology is necessary to diagnose it since almost 15% of the affected animals were not detected by other diagnosis methods.</p>

scholarly journals Effect of black ginseng and silkworm supplementation on obesity, the transcriptome, and the gut microbiome of diet-induced overweight dogs

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miey Park ◽  
Ki Hyun Kim ◽  
Varun Jaiswal ◽  
Jihee Choi ◽  
Ju Lan Chun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Control ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Black Ginseng ◽  
Differential Genes

AbstractLike humans, weight control in overweight dogs is associated with a longer life expectancy and a healthier life. Dietary supplements are one of the best strategies for controlling obesity and obesity-associated diseases. This study was conducted to assess the potential of black ginseng (BG) and silkworm (SW) as supplements for weight control in diet-induced overweight beagle dogs. To investigate the changes that occur in dogs administered the supplements, different obesity-related parameters, such as body condition score (BCS), blood fatty acid profile, transcriptome, and microbiome, were assessed in high energy diet (HD) and HD with BG + SW supplementation (HDT) groups of test animals. After 12 weeks of BG + SW supplementation, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were reduced in the HDT group. In the transcriptome analysis, nine genes (NUGGC, EFR3B, RTP4, ACAN, HOXC4, IL17RB, SOX13, SLC18A2, and SOX4) that are known to be associated with obesity were found to be differentially expressed between the ND (normal diet) and HD groups as well as the HD and HDT groups. Significant changes in some taxa were observed between the HD and ND groups. These data suggest that the BG + SW supplement could be developed as dietary interventions against diet-induced obesity, and obesity-related differential genes could be important candidates in the mechanism of the anti-obesity effects of the BG + SW supplement.

Grazed rain-fed small-grain cereals as a forage option for small-scale dairy systems in central Mexico

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Israel Vega-García ◽  
Felipe López-González ◽  
Ernesto Morales-Almaraz ◽  
Carlos Manuel Arriaga-Jordán
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Latin Squares ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Sward Height ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Dairy Systems ◽  
Small Scale Dairy

Abstract Small-scale dairy systems face reduced availability of water for irrigation of pastures and disruption in the amount or pattern of rains due to climate change, so research on alternative short-cycle rain-fed forages is needed. Grazing reduces feeding costs and small-grain cereals may be an option. The objective was to assess on-farm the performance of dairy cows grazing 6 h/d of three small-grain cereals: rye (RYE), wheat (WHT), and triticale (TRT), and supplemented 4.5 kg DM/cow/d of concentrate. Twelve Holstein cows were used in repeated 3x3 Latin Squares with 14-day experimental periods. Pasture variables were analysed with a split-plot design, and economic analysis was performed with partial budgets. Sampling of forage (sward height, net herbage accumulation, botanical and chemical composition of herbage) and animal variables (milk yield and composition, live weight, and body condition score) were at the end of each period. RYE showed a trend (P = 0.10) for higher net herbage accumulation with highly significant differences (P < 0.001) among periods. RYE had higher DM, a lower CP content (P < 0.05) and no differences for other chemical components between treatments (P > 0.05). RYE proportion in pasture was consistently higher, whilst the lowest cereal proportion was in WHT. There were no differences (P > 0.05) for any animal variable. The RYE and TRT treatments proved useful as rain-fed forage alternatives under grazing. WHT showed lower crop and economic performance. However given the higher cereal component in pastures, regrowth potential, post-grazing herbage mass, as well as better economic performance, the RYE treatment was better ranked by the participating farmer.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBERIAN RANSUM BERBAGAI KUALITAS PADA PRODUKSI AIR SUSU PERANAKAN SAPI PERAH FRIESIAN HOLSTEIN DI KABUPATEN SLEMAN YOGYAKARTA

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supriadi , ◽  
Erna Winarti ◽  
Agus Sancaya
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Financial Efficiency ◽  
Feed Supplements ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Group A ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dietary Treatments

<p>Effect of Feeding Ratio with Various Quality on Milk Production of Friesian Holstein Crossbred Cattle in Sleman District of Yogyakarta. The research was conducted from July to October 2013 at the District Integrated Services Unit – Development Unit for Seeds and Feed of Livestocks and Animals Diagnostic under the Sleman Agricultural Agency of Yogyakarta Province. Total of 16 cows on the 2nd or 3rd lactating periods were divided into 3 groups of dietary treatments including a group as the control treatment. Dietary treatments were various feed supplements in the protein contains of (A) 15%, (B) 13% and (C) 12% with energies of (A) 255 cal/100gr, (B) 261 cal /100gr and (C) 274 cal/100gr respectively. The control treatment was local feed product with 12% of crude protein. The mixture of young corn forage and king grass was provided ad libitum as well as water. The result showed that the milk production of treatments group had no differences (p&gt;0.05) from the control group’s. However the average production of milk of group C was higher than group A and B, while the lowest production was from the control group. The milk production of cows of treated groups increased up to 18%. The financial efficiency of feed were IDR3.000 (group A), IDR4.000 (group B) and IDR5.000 (group C). As a result, even the feed treatments have not increase the milk production yet, on the other hand the feed supplements could considerably maintain body condition score (BCS). </p><p>Keywords: Feed supplement, milk production, financial efficiency</p><p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Penelitian dilaksanakan bulan Juli sampai Oktober 2013 di Unit Pelayanan Terpadu Daerah – Balai Pengembangan Bibit Pakan Ternak dan Diagnostik Kehewanan (UPTD BPBPTDK) Dinas Pertanian Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Sebanyak 16 ekor sapi perah yang sedang laktasi ke 2 dan 3 dibagi ke dalam 3 kelompok perlakuan pakan dengan masing-masing kelompok terdiri dari 4 ekor ulangan. Kandungan protein kasar masing-masing perlakuan berkisar 15% (A); 13% (B); dan 12% (C) dengan kandungan energy 255 kal/100gr (A), 261 kal/100gr (B) dan 274 kal/100gr (C). Kontrol perlakuan berupa pakan konsentrat yang dibeli di pasar sekitar wilayah penelitian yang mengandung 12% protein kasar. Hijauan yang diberikan berupa tanaman jagung muda (tebon) dan rumput raja diberikan ad libitum begitu pula air minum. Hasil penelitian menunjukan rata–rata produksi air susu sapi penelitian berdasarkan analisis sidik ragam tidak ada perbedaan (P&gt;0,05) antara perlakuan dan kontrol. Perbandingan produksi air susu antara sebelum dan sesudah diperlakukan berdasarkan uji t menunjukkan perbedaan nyata. Produksi setelah perlakuan menunjukan kenaikan 18% lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan produksi sebelum perlakuan. Perhitungan<br />efisiensi harga pakan dalam satu kali pemberian per ekor per hari antara harga pakan kontrol dengan harga pakan 48 Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian, Vol. 20, No.1, Maret 2017: 47-58 perlakuan, lebih murah harga pakan perlakuan dengan selisih harga untuk masing-masing perlakuan adalah: perlakuan A (Rp3.000), perlakuan B (Rp4.000) dan perlakuan C (Rp5.000). Perlakuan pakan A, B dan C secara umum dapat<br />mempertahankan BCS (body condition score). Dengan demikian, formula pakan perlakuan dapat mempertahankan BCS, tetapi belum bisa meningkatkan jumlah produksi air susu selama laktasi.</p><p>Kata kunci: Konsentrat, produksi air susu, efisiensi</p>

scholarly journals Serum metabolites and body condition score associated with metritis, endometritis, ketosis, and mastitis in Holstein cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edir Torres ◽  
Miguel Mellado ◽  
Carlos Leyva ◽  
José Eduardo García ◽  
Francisco Gerardo Véliz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Serum Metabolites ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Condition Score

Abstract: The objective of this work was to identify the serum metabolites and the body condition score (BCS) of Holstein cows associated with the occurrence of periparturient diseases, when under heat stress. Blood samples were collected from 181 cows one week after calving, and the BCS was recorded at calving. Cows with β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) concentration ≥ 0.8 mmol L-1 were 2.2 times more likely to develop metritis and 4.4 times more likely to develop clinical endometritis (CE). Cows with serum creatinine levels ≥ 2.0 mg dL-1 showed 2.2 and 4.5 greater risk (p ≤ 0.05) of suffering from metritis and CE, respectively, during the current lactation. The odds of metritis and CE occurrence were 2.7 and 4.6 times greater (p < 0.01) in cows with serum total protein (TP) ≥ 5.0 mg dL-1. Cows with serum glucose levels ≤ 70 mg dL-1 and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) ≥ 0.5 had 9.4 and 8.8 times greater odds of developing clinical ketosis, respectively, than cows with lower glucose and NEFA blood levels. The strategic use of metabolic tests to monitor transition Holstein cows, aiming to prevent some postpartum diseases due to heat stress, should focus on blood BHBA, NEFAs, glucose, creatinine, and TP. Additionally, the BCS ≤ 3.2 should be avoided to prevent endometritis.

Effect of body condition score at calving and diet energy content post calving on the fertility of dairy cows during early and mid-lactation

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 55-55
Author(s):  
RA Law ◽  
FJ Young ◽  
DC Patterson ◽  
CS Mayne
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Delayed Puberty ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Poor Nutrition

Poor reproductive performance is a major problem when considering the sustainability of the modern high yielding dairy cow, with reproductive costs being estimated at £500 million per annum across UK dairy herds (Lamming et al., 1998). Armstrong et al., (2001) stated that poor nutrition causes delayed puberty, aberrant oestrous cycles, lowered conception rates and reduced calf birth weight. Excessive and prolonged negative energy balance (NEB) has, on numerous occasions, been suggested as a major contributor to poor fertility and subsequent increased culling rates. In the present study the effects of a range of dietary treatments on energy balance and reproductive performance were evaluated.

scholarly journals Blood Pressure, Serum Glucose, Cholesterol, and Triglycerides in Dogs with Different Body Scores

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro José Lahm Cardoso ◽  
Rafael Fagnani ◽  
Carolina Zaghi Cavalcante ◽  
Marcelo de Souza Zanutto ◽  
Ademir Zacarias Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Condition Score

The objective of this research was to determine the frequency for the occurrence of MS in dogs, using the criteria determined, and to correlate the criteria of dogs that would characterize the MS with different body condition score (BCS). 271 dogs with different body scores were studied, with 101 dogs with BCS 4-5; 101 dogs with BCS 6-7; and 69 dogs with BCS 8-9. Among the dogs studied, 62 (22,87%) had two or more inclusion criteria for MS. Of these, 28 had BCS 6-7, while 34 dogs had BCS 8-9. Therefore, 27,72% of overweight dogs had inclusion criteria for MS and 49,27% of obese ones had two or more inclusion criteria for MS. When only overweight and obese dogs were considered as a total population, it was observed that 36,47% got inclusion criteria for the MS. No dog with BCS 4-5 showed two or more inclusion criteria for MS. The metabolic syndrome, according to the parameters for inclusion defined in the literature, was observed in 22,87% of the animals studied and in 36% of dogs overweight or obese. Furthermore, MS was most common in obese (49%) compared to overweight dogs (27%).

scholarly journals 182 Influence of β-mannanase in the lactation diet on sow and litter performance and subsequent wean-to-service interval

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 106-106
Author(s):  
Emily K Bruder ◽  
Sara K Linneen ◽  
Gene G Gourley ◽  
Robert L Payne
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Lactation Length ◽  
Feed Control ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract β-mannans (β-galactomannans) are anti-nutritive fibers found in common feed ingredients, such as soybean meal and other vegetable proteins. If not controlled, these β-mannans cause unnecessary gut inflammation which diverts nutrients from production to maintenance. Hemicell® HT has been shown to breakdown β-mannans allowing energy and nutrients to be available for growth and performance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of β-mannanase (Hemicell® HT 1.5X) on sow and litter performance in a commercial farm. A total of 261 sows averaging 268 kg (± 91 kg) and 3.5 (± 2.3) average parity were randomly allotted to 1 of 2 lactation diets. Dietary treatments included: 1. Corn/soybean meal feed (control) and 2. Control + Hemicell® HT 1.5X (0.25 kg/ton inclusion). Treatments were initiated on d of farrowing and terminated at weaning. All data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design using Proc MIXED in SAS 9.4 (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC). Sow and litter served as the experimental unit, farrowing room as block, and lactation length as a covariate when significant (P ˂ 0.05). Results indicated no significant (P > 0.20) differences in sow BW or body condition score (BCS) prefarrowing, postfarrowing, or at weaning. Sows consuming Hemicell® HT 1.5 had significantly (1.43 vs. 1.55; P = 0.03) greater backfat thickness (BF) at weaning and tended (P = 0.10) to lose less weight (-18 vs. -15 kg) than those fed Control. Feed intake, BCS and BF change, and subsequent wean-to-service interval were similar (P > 0.41) for sows on both treatments. Litter ADG and wean weight were not different (P > 0.18). The results indicate that Hemicell® HT 1.5 improved body reserves at weaning when consumed through the lactation period, suggesting increased energy availability during this period, which could have positive implications on overall lifetime reproductive performance.

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