Effects of chestnut tannins supplementation of prepartum moderate yielding dairy cows on metabolic health, antioxidant and colostrum indices

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with chestnut tannins (CNT) on metabolic and antioxidant status of prepartum cows along with their colostrum quality. Pregnant multiparous Holstein cows were paired according to parity and body condition score, and assigned either to a diet supplemented with 20 g/d of commercially available product containing chestnut tannins (CNT, n=20) or to an unsupplemented control diet (CON, n=20) for the last 25±2 d of pregnancy. Serum metabolite, insulin and antioxidant capacity indices were measured in blood samples taken at d 25 and d 5 before expected parturition. Chemical composition and IgG concentration were determined in colostrum samples collected from the first milking postpartum. The addition of CNT led to lower BUN (P=0.02) and consequently higher serum glucose (P=0.02) and insulin (P<0.01) concentrations which were associated with lower circulating NEFA (P<0.01) and BHBA (P<0.01) in CNT group than those of CON. The serum paraoxonase 1 (PON 1) activity and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) were higher at -5 d in CNT than in CON (P<0.01, P=0.03; respectively). Close-up CNT improved lactose percentage and IgG concentration (P=0.03, P=0.04; respectively) and tended to improve percentage of protein and SNF (Solid Not Fat) in primary colostrum (P=0.06, respectively), without affecting colostrum fat and total solid (P=0.98, P=0.43; respectively). Supplementation of CNT in the diet during close-up period did not have adverse effects on metabolic profiles prepartum. Instead, this feeding regimen was more beneficial to antioxidant capacity and colostrum quality than feeding the control diet.

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The effects of dry period body condition score on some trace minerals, oxidative, and inflammatory indicators in transition dairy cows

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an18790 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 60 (3) ◽

pp. 363

Author(s):

Fatemeh Dehghan Shahreza ◽

Hesam A. Seifi ◽

Mehrdad Mohri

Keyword(s):

Body Condition ◽

Transition Period ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Body Condition Score ◽

Paraoxonase 1 ◽

Dry Period ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Condition Score ◽

Endogenous Antioxidant ◽

Serum Paraoxonase

Context Body condition score (BCS) management throughout the dry period to calving is one of the strategies that can ensure optimal overall health and high milk yield after parturition. Aim The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of BCS during the dry period on serum concentrations of some trace elements, oxidative, and inflammatory indices during the transition period of Holstein cows. Methods Fifty multiparous cows were classified based on their dry BCS (scale of 1 to 5) at the beginning of dry period as non-fat (NFC) (BCS <3.75; BCS minimum: 3; BCS maximum: 3.5, BCS means: 3.36; n = 25), and fat (FC) (BCS ≥ 3.75; BCS maximum: 4.25, means: 3.87; n = 25) groups, and received similar diet and kept under same management condition. Sampling was performed at 14 ± 2 days before expected calving date and 10, 20 and 30 days after calving. Key results FC had lower zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), and manganese (Mn) concentrations. Furthermore, iron (Fe) concentrations were significantly higher in FC in comparison with NFC –14 days before parturition. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and haptoglobin (Hp) elevated significantly in FC 20 days after calving, whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly higher in NFC on day 14 before calving. Its activities increased significantly in FC on day30thof lactation. In addition, the highest serum ferric reducing antioxidants power (FRAP) and copper (Cu) and the lowest serum paraoxonase 1(PON1) and iron (Fe) concentrations were observed on day 20th of lactation. Conclusion Serum Zn, Mn, and Cr amounts were significantly affected by BCS. Furthermore, fat cows had more extensively endogenous antioxidant and inflammatory responses. Implication Our data highlights the fact that although all cellular metabolic, oxidative and inflammatory processes varied at different times of transition period, fat cows are more susceptible to metabolic and health disorders than non-fat animals.

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Radioprotective and anti-diabetic effects of Costus speciosus and carnosine

Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.4314/tjpr.v19i1.19 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 121-127

Author(s):

Ebtisam A. Marzook ◽

Fawzy A. Marzook ◽

Ahmed E. Abd El Moneim

Keyword(s):

Gamma Radiation ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Serum Glucose ◽

Control Group ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Costus Speciosus ◽

Total Antioxidant

Purpose: To evaluate the possible radioprotective effect of Costus speciosus and carnosine as natural antioxidants in order to control the hyperglycemia developed in male albino rats exposed to acute oxidative stress induced by gamma radiation. Methods: Twenty-eight adult male albino rats were divided into four groups. The first group was taken as a control group, while the three other groups were exposed to Ɣ irradiation at a single 7.5 Gy dose. Furthermore, the rats in the second and third groups were i.p. injected with Costus speciosus root powder and carnosine, respectively. On the 3rd day, after irradiation, the serum levels of glucose, insulin, C peptide, copper, iron, calcium, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measureded. Results: The results revealed that exposure to Ɣ irradiation induced significant increases in serum glucose, iron, and malondialdehyde. However, the levels of serum calcium, copper, total antioxidant capacity and insulin significantly decreased (p < 0.05). A significant decrease was observed in Cpeptide in the exposed group, compared to control group. All the test parameters indicate improvement after treatment with Costus speciosus and carnosine (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Costus speciosus and carnosine ameliorate the effect of gamma radiation, indicating their role as antidiabetic agents and radioprotectors; however, Costus speciosus was critically more efficient than carnosine. Keywords: Costus speciosus, Carnosine, Diabetes, Insulin, Gamma radiation protection

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Effect of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) Pasture Grazing on Growth, Gastrointestinal Parasite Infection and Immune Response Biomarkers of Goat

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v10n1p27 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 27

Author(s):

Mulumebet Worku ◽

Sarah Adjei-Fremah ◽

Niki Whitley ◽

Louis Jackai

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Body Weight ◽

Blood Serum ◽

Body Condition Score ◽

Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽

Gut Health ◽

Fecal Egg Count ◽

Condition Score ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

Cowpea Varieties

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of grazing cowpea pastures on growth, parasite egg count and biomarkers of immune response in goats. Spanish and Savannah goats (n = 48) stratified by initial body weight (42.0±7.0 kg) and fecal egg count (FEC), were randomly assigned to three pasture forages (Cowpea varieties: Mississippi silver (MS), or Iron and Clay (IC) or Pearl millet (PM) as control with 4 replicates, for a 28-day feeding trial. Forage samples collected at the start of the study were analyzed for nutrients, chemical and polyphenols content. Body weight, body condition score, and fecal egg count were measured weekly. Blood was collected from goats on days 0 and 28 for PCV and white blood cell differential counts. The concentration of total proteins, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were evaluated in blood serum. Concentration of DNA isolated from fecal samples was used as a measure of gut health. Goats grazed on cowpea forage (MS and IC) had higher body weight (p = 0.01) compared to goats grazed on PM. Percent lymphocyte (p = 0.008) and neutrophil (p = 0.013) increased in MS fed goats. Goats grazed on MS pasture had decreased FEC (p = 0.03) also. Cowpea pasture grazing had no effect on serum protein concentration, PCV and BCS (p > 0.05), but decreased PGE2 concentration in serum. The concentration of TAC in serum, increased at day 28 (p < 0.05). The concentration of fecal microbial DNA decreased in all the treatment groups at day 28. Cowpea forage grazing had an impact on body weight, FEC, and blood serum parameters (PGE2, TAC) in goats. These results demonstrate that freshly grazed cowpea forage has potential impact and benefits on growth and health of goats. Integrating cowpea diet in goat feeding system may enhance growth performance, stimulate and prime the immune system for defense against gastrointestinal parasites.

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Mannoheptulose has differential effects on fasting and postprandial energy expenditure and respiratory quotient in adult Beagle dogs fed diets of different macronutrient contents

Journal of Nutritional Science ◽

10.1017/jns.2014.17 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Leslie L. McKnight ◽

Elizabeth A. Flickinger ◽

James France ◽

Gary M. Davenport ◽

Anna K. Shoveller

Keyword(s):

Energy Expenditure ◽

Respiratory Quotient ◽

Body Condition Score ◽

Latin Squares ◽

Serum Glucose ◽

Beagle Dogs ◽

Glycaemic Response ◽

Low Carbohydrate ◽

Condition Score ◽

Dietary Treatments

AbstractThe present study aimed to determine the effects of mannoheptulose (MH) (8 mg/kg) on energy expenditure (EE), respiratory quotient (RQ) and glycaemic response in healthy adult Beagle dogs (n 8; 9·62 (sem 0·31) kg; body condition score 4·5). The study was designed as replicated 4 × 4 Latin squares with a 2 × 2 factorial treatment structure. The dietary treatments were low carbohydrate (CHO) relative to fat diet (LC; 31 % CHO, 28 % fat) with placebo (0 mg/kg) or MH supplement and high CHO relative to fat diet (HC; 54 % CHO, 11 % fat) with placebo (0 mg/kg) or MH supplement. Dogs were fed to maintain body weight (HC and HC+MH 3625 (sem 295) kJ and LC and LC+MH 3542 (sem 284) kJ). Resting and postprandial (0–4 h; 5–10 h; 11–17 h; 18–23 h) EE and RQ were determined by indirect calorimetry (days 12 or 14). Glycaemic response to a meal (24 h) and plasma MH concentrations were determined on days 12 or 14. Plasma MH followed first-order kinetics, confirming that MH is absorbed and available to the animal. In the presence of high dietary CHO, MH increased postprandial EE (5–10 h only), suggesting MH increased dietary induced thermogenesis. In contrast to earlier reports, MH did not affect serum glucose or insulin in the present study. Irrespective of MH, dogs adapted RQ to diet composition and dogs consuming the LC diet had a greater incremental AUC for glucose, but not insulin, than dogs consuming the HC diet.

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Short communication: Influence of subclinical endometritis on the reproductive performance of dairy cows

Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.5424/sjar/2015134-8129 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. e05SC02 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mónica Barrio ◽

Marcos Vigo ◽

Luis A. Quintela ◽

Juan J. Becerra ◽

Pedro J. García-Herradón ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Reproductive Performance ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Body Condition Score ◽

Serum Glucose ◽

Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils ◽

Albumin Concentration ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Condition Score ◽

Subclinical Endometritis

<p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of subclinical endometritis (SE) on the reproductive performance of dairy cows. Ninety-four dairy cows of parity 1 to 8, distributed in 25 herds, were examined once between 30 and 45 days in milk using transrectal palpation, vaginoscopy and ultrasonography. A cytological sample of the endometrium was taken only from cows with an apparent healthy uterus (n=65). Serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, total proteins, albumin, urea and hepatic enzymes were analyzed. Reproductive indexes were recorded during the next 11 months. Endometrial cytology was considered indicative of SE if percentage of polymorphonuclear neutrophils was superior to 5% of all cells present in the smear, except erythrocytes. Results indicated that 14.9% of the cows sampled for uterine cytology had SE, and that healthy cows become pregnant significantly before than those with SE (hazard ratio=2.35; 95% confidece interval: 1.05-5.3). From all the metabolic and productive variables analyzed, only triglycerides affected negatively to reproduction; serum albumin concentration, body condition score and milk production had positive effects on the reproductive performance. In conclusion, our results indicate that SE has a negative impact on reproductive performance and uterine cytology is necessary to diagnose it since almost 15% of the affected animals were not detected by other diagnosis methods.</p>

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Adequate or elevated dietary folate does not ameliorate the reduced antioxidant capacity induced by vitamin B12 deficiency in aged rats

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000537 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 90 (3-4) ◽

pp. 239-248

Author(s):

Natalia Úbeda ◽

Teresa Partearroyo ◽

Gregorio Varela-Moreiras

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Control Diet ◽

Elevated Serum ◽

Control Group ◽

Vitamin B ◽

Aged Rats ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Deficient Diet ◽

Total Antioxidant

Abstract. Folate could have an antioxidant role but also may be detrimental under vitamin B12 deficiency. The aim was to investigate the effect of different dietary folic acid (FA) levels, on oxidative stress in B12 induced deficient aged rats. Thirty-five male aged Sprague–Dawley rats, were fed either a vitamin B12 deficient (n = 27) or a control diet (n = 8) during eight weeks. Then, animals were divided into four groups: B12 and FA deficient diet (DBDF), B12 deficient diet and FA control diet (DBCF), B12 deficient diet and FA supplemented diet (DBSF), and control diet (CBCF) for a 30 days period. Methionine metabolism and antioxidant status were evaluated. Both vitamins deficiencies elevated serum homocysteine (Hcy) (7.7 vs. 4.3 μmol/L, p < 0.05) and reduced S-adenosylmethionine hepatic content (283.7 vs. 581.9 μg/g protein, p < 0.05), the total antioxidant capacity (155.7 vs. 189.3 μmol/L, p < 0.05), glutathione (GSH) (120.5 vs. 419.9 μg/mg protein, p < 0.05) and oxidized glutathione (0.9 vs. 2.6 μg/mg protein, p < 0.05) compared to control. Activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase enzymes or damage to macromolecules were unaffected. Adequate or elevated dietary FA in B12 deficiency rats decreased Hcy (5.7 and 6.3 μmol/L, respectively) and increased total antioxidant capacity (189.8 and 192.6 μmol/L, respectively) to values similar to control group, whereas GSH concentration was significantly lower than control (209.1 and 208.0 μg/mg protein respectively, p < 0.05). In conclusion, in a vitamin B12 deficiency status, adequate or elevated FA prevented impairment in one-carbon metabolism, but does not fully reverse the decrease in antioxidant capacity.

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Acetaminophen intoxication is associated with decreased serum paraoxonase and arylesterase activities and increased lipid hydroperoxide levels

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1177/0960327113511477 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 33 (11) ◽

pp. 1134-1140 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S Karadas ◽

M Aslan ◽

H Gonullu ◽

C Kati ◽

L Duran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Lipid Hydroperoxide ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Paraoxonase 1 ◽

Pon1 Activity ◽

Toxicity Risk ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

Acetaminophen Intoxication ◽

Serum Paraoxonase ◽

Serum Pon1 Activity

Background: Acetaminophen is at present one of the most commonly used analgesics and antipyretics. Recent evidence has suggested that oxidative stress is involved in the mechanism of acetaminophen intoxication. Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) plays an important role as an endogenous free-radical scavenging molecule. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of serum PON1 activity and oxidative stress in patients with acetaminophen intoxication. Methods: A total of 20 patients with acetaminophen intoxication and 25 healthy controls were enrolled. Serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC), lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) levels, and paraoxonase and arylesterase activities were measured spectrophotometrically. Results: The serum TAC levels and the paraoxonase and arylesterase activities were significantly lower in patients with acetaminophen intoxication compared with controls (all, p < 0.001), while the serum LOOH levels were significantly higher ( p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our results suggest that decreased PON1 activity seems to be associated with increased oxidative stress in patients with acetaminophen intoxication. Measuring serum PON1 activity may be useful in assessing the development of toxicity risk in acetaminophen toxicity. It would be useful to recommend vitamins with antioxidant effects such as vitamins C and E along with medical treatments.

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Study of serum paraoxonase activity and total antioxidant capacity changes following recombinant erythropoietin injection in rat

Clinical Biochemistry ◽

10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.454 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 44 (13) ◽

pp. S177

Author(s):

Rashtchizadeh Nadereh ◽

Ghorbanihagjo Amir ◽

Hashemzadeh Jaber

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Recombinant Erythropoietin ◽

Paraoxonase Activity ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

Serum Paraoxonase

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A higher proportion of female lambs when ewes were fed oats and cottonseed meal prior to and following conception

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an12279 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 53 (5) ◽

pp. 464 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

C. E. Gulliver ◽

M. A. Friend ◽

B. J. King ◽

J. F. Wilkins ◽

E. H. Clayton

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Sex Ratio ◽

Cottonseed Meal ◽

Body Condition Score ◽

Control Diet ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

Female Offspring ◽

Dietary Fatty Acids ◽

Condition Score ◽

Omega 6

Diets high in omega-6 (n-6) fatty acids in mice have been associated with a higher proportion of female offspring, however, the specific effects of dietary fatty acids on the sex ratio of sheep has not previously been reported. The aim of the present study was to determine whether feeding ewes a diet differing in n-6 for 6 weeks before and 3 weeks following conception would increase the proportion of female lambs born. Merino × Border Leicester ewes (n = 296) were allocated to receive either a diet high in n-6 (70% oat grain, 8% cottonseed meal, High n-6 diet) or, a control diet low in n-6 (88% legume silage, Low n-6 diet), for 42 or 53 days before and 17 days after conception, using a stratified block randomisation procedure based on body condition score and liveweight. Following synchronisation, oestrus was detected daily during natural mating with rams. After mating, all ewes grazed improved pastures as one group until lambing. Plasma n-6 concentrations were greater (P < 0.001), the time to parturition was shorter (P < 0.001) and the proportion of female offspring was higher (58.2 vs 43.5%, P = 0.010) when ewes were fed the High n-6 diet compared with the Low n-6 diet. Further research is required to determine whether the observed differences in sex ratio were due to specific alterations in n-6 fatty acids, or other differences in the diets not specifically related to n-6 such as saturated fat or energy density.

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