Early feeding with hyperglucidic diet during fry stage exerts long-term positive effects on nutrient metabolism and growth performance in adult tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Abstract The present study aimed to investigate nutritional programming of carbohydrate metabolism in Nile tilapia. Early nutritional intervention stimulus was achieved by feeding fry with high-protein/low-carbohydrate (HP/LC) or low-protein/high-carbohydrate (LP/HC) diet since first feeding for 4 weeks, and the effect of nutritional stimulus on carbohydrate and its related metabolism was evaluated through the adult stage. Our findings indicated that at week 1, LP/HC diet-fed fry had lower levels of mRNA for genes coding gluconeogenesis and amino acid catabolism and higher levels of hk2 (P < 0⋅05). As expected, in adult tilapia, although LP/HC diet-fed fish had poorer growth (end of stimulus), the fish showed compensatory growth. There were permanent effects of early high-carbohydrate (HC) intake on several parameters, including (1) modulating hepatic composition, (2) increased muscle glycogen, (3) lower levels of enzymes involved in amino acid catabolism and (4) higher levels of glycolytic enzymes in glycolysis. Finally, HP/LC diet- and LP/HC diet-fed fish were challenged with different dietary carbohydrate levels. Irrespective of challenging diets, the early HC stimulus had significant effects on adult tilapia by (1) promoting utilisation of glucose, which had protein-sparing effects for better growth, (2) inducting lipogenesis and (3) decreasing amino acid catabolism. Taken together, for the first time, we demonstrated that early HC feeding was effective for positive nutritional programming of metabolism in Nile tilapia (an omnivorous fish). It led to the improvement of growth performance in adult fish associated with early feeding, which is linked to a better ability to use glucose, to induce lipogenesis, and to suppress amino acid catabolism.

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Effects of ornithine α-ketoglutarate on growth performance and gut microbiota in a chronic oxidative stress pig model induced by d-galactose

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/c9fo02043h ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 472-482 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yuying Li ◽

Peng Wang ◽

Jie Yin ◽

Shunshun Jin ◽

Wenxuan Su ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Growth Suppression ◽

Pig Model ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Chronic Oxidative Stress ◽

Gut Microbe

d-Galactose induced chronic oxidative stress and also proved the positive effects of 0.5% ornithine α-ketoglutarate on altering the pig gut microbe, restoring serum amino acid and alleviating the growth-suppression induced by d-galactose chronic oxidative stress.

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Early nutritional intervention can improve utilisation of vegetable-based diets in diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114517001842 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 118 (1) ◽

pp. 17-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Michael Clarkson ◽

Herve Migaud ◽

Christoforos Metochis ◽

Luisa M. Vera ◽

Daniel Leeming ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Salmon ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Nutritional Intervention ◽

Intestinal Morphology ◽

Raw Material ◽

Exogenous Feeding ◽

Distal Intestine ◽

Nutritional Programming ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Nutrient Utilisation

AbstractThe present study investigated nutritional programming in Atlantic salmon to improve utilisation of a vegetable-based diet. At first exogenous feeding, fry were fed either a marine-based diet (Diet Mstimulus, 80% fishmeal (FM)/4% fish oil (FO)) or a vegetable-based diet (Diet Vstimulus, 10% FM/0% FO) for 3 weeks. Subsequently, all fish were then fed under the same conditions with a commercial, marine-based, diet for 15 weeks and thereafter challenged with a second V diet (Diet Vchallenge, 10% FM/0% FO) for 6 weeks. Diploid and triploid siblings were run in parallel to examine ploidy effects. Growth performance, feed intake, nutrient utilisation and intestinal morphology were monitored. Fish initially given Diet Vstimulus (V-fish) showed 24 % higher growth rate and 23 % better feed efficiency compared with M-fish when later challenged with Diet Vchallenge. There was no difference in feed intake between nutritional histories, but increased nutrient retentions highlighted the improved utilisation of a V diet in V-fish. There were generally few significant effects of nutritional history or ploidy on enteritis scores in the distal intestine after the challenge phase as only V-triploids showed a significant increase (P<0·05) in total score. The data highlighted that the positive effects were most likely a result of nutritional programming and the ability to respond better when challenged later in life may be attributed to physiological and/or metabolic changes induced by the stimulus. This novel study showed the potential of nutritional programming to improve the use of plant raw material ingredients in feeds for Atlantic salmon.

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A comparative study of the metabolic response in rainbow trout and Nile tilapia to changes in dietary macronutrient composition

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s000711451200205x ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 109 (5) ◽

pp. 816-826 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

A. Cláudia Figueiredo-Silva ◽

Subramanian Saravanan ◽

Johan W. Schrama ◽

Stéphane Panserat ◽

Sadasivam Kaushik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rainbow Trout ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Enzyme Activities ◽

Nile Tilapia ◽

Metabolic Response ◽

Dietary Factors ◽

Amino Acid Catabolism ◽

Macronutrient Composition ◽

Protein Energy ◽

Species Specific

Metabolic mechanisms underlying the divergent response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to changes in dietary macronutrient composition were assessed. Fish were fed one of four isoenergetic diets having a digestible protein-to-digestible energy (DP:DE) ratio above or below the optimal DP:DE ratio for both species. At each DP:DE ratio, fat was substituted by an isoenergetic amount of digestible starch as the non-protein energy source (NPE). Dietary DP:DE ratio did not affect growth and only slightly lowered protein gains in tilapia. In rainbow trout fed diets with low DP:DE ratios, particularly with starch as the major NPE source, growth and protein utilisation were highly reduced, underlining the importance of NPE source in this species. We also observed species-specific responses of enzymes involved in amino acid catabolism, lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis to dietary factors. Amino acid transdeamination enzyme activities were reduced by a low dietary DP:DE ratio in both species and in tilapia also by the substitution of fat by starch as the NPE source. Such decreased amino acid catabolism at high starch intakes, however, did not lead to improved protein retention. Our data further suggest that a combination of increased lipogenic and decreased gluconeogenic enzyme activities accounts for the better use of carbohydrates and to the improved glycaemia control in tilapia compared with rainbow tront fed starch-enriched diets with low DP:DE ratio.

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