scholarly journals Characterization of snowfall estimated by in situ and ground-based remote-sensing observations at Terra Nova Bay, Victoria Land, Antarctica

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (260) ◽  
pp. 1006-1023
Author(s):  
Claudio Scarchilli ◽  
Virginia Ciardini ◽  
Paolo Grigioni ◽  
Antonio Iaccarino ◽  
Lorenzo De Silvestri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Summer Precipitation ◽  
Fall Velocity ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Surface Mass ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Terra Nova Bay ◽  
Precipitation Timing ◽  
Terra Nova ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractKnowledge of the precipitation contribution to the Antarctic surface mass balance is essential for defining the ice-sheet contribution to sea-level rise. Observations of precipitation are sparse over Antarctica, due to harsh environmental conditions. Precipitation during the summer months (November–December–January) on four expeditions, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18 and 2018–19, in the Terra Nova Bay area, were monitored using a vertically pointing radar, disdrometer, snow gauge, radiosounding and an automatic weather station installed at the Italian Mario Zucchelli Station. The relationship between radar reflectivity and precipitation rate at the site can be estimated using these instruments jointly. The error in calculated precipitation is up to 40%, mostly dependent on reflectivity variability and disdrometer inability to define the real particle fall velocity. Mean derived summer precipitation is ~55 mm water equivalent but with a large variability. During collocated measurements in 2018–19, corrected snow gauge amounts agree with those derived from the relationship, within the estimated errors. European Centre for the Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and the Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System (AMPS) analysis and operational outputs are able to forecast the precipitation timing but do not adequately reproduce quantities during the most intense events, with overestimation for ECMWF and underestimation for AMPS.

Vitellogenin gene expression in males of the Antarctic fish Trematomus bernacchii from Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea): A role for environmental cadmium?

Chemosphere ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 1270-1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Canapa ◽  
Marco Barucca ◽  
Stefania Gorbi ◽  
Maura Benedetti ◽  
Sara Zucchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Ross Sea ◽  
Antarctic Fish ◽  
Terra Nova Bay ◽  
Trematomus Bernacchii ◽  
Terra Nova ◽  
Vitellogenin Gene ◽  
The Antarctic

scholarly journals Porifera collection of the Italian National Antarctic Museum (MNA), with an updated checklist from Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea)

ZooKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 758 ◽  
pp. 137-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Ghiglione ◽  
Maria Chiara Alvaro ◽  
Matteo Cecchetto ◽  
Simonepietro Canese ◽  
Rachel Downey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Ross Sea ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Genus Level ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Terra Nova Bay ◽  
Occurrence Data ◽  
Antarctic Research ◽  
Terra Nova

This new dataset presents occurrence data for Porifera collected in the Ross Sea, mainly in the Terra Nova Bay area, and curated at the Italian National Antarctic Museum (MNA, section of Genoa). Specimens were collected in 331 different sampling stations at depths ranging from 17 to 1,100 meters in the framework of 17 different Italian Antarctic expeditions funded by the Italian National Antarctic Research Program (PNRA). A total of 807 specimens, belonging to 144 morphospecies (i.e., 95 taxa identified at species level and 49 classified at least at the genus level) is included in the dataset. Nearly half (45%) of the species reported here correspond to species already known for Terra Nova Bay. Out of the remaining 55% previously unknown records, under a third (~29%) were classified at the species level, while over a quarter (~26%) were ascribed to the genus level only and these would require further study. All vouchers are permanently curated at the MNA and are available for study to the scientific community. A 3D model of an uncommon species from the Ross Sea, i.e. Tethyopsisbrondstedi (Burton, 1929), is also presented and will be made available for outreach purposes.

Holocene glacier variations in the Terra Nova Bay area (Victoria Land, Antarctica)

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Baroni ◽  
Giuseppe Orombelli
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Ice Shelf ◽  
Ice Shelves ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Terra Nova Bay ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
New Information ◽  
Terra Nova

Information on Holocene glacier variations in Antarctica is limited and sometimes contradictory. However, if the behaviour of the glaciers during the recent past can be clarified, their sensitivity to climatic changes can be evaluated and their contribution to the sea level variation may be predicted. Through the study of local glaciers and floating ice shelves in the Terra Nova Bay area, new information has been gathered. Between 7500 and 5000 yr B.P., after the glacial retreat which followed the Last Glacial Maximum, the Nansen Ice Sheet and the Hells Gate ice shelf were a few kilometres less extensive than they are now. During the second half of the Holocene, both the local glaciers and the ice shelves advanced to positions that were more extensive than their present ones, although not all the variations are adequately dated. A retreat phase of the Edmonson Point glacier occurred during late Middle Ages between 920–1050 A.D. and 1270–1400 A.D. as documented by ten 14C dates obtained from shells in ice-cored moraines. A subsequent advance occurred after the 15th century in a period corresponding to the Little Ice Age.

Ionospheric electron content across the Antarctic continent

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-501
Author(s):  
G. O. L. Jones ◽  
L. Kersley ◽  
J. A. T. Heaton ◽  
L. Ciraolo ◽  
P. Spalla
Keyword(s):  
Standard Model ◽  
Plasma Flow ◽  
Electron Content ◽  
Spatial Region ◽  
Terra Nova Bay ◽  
Ionospheric Electron Content ◽  
Antarctic Continent ◽  
Terra Nova ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
First Time

Observations of satellite passes monitored at Halley and Terra Nova Bay have been combined to produce for the first time measurements of ionospheric electron content spanning the Antarctic continent. Results are presented from a sequence of four successive passes made during a period of some two hours that illustrate the development of the ionosphere over this wide spatial region. The observations are discussed in terms of the convective behaviour of the ionization, using results from the PACE radar and a standard model of the plasma flow.

scholarly journals Regulation of Microbial Activity Rates by Organic Matter in the Ross Sea during the Austral Summer 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1273
Author(s):  
Renata Zaccone ◽  
Cristina Misic ◽  
Filippo Azzaro ◽  
Maurizio Azzaro ◽  
Giovanna Maimone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Ross Sea ◽  
Austral Summer ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Offshore Area ◽  
Terra Nova Bay ◽  
Prokaryotic Abundance ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Terra Nova ◽  
The Antarctic

The active prokaryotic communities proliferate in the ecosystems of the Antarctic Ocean, participating in biogeochemical cycles and supporting higher trophic levels. They are regulated by several environmental and ecological forcing, such as the characteristics of the water masses subjected to global warming and particulate organic matter (POM). During summer 2017, two polynyas in the Ross Sea were studied to evaluate key-microbiological parameters (the proteasic, glucosidasic, and phosphatasic activities, the microbial respiratory rates, the prokaryotic abundance and biomass) in relation to quantitative and qualitative characteristics of POM. Results showed significant differences in the epipelagic layer between two macro-areas (Terra Nova Bay and Ross Sea offshore area). Proteins and carbohydrates were metabolized rapidly in the offshore area (as shown by turnover times), due to high enzymatic activities in this zone, indicating fresh and labile organic compounds. The lower quality of POM in Terra Nova Bay, as shown by the higher refractory fraction, led to an increase in the turnover times of proteins and carbohydrates. Salinity was the physical constraint that played a major role in the distribution of POM and microbial activities in both areas.

Six new species of Grania (Oligochaeta, Enchytraeidae) from the Ross Sea, Antarctica

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia Rota ◽  
Christer Erséus
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Ross Sea ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mcmurdo Sound ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Terra Nova Bay ◽  
Specific Shape ◽  
Terra Nova ◽  
The Antarctic

Six new species of marine Enchytraeidae, Grania hirsuticauda sp.n., G. acanthochaeta sp.n., G. carchinii sp.n., G. angustinasus sp.n., G. antarctica sp.n. and G. algida sp.n., are described from benthic material collected in McMurdo Sound during 1959–61 and Terra Nova Bay in 1988. They represent the first records of this family from below the Antarctic circle and, together with tubificids, the first oligochaetes from the Ross Sea. G. hirsuticauda, apparently the most widespread species in McMurdo Sound, is distinguished by having setae abruptly larger in the posterior third of the body and almost nodulate; a T-shaped prostomial bifurcation of the dorsal vessel, short sperm funnels and sperm sac, and thick-walled spermathecae. G. acanthochaeta possesses a unique, thorn-like, setal morphology and diverticulate spermathecal ampullae. G. carchinii, the only new species lacking lateral setae, is also distinguished by a remarkably high development of the chloragogen tissue and the possession of nephridia at 6/7. G. angustinasus, the most abundant species in the sampling area in Terra Nova Bay, and G. antarctica, have the same setal distribution, size and (curved) shape, but show different forms of penial bulbs (more complex in G. angustinasus) and spermathecal structures (the ampullae being larger and the external pores more posterior in G. antarctica). G. algida is distinguished by its L-shaped setae and carrot-shaped, diverticulate, spermathecal ampullae. All the new species lack cuticular penial stylets as well as spermathecal ectal glands. All species but G. carchinii are peculiar in possessing, in front of the brain, a middorsal vesicular body of specific shape and size containing a few refractile inclusions; a sensory (possibly a statocyst-like) function is suggested for this ‘head organ’, which has not been previously reported in the Oligochaeta.

Notes on the lichen genus Rhizoplaca from continental Antarctica and on some other species from northern Victoria Land

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. CASTELLO
Keyword(s):  
Type Material ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Reliable Identification ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Terra Nova Bay ◽  
Victoria Land ◽  
Continental Antarctica ◽  
Terra Nova

AbstractFive taxa of the genera Omphalodina and Rhizoplaca known from continental Antarctica are reassessed in order to identify a remarkable species collected from northern Victoria Land, for which the new combination Rhizoplaca macleanii (C.W. Dodge) Castello is proposed here. This poorly known species is known only from continental Antarctica. Two synonyms are discussed: Omphalodina exsulans (Th. Fr.) C. W. Dodge and O. siplei (C. W. Dodge & G. E. Baker) C. W. Dodge are synonyms of Rhizoplaca melanophthalma (DC.) Leuckert & Poelt. The correct name of another species is Tephromela priestleyi (C. W. Dodge) Øvstedal. The name O. johnstonii (C. W. Dodge) C. W. Dodge should be abandoned, type material being too scanty for a reliable identification. A contribution to the flora of the Terra Nova Bay area (northern Victoria Land) is provided, with two additional species, including Buellia vilis Th. Fr. new to Antarctic regions, and two nomenclatural corrections.

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