scholarly journals Cognitive Discourse Analysis: accessing cognitive representations and processes through language data

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
THORA TENBRINK
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Verbal Protocol ◽  
Verbal Protocols ◽  
Verbal Protocol Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Representations ◽  
Language Data ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
High Level

abstractThis paper offers the first general introduction to CODA (Cognitive Discourse Analysis), a methodology for analyzing verbal protocols and other types of unconstrained language use, as a resource for researchers interested in mental representations and high-level cognitive processes. CODA can be used to investigate verbalizations of perceived scenes and events, spatio-temporal concepts, complex cognitive processes such as problem-solving and cognitive strategies and heuristics, and other concepts that are accessible for verbalization. CODA builds on and extends relevant established methodologies such as cognitive linguistic perspectives, verbal protocol analysis in cognitive psychology and interdisciplinary content analysis, linguistic discourse analysis, and psycholinguistic experimentation.

The Trouble With Think Alouds: Generating Data Using Concurrent Verbal Protocols

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Branch
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Protocol Analysis ◽  
Junior High ◽  
Verbal Protocol ◽  
Verbal Protocols ◽  
School Students ◽  
Verbal Protocol Analysis ◽  
Think Alouds

Verbal protocol analysis is a methodology that is frequently used in cognitive psychology and education. The use of this method in library and information studies, however, is still very limited. Verbal protocol analysis aims to find cognitive processes while solving a problem. However, concurrent verbal protocols have been seen to cause problems when the task involves a high cognitive load, when the information is difficult to verbalize because of its form, i.e., visual data, or when the processes are automatic for the participants. This paper looks at studies using concurrent verbal protocols and summarizes the findings of this research. Then, this paper compares and contrasts the analysis of 130 concurrent verbal protocols (Think Alouds) gathered from twelve junior high school students from Inuvik, Canada. These Think Alouds are from a case study of the information-seeking processes of junior high students when accessing information from CD-ROM encyclopedias. Preliminary analysis indicates that several of the participants experienced difficulty with Think Alouds. A discussion of possible reasons for these difficulties will be included.

Potential Limitations of Verbal Protocols in Design Experiments

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Chiu ◽  
L. H. Shu
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Verbal Protocol ◽  
Design Cognition ◽  
Verbal Protocols ◽  
Design Studies ◽  
Practical Tool ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Design Experiments

Contradictory results of a recent design stimulation and creativity experiment prompted us to re-examine our chosen methodological approach, namely the use of verbal protocols. We used verbal protocols to study design cognition associated with stimulus use. Our results showed that use of stimuli did not increase concept creativity, contradicting much of the design literature. After eliminating other possible errors, we re-examined the experimental methodology to identify potential design-specific limitations associated with verbal protocols. Many researchers have used verbal protocol experiments, also known as talk-out-loud experiments, to study cognitive processes, as there are few other methods to study internal cognition. While verbal protocols are a widely debated method, research has been done to validate them, and precautions can be taken to mitigate associated risks. Based on reviewing the literature and our own experiences, we have developed design-specific guidelines for the use of verbal protocols. We also outline future work required to explore and understand the suitability of verbal protocols for design studies. Despite potential limitations, verbal protocols remain a valuable and practical tool for studying design cognition and therefore should not be discarded.

scholarly journals Concurrent Verbal Protocol Analysis in Sport: Illustration of Thought Processes During a Golf-Putting Task

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Calmeiro ◽  
Gershon Tenenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Inductive Method ◽  
Thought Processes ◽  
Verbal Protocols ◽  
Verbal Protocol Analysis ◽  
Thinking Aloud ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Golf Putting ◽  
Domain Specific Knowledge ◽  
On Line

The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility of concurrent verbal protocols to identify and map thought processes of players during a golf-putting task. Three novice golfers and three experienced golfers performed twenty 12-foot putts while thinking aloud. Verbalizations were transcribed verbatim and coded using an inductive method. Content analysis and event-sequence analysis were performed. Mapping of thought sequences indicated that experienced players’ cognitive processes centered on gathering information and planning, while beginners focused on technical aspects. Experienced players diagnosed current performance aspects more often than beginners did and were more likely to use this information to plan the next putt. These results are consistent with experienced players’ higher domain-specific knowledge and less reliance on step-by-step monitoring of motor performance than beginners. The methods used for recording, analyzing, and interpreting on-line thoughts of performers shed light on cognitive processes, which have implications for research.

Verbal Protocol Analysis Comes of Age

1985 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 373-375
Author(s):  
Robert L. Mack
Keyword(s):  
Protocol Analysis ◽  
Verbal Protocol ◽  
Verbal Protocol Analysis

Sex Differences on Use of Associative and Dissociative Cognitive Strategies among Male and Female Athletes

2005 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 440-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Antonini Philippe ◽  
Roland Seiler
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
International Competition ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Sensory Inputs ◽  
Method Of Measurement ◽  
High Level

This study assessed whether men and women differed in using associative and dissociative cognitive strategies during athletic performance. Athletes (31 men, M age = 23.2 yr., SD = 3.9 and 29 women, M age = 22.9 yr., SD = 4.3) who practiced endurance activities (running, swimming, and cycling) were considered high-level performers because they participated in national or international competition. The athletes were interviewed, and Schomer's 1986 method of measurement was used to evaluate and quantify two cognitive strategies. Most specifically, categories of association concerned the way the athlete paid close attention to bodily signals, and categories of dissociation described how the athlete shunned sensory inputs. Analysis of variance and the t test showed that women tend to be more dissociative than men and men more associative than women. The results suggest that pain perception in these sports may be a function of sex.

scholarly journals The role of cultural practices in the emergence of modern human intelligence

2008 ◽  
Vol 363 (1499) ◽  
pp. 2011-2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin Hutchins
Keyword(s):  
Embodied Cognition ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Human Intelligence ◽  
Symbolic Representations ◽  
High Level ◽  
Human Brains

Innate cognitive capacities are orchestrated by cultural practices to produce high-level cognitive processes. In human activities, examples of this phenomenon range from everyday inferences about space and time to the most sophisticated reasoning in scientific laboratories. A case is examined in which chimpanzees enter into cultural practices with humans (in experiments) in ways that appear to enable them to engage in symbol-mediated thought. Combining the cultural practices perspective with the theories of embodied cognition and enactment suggests that the chimpanzees' behaviour is actually mediated by non-symbolic representations. The possibility that non-human primates can engage in cultural practices that give them the appearance of symbol-mediated thought opens new avenues for thinking about the coevolution of human culture and human brains.

Damage Detection in Flexible Propeller Beam Structures by Exploiting Impact-Induced Coupled Acceleration Signals

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis T. Georgiou
Keyword(s):  
Data Driven ◽  
Distributed Information ◽  
Modal Expansion ◽  
Shape Difference ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Temporal Sample ◽  
High Level ◽  
Proper Orthogonal ◽  
Acceleration Signals

A local damage at the tip of a composite propeller is diagnosed by properly comparing its impact-induced free coupled dynamics to that of a pristine wooden propeller of the same size and shape. This is accomplished by creating indirectly via collocated measurements distributed information for the coupled acceleration field of the propellers. The powerful data-driven modal expansion analysis delivered by the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) Transform reveals that ensembles of impact-induced collocated coupled experimental acceleration signals are underlined by a high level of spatio-temporal coherence. Thus they furnish a valuable spatio-temporal sample of coupled response induced by a point impulse. In view of this fact, a tri-axial sensor was placed on the propeller hub to collect collocated coupled acceleration signals induced via modal hammer nondestructive impacts and thus obtained a reduced order characterization of the coupled free dynamics. This experimental data-driven analysis reveals that the in-plane unit components of the POD modes for both propellers have similar shapes-nearly identical. For the damaged propeller this POD shape-difference is quite pronounced. The shapes of the POD modes are used to compute indices of difference reflecting directly damage. At the first POD energy level, the shape-difference indices of the damaged composite propeller are quite larger than those of the pristine wooden propeller.

scholarly journals Dogs recognize dog and human emotions

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 20150883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Albuquerque ◽  
Kun Guo ◽  
Anna Wilkinson ◽  
Carine Savalli ◽  
Emma Otta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Emotional Information ◽  
Auditory Cues ◽  
Cognitive Representations ◽  
Negative Valence ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
High Level

The perception of emotional expressions allows animals to evaluate the social intentions and motivations of each other. This usually takes place within species; however, in the case of domestic dogs, it might be advantageous to recognize the emotions of humans as well as other dogs. In this sense, the combination of visual and auditory cues to categorize others' emotions facilitates the information processing and indicates high-level cognitive representations. Using a cross-modal preferential looking paradigm, we presented dogs with either human or dog faces with different emotional valences (happy/playful versus angry/aggressive) paired with a single vocalization from the same individual with either a positive or negative valence or Brownian noise. Dogs looked significantly longer at the face whose expression was congruent to the valence of vocalization, for both conspecifics and heterospecifics, an ability previously known only in humans. These results demonstrate that dogs can extract and integrate bimodal sensory emotional information, and discriminate between positive and negative emotions from both humans and dogs.

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