scholarly journals Comparing the measurement of different social networks: Peer nominations, online communication, and proximity data

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. van Woudenberg ◽  
K. E. Bevelander ◽  
W. J. Burk ◽  
C. R. Smit ◽  
L. Buijs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Online Communication ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Proximity Data ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Unobtrusive Measures ◽  
Peer Nominations

AbstractBackground:Technological progress has enabled researchers to use new unobtrusive measures of relationships between actors in social network analysis. However, research on how these unobtrusive measures of peer connections relate to traditional sociometric nominations in adolescents is scarce. Therefore, the current study compared traditional peer nominated networks with more unobtrusive measures of peer connections: Communication networks that consist of instant messages in an online social platform and proximity networks based on smartphones’ Bluetooth signals that measure peer proximity. The three social network types were compared in their coverage, stability, overlap, and the extent to which the networks exhibit the often observed sex segregation in adolescent social networks.Method:Two samples were derived from the MyMovez project: a longitudinal sample of 444 adolescents who participated in the first three waves of the first year of the project (Y1; 51% male; Mage = 11.29, SDage = 1.26) and a cross-sectional sample of 774 adolescents that participated in fifth wave in the third year (Y3; 48% male; Mage = 10.76, SDage = 1.23). In the project, all participants received a research smartphone and a wrist-worn accelerometer. On the research smartphone, participants received daily questionnaires such as peer nomination questions (i.e., nominated network). In addition, the smartphone automatically scanned for other smartphones via Bluetooth signal every 15 minutes of the day (i.e., proximity network). In the Y3 sample, the research smartphone also had a social platform in which participants could send messages to each other (i.e., communication network).Results:The results show that nominated networks provided data for the most participants compared to the other two networks, but in these networks, participants had the lowest number of connections with peers. Nominated networks showed to be more stable over time compared to proximity or communication networks. That is, more connections remained the same in nominated networks than in proximity networks over the three waves of Y1. The overlap between the three networks was rather small, indicating that the networks measured different types of connections. Nominated and communication networks were segregated by sex, whereas this was less the case in proximity networks.Conclusion:The communication and proximity networks seem to be promising unobtrusive measures of peer connections and are less of a burden to the participant compared to a nominated network. However, given the structural differences between the networks and the number of connections per wave, the communication and proximity networks should not be used as direct substitutes for sociometric nominations, and researchers should bear in mind what type of connections they wish to assess.

scholarly journals Citation: Cabezas-González, M.; Casillas-Martín, S.; García-Valcárcel Muñoz-Repiso, A. Basic Education Students’ Digital Competence in the Area of Communication: The Influence of Online Communication and the Use of Social Networks. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4442. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13084442

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4442
Author(s):  
Marcos Cabezas-González ◽  
Sonia Casillas-Martín ◽  
Ana García-Valcárcel Muñoz-Repiso
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Online Communication ◽  
Quantitative Methodology ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Digital Competence ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Use Of Social Media

The global public health crisis unleashed by the COVID-19 pandemic has made it clear that digital competence in education is no longer an option, but a necessity. Online communication with friends using social networks is an activity in which young people very frequently and at increasingly early ages engage. This article presents the results of a study analyses digital-competence levels in the area of communication of Spanish basic-education students (aged 12–16) and establishes whether online communication with friends and the use of social media impact it. A quantitative methodology with a descriptive and cross-sectional design was used. The sample comprised 807 students, and data collection was based on a problem-solving test. Findings show that students who use online communication with their friends very often and that those who use social networks a lot have lower levels of digital competence. Education centres should reflect on this in order to implement curricular programs that may strengthen this type of competence.

scholarly journals Sexual health norms and communication patterns within the close social networks of men who have sex with men and transgender women in Lima, Peru: a 2017 cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amrita Ayer ◽  
Eddy R. Segura ◽  
Amaya Perez-Brumer ◽  
Susan Chavez-Gomez ◽  
Rosario Fernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sti Prevention ◽  
Sti Testing ◽  
Trans Women ◽  
Sex With Men

Abstract Background Social networks, norms, and discussions about sexual health may inform sexual practices, influencing risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or sexually transmitted infection (STI) acquisition. To better understand social networks of Peruvian men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (trans women), we examined key social network members (SNMs), participant perceptions of these network members’ opinions toward sexual health behaviors, and associations between network member characteristics and condomless anal intercourse (CAI). Methods In a 2017 cross-sectional study, a convenience sample of 565 MSM and trans women with HIV-negative or unknown serostatus was asked to identify three close SNMs; describe discussions about HIV and STI prevention with each; and report perceived opinions of condom use, HIV/STI testing, and partner notification of STIs. Generalized estimating equations evaluated relationships between SNM characteristics, opinions, and discussions and participant-reported CAI. Results Among participants who identified as MSM, 42.3% of key SNMs were perceived to identify as gay. MSM “never” discussed HIV and STI prevention concerns with 42.4% of heterosexual SNMs, but discussed them “at least once weekly” with 16.9 and 16.6% of gay- and bisexual- identifying SNMs, respectively. Among participants who identified as trans women, 28.2% of key SNMs were perceived as heterosexual; 25.9%, as bisexual; 24.7%, as transgender; and 21.2%, as gay. Trans women discussed HIV/STI prevention least with cis-gender heterosexual network members (40.2% “never”) and most with transgender network members (27.1% “at least once weekly”). Participants perceived most of their close social network to be completely in favor of condom use (71.2% MSM SNMs, 61.5% trans women SNMs) and HIV/STI testing (73.1% MSM SNMs, 75.6% trans women SNMs), but described less support for partner STI notification (33.4% MSM SNMs, 37.4% trans women SNMs). Most participants reported CAI with at least one of their past three sexual partners (77.5% MSM, 62.8% trans women). SNM characteristics were not significantly associated with participant-reported frequency of CAI. Conclusions Findings compare social support, perceived social norms, and discussion patterns of Peruvian MSM and trans women, offering insight into social contexts and sexual behaviors. Trial registration The parent study from which this analysis was derived was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT03010020) on January 4, 2017.

scholarly journals Relationship Between the Early Maladaptive Schema and Social Networks Addiction Among Semnan University of Medical Sciences Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-239
Author(s):  
Mehdi Kahouei ◽  
◽  
Fatemeh Paknazar ◽  
Masoumeh Alimohammadi ◽  
Ghazaleh Mosayebi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Early Maladaptive Schemas ◽  
Maladaptive Schemas ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Early Maladaptive Schema ◽  
Maladaptive Schema

Objectives: Early maladaptive schemas are self-destructive emotional and cognitive patterns that have been formed at the beginning of development and are repeated in life. Since early maladaptive schemas can be the most predictive of addiction and social networking addiction is also considered as an injury or complication. This study aimed to determine the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and social network addiction among students. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 350 students of Semnan University of Medical Sciences. In this study, Yang’s Short Form Questionnaire and the questionnaire of social network s addiction based on mobile were used. Data were analyzed by the Chi-square test and logistic regression. Results: There were 186 (53.2%) students who had social network addiction. Of them, 215 (61.4%) had at least one early maladaptive schema. The gender of the woman (OR=0.35, P=0.021), age over 21 years (OR=0.56, P<0.001), the formation of the schema of recognition (OR=0.54, P=0.01) and the formation of the schema entitlement (OR=0.47, P=0.002) with the reduction and the formation of the schema of social isolation / emotional inhibition (OR=2.94, P=0.006) was accompanied with increasing of the chance of being addicted to social networks. Conclusion: The results showed that some of the individual characteristics and the formation of some of the schemas are associated with decreasing and increasing the chance of addiction to social networks.

scholarly journals Tapping into the Educational Potential of Facebook: Encouraging Out-of-Class Peer Collaboration in Foreign Language Learning

2015 ◽  
pp. 176-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ward Peeters
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Social Network Sites ◽  
Online Communication ◽  
Foreign Language Learning ◽  
Peer Collaboration ◽  
First Year ◽  
Communicative Context ◽  
Educational Potential

Due to their social framework and often informal character, social network sites such as Facebook are believed to promote out-of-class learning by encouraging learners to participate in online peer collaboration. Yet, the evidence remains inconclusive when it comes to the effectiveness and students’ appreciation of collaborating via social network sites, which indicates the need for further research. The first part of the present paper discusses the ‘out-of-class’ use of a closed Facebook group by analysing the online communication behaviour of 119 first-year foreign language English majors at the University of Antwerp (Belgium) participating in a writing course. The assessed data (more than 4,000 Facebook posts and a post-questionnaire) suggest that the socio-communicative context of a Facebook group motivates students to learn collaboratively beyond the physical classroom walls. The remaining part of this paper investigates which conclusions can be drawn from this for increasing the effectiveness of independent self-access modules and study programmes blending self-access and classroom learning. Here, results hint at the fact that students attach particular importance to social network sites as support networks for sharing positive and critical learning experiences and language learning tips.

The impact of organizational social networks on salespeople’s negative headquarters stereotypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1901-1913
Author(s):  
Babak Hayati ◽  
Sandeep Puri
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Sales Performance ◽  
Sales Managers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Network Patterns ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sales Forces

Purpose Extant sales management literature shows that holding negative headquarters stereotypes (NHS) by salespeople is harmful to their sales performance. However, there is a lack of research on how managers can leverage organizational structures to minimize NHS in sales forces. This study aims to know how social network patterns influence the flow of NHS among salespeople and sales managers in a large B2B sales organization. Design/methodology/approach The authors hypothesize and test whether patterns of social networks among salespeople and sales managers determine the stereotypical attitudes of salespeople toward corporate directors and, eventually, impact their sales performance. The authors analyzed a multi-level data set from the B2B sales forces of a large US-based media company. Findings The authors found that organizational social network properties including the sales manager’s team centrality, sales team’s network density and sales team’s external connectivity moderate the flow of NHS from sales managers and peer salespeople to a focal salesperson. Research limitations/implications First, the data was cross-sectional and did not allow the authors to examine the dynamics of social network patterns and their impact on NHS. Second, The authors only focused on advice-seeking social networks and did not examine other types of social networks such as friendship and trust networks. Third, the context was limited to one company in the media industry. Practical implications The authors provide recommendations to sales managers on how to leverage and influence social networks to minimize the development and flow of NHS in sales forces. Originality/value The findings advance existing knowledge on how NHS gets shared and transferred in sales organizations. Moreover, this study provides crucial managerial insights with regard to controlling and managing NHS in sales forces.

scholarly journals Fundamental structures of dynamic social networks

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (36) ◽  
pp. 9977-9982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vedran Sekara ◽  
Arkadiusz Stopczynski ◽  
Sune Lehmann
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Telecommunication Networks ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
Online Social Media ◽  
Dynamic Social Networks

Social systems are in a constant state of flux, with dynamics spanning from minute-by-minute changes to patterns present on the timescale of years. Accurate models of social dynamics are important for understanding the spreading of influence or diseases, formation of friendships, and the productivity of teams. Although there has been much progress on understanding complex networks over the past decade, little is known about the regularities governing the microdynamics of social networks. Here, we explore the dynamic social network of a densely-connected population of ∼1,000 individuals and their interactions in the network of real-world person-to-person proximity measured via Bluetooth, as well as their telecommunication networks, online social media contacts, geolocation, and demographic data. These high-resolution data allow us to observe social groups directly, rendering community detection unnecessary. Starting from 5-min time slices, we uncover dynamic social structures expressed on multiple timescales. On the hourly timescale, we find that gatherings are fluid, with members coming and going, but organized via a stable core of individuals. Each core represents a social context. Cores exhibit a pattern of recurring meetings across weeks and months, each with varying degrees of regularity. Taken together, these findings provide a powerful simplification of the social network, where cores represent fundamental structures expressed with strong temporal and spatial regularity. Using this framework, we explore the complex interplay between social and geospatial behavior, documenting how the formation of cores is preceded by coordination behavior in the communication networks and demonstrating that social behavior can be predicted with high precision.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Status in Adolescents: A Study of Its Relationship with Overweight and Obesity and Influence on Social Network Configuration

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Arias ◽  
María Calvo ◽  
José Benítez-Andrades ◽  
María Álvarez ◽  
Beatriz Alonso-Cortés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Network Formation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Structural Variables ◽  
The Relationship

Socioeconomic status (SES) influences all the determinants of health, conditioning health throughout life. The aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between socioeconomic status and obesity in adolescence through an analysis of the patterns of contact between peers as a function of this parameter. A cross-sectional study was performed, analyzing a sample of 235 students aged 14 to 18 and 11 class networks. Social network analysis was used to analyze structural variables of centrality from a sociocentric perspective. We found that adolescents with a medium-low SES presented a two-fold higher probability of being overweight, but we did not detect any differences in the configuration of their social networks when compared with those of normal-weight adolescents. However, we did find significant differences in the formation of networks according to SES in the overall sample and disaggregated by gender, whereby adolescents with a high SES in general presented a higher capacity to form wider social networks. Elucidating the relationship between SES and overweight and its influence on social network formation can contribute to the design of preventative strategies against overweight and obesity in adolescents, since their social environment can provide them with several resources to combat excess weight.

Opposition to Early Dental Visit by Dentists: A Qualitative Study on Mothers’ Social Networks

2021 ◽  
pp. 238008442110590
Author(s):  
J.M. Burgette ◽  
Z.T. Dahl ◽  
R.J. Weyant ◽  
D.W. McNeil ◽  
B. Foxman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Dental Visit ◽  
Professional Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Visits ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: To examine whether information that mothers received from dentists in their social network was consistent with professional recommendations for the first dental visit at age 1 y. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional qualitative study on mothers in Pennsylvania and West Virginia from 2018 to 2020 to explore how their social networks influence their children’s dental service utilization. In-person, semistructured interviews were conducted with 126 mothers of children ages 3 to 5 y. Qualitative data were transcribed, coded, and analyzed using NVivo 12. Two investigators analyzed data using grounded theory and the constant comparative method. Results: Over half of mothers reported a professional relationship with a dentist as part of their social network on children’s oral health. Mothers described the following themes: 1) mothers contacted dentists in their social network for child dental information and to schedule their child’s first dental visit, 2) mothers described dentists’ justifications for the timing of the first dental visit older than age 1 y, 3) mothers described the impact of the dentist declining to see her child, and 4) after the dentist declined to see her child, some mothers did not comply with the dentist’s recommendation of delayed child dental visits because they were given alternative information that encouraged early dental visits. Conclusions: Our findings indicate a need for dentists to reinforce mothers’ dental-seeking behavior for young children and adhere to recommendations on the age 1 dental visit. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Qualitative data on mothers’ social networks show that dentists play a key role in access to early dental visits, particularly when dentists decline to see the mother’s child for visits.

From Chemical to Social Networks

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Padgett
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Material Objects ◽  
Formal Models ◽  
Network Ties ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Symbolic Communication ◽  
Multiple Network ◽  
Social Network Ties

This chapter discusses the next frontier in autocatalytic modeling. Building on the model of production in Chapter 3, communication in two forms is added in the formal models in this chapter: symbolic communication through primitive language and genealogical communication through biographies. Language here emerges out of token feedbacks and social-interactional learning. Genealogical descent and family organizations emerge out of reciprocity and teaching. In the terminology of a multiple-network ensemble, the first cross-sectional type of communication is equivalent to the emergence of relational social-network ties, and the second longitudinal type of communication is equivalent to the emergence of constitutive social-network ties. With these human-like extensions beyond biochemistry, three types of autocatalysis emerge: production autocatalysis, where material objects are produced and exchanged; cellular or biographical autocatalysis, where actors are constructed through intercalated biographies; and linguistic autocatalysis, where symbols are passed and reproduced in conversations.

scholarly journals Informatics for COVID-19 in New York and California

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Seungil Yum
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Social Network Analysis ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
The Us ◽  
Key Players

Abstract Objective: This study explores how social networks for COVID-19 are differentiated by regions. Methods: This study employs social network analysis for Twitter in New York and California. Results: National key players play an important role in New York, while regional key players exert a significant impact on California. Some key players, such as the US president, play an essential role in both New York and California. Hispanic key players play a crucial role in California. Each group is more likely to show communication networks within groups in New York, while it is more apt to exhibit communication networks across groups in California. Government players play a different role in social networks according to regions. Conclusions: Governments should understand how social networks for COVID-19 are differentiated by regions to control the ongoing pandemic effectively.

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