scholarly journals EXTENDED TARGET WEIGHING APPROACH (ETWA): IMPACT AND RISK ANALYSIS OF LIGHTWEIGHT CONCEPTS IN THE PRODUCT-PRODUCTION SYSTEM-CO-DESIGN

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1537-1546
Author(s):  
Albert Albers ◽  
Tobias Stürmlinger ◽  
Sven Revfi ◽  
Kamran Behdinan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Production System ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Lightweight Design ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Change Propagation ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Extended Target ◽  
The Impact

AbstractLightweight design in interconnected systems becomes more and more complex as the interdependencies cannot be overseen by the product developer. Varying one component might not only influence the interfaces to other components but also the underlying production systems.Therefore, this contribution focuses on the product/production interdependencies and how they can be supported within lightweight design. Based on a functional description of the product it is possible to derive new lightweight design solutions and also to evaluate the change propagation in the production system. For this, a method for the impact and risk analysis is integrated in the lightweight design method Extended Target Weighing Approach (ETWA). By doing so, a risk value for the adapted production system can be calculated and different design concepts can be compared.The application of the developed method on a simplified use-case shows great potentials when evaluating the impact of a newly developed lightweight design solution on an already existing production system supporting the product development in decision making.

Seru Production System

2021 ◽  
pp. 113-138
Author(s):  
Emre Bilgin Sarı ◽  
Sabri Erdem
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Lean Manufacturing ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Job Shop ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Opportunity To Respond ◽  
Manufacturing Management ◽  
The Impact

Seru production system is a flexible, cost-effective, workforce competence-oriented manufacturing management system that provides the opportunity to respond quickly to customer demand. As in parallel to technology and physical improvements, customer demands are also effective for development of production systems. The impact of change in demand has been seen on changeover from job shop to mass production, flexible, and lean manufacturing systems. Seru production system is more appropriate for targeting work both cost-effectively like mass production and maximum diversification like job shop production. This chapter clarifies the Seru production system and explain its use and benefits in the clothing industry. In the application, a shirt production is illustrated according to the principles of mass production, lean production, and Seru production. Thus, different types of production systems have been benchmarked. There will be potential study areas for proving the efficiency of Seru soon.

Occurrence and Dispersal of Indicator Bacteria on Cucumbers Grown Horizontally or Vertically on Various Mulch Types

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 1663-1672 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHIRLEY A. MICALLEF ◽  
MARY THERESA CALLAHAN ◽  
SIVARANJANI PAGADALA
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Bare Ground ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Dispersal Patterns ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Thermotolerant Coliforms ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT No data exist on the impact of cultivation practices on food safety risks associated with cucumber. Cucumbers are typically grown horizontally over a mulch cover, with fruit touching the ground, but this vining plant grows well in vertical systems. To assess whether production system affects bacterial dispersal onto plants, field trials were conducted over 2 years. Cucumber cultivar ‘Marketmore 76’ was grown horizontally on plastic, straw, or bare ground or vertically on trellises installed on bare ground in soil previously amended with raw dairy manure. Fruit, flower, leaf, and soil samples were collected to quantify Escherichia coli, thermotolerant coliforms, and enterococci by direct plating. E. coli isolates were characterized by BOX-PCR to evaluate relatedness among strains. Although thermotolerant coliforms and enterococci were significantly less abundant on fruit in year 1 (P < 0.05), this result was not seen in year 2 when more rain was recorded. Instead, fruit from straw-mulched beds had higher levels of enterococci compared with fruit grown on bare ground (P < 0.05). Leaves on bare ground occasionally had more bacteria than did leaves on plastic mulch beds (P < 0.05). Production system did not impact flower-associated bacterial levels. E. coli isolates (n =127) were genotyped, generating 21 distinct fingerprints. Vertical production did not appear to be a barrier for E. coli dispersal to the crop, as suggested by numerous related isolates from soil and flowers on bare ground, straw-mulched, and trellised beds (subcluster B1). None of the isolates from soil and flowers in this subcluster were related to isolates recovered from fruit, showing that flower colonization does not necessarily lead to fruit colonization. One cluster of isolates contained those from flowers and fruits but not soil, indicating a source other than manure-amended soil. Straw may be a source of E. coli; a number of closely related E. coli isolates were retrieved from soil and fruits from straw-mulched beds. Our approach revealed E. coli dispersal patterns and could be used to assess bacterial transmission in other production systems.

The Impact of Team-Based Product Dissection on Design Novelty

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine A. Toh ◽  
Scarlett R. Miller ◽  
Gül E. Okudan Kremer
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Design ◽  
Design Education ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Idea Generation ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Engineering Design Education ◽  
Current Design ◽  
The Impact

Although design novelty is a critical area of research in engineering design, most research in this space has focused on understanding and developing formal idea generation methods instead of focusing on the impact of current design practices. This is problematic because formal techniques are often not adopted in industry due to the burdensome steps often included in these methods, which limit the practicality and adoption of these methods. This study seeks to understand the impact of product dissection, a design method widely utilized in academia and industry, on design novelty in order to produce recommendations for the use or alterations of this method for supporting novelty in design. To investigate the impact of dissection, a study was conducted with 76 engineering students who completed a team-based dissection of an electric toothbrush and then individually generated ideas. The relationships between involvement in the dissection activity, the product dissected, the novelty and quantity of the ideas developed were investigated. The results reveal that team members who were more involved in the dissection activity generated concepts that were more novel than those who did not. In addition, the type of the dissected product also had an influence on design novelty. Finally, a positive correlation between the number of ideas generated and the novelty of the design concepts was identified. The results from this study are used to provide recommendations for leveraging product dissection for enhancing novelty in engineering design education and practice.

Design Optimization of Top-Tensioned Risers for Deepwater HPHT Applications: Part 1

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lixin Xu ◽  
Paul Stanton
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Environmental Loads ◽  
Steel Pipes ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Dry-tree solutions with top-tensioned risers (TTRs) have been successfully used with floating production systems (FPS), such as Spars and TLPs, in a wide range of deepwater applications. Both single-casing and dual-casing top-tensioned risers are field-proven in existing field developments. The top-tensioned risers bring technical advantages and operational cost benefits. However, recent oil and gas developments that have high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) in combination with severe environmental loads push the design limits of conventional steel pipes in deepwater risers. High-strength steel pipes are therefore considered for risers for both technical and economic reasons. This paper discusses the impact of the above requirements on design of top-tensioned risers, and proposes feasible design concepts for top tensioned risers with extremely high pressure requirements. Part I of the topic here addresses strategies of top-tensioned riser sizing and weight management, and design considerations for TTR specialty joints. Part II of this topic will follow for top-tensioned riser tensioning system configuration and tension performance optimization, as well as coupled motion compensation on the host platform. The objective of the study that forms the basis for this paper is to provide top-tensioned riser system configurations that meet the challenges of the extremely high operational pressure and environmental loads in deep and ultra-deep waters.

scholarly journals The impact of aquaculture soundscapes on whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and Atlantic salmon Salmo salar

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 167-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Slater ◽  
E Fricke ◽  
M Weiss ◽  
A Rebelein ◽  
M Bögner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Production System ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Sound Exposure ◽  
Whiteleg Shrimp ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Aquaculture Production

Research into the effects of soundscapes on aquaculture species in key production systems is sparse, despite potential impacts of sound on animal welfare and commercial yields. In the following study, 2 high-value global aquaculture species, whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, were exposed to aquaculture production system soundscapes. For shrimp, sound recordings of a commercial recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) were played back at a sound pressure level (SPL) of 128 dB re 1 µPa, and for salmon, recordings from a commercial sea pen production system were played back at an SPL of 127 dB re 1 µPa for an 8 wk period. Effects of exposure on growth, survival, and indications of metabolic stress were measured as parameters of interest for aquaculture production. Mean growth performance and survival rates did not differ significantly between sound and control treatments for either species. Blood and haemolymph parameters from both species indicated no measurable change in metabolic status or stress levels. Slight, but non-significant, increases in total haemocyte count and, in particular, hyaline cell count were recorded in shrimp exposed to sound. Slight, but non-significant reductions in overall weight gain were recorded in sound-exposed salmon. Overall, the results indicate that sound exposure in current production systems does not negatively affect the early grow-out stage of these key species, either due to rapid habituation or higher hearing thresholds of hatchery-produced individuals, and that no measurable stress response occurs in sound-exposed animals. In future studies, response of the studied species to acute sound exposure and the response of earlier, and potentially more sensitive, life-stages will need to be determined to ensure optimal welfare and production performance.

scholarly journals Influence of Beef Production System Technology on Calpain-1 Autolysis and Troponin-T Degradation

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. Johnson ◽  
J. K. Grubbs ◽  
K. R. Underwood ◽  
M. J. Webb ◽  
A. D. Blair
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Troponin T ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Myofibrillar Proteins ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Trenbolone Acetate ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesBeef production systems utilize implants and β-agonists to improve beef cattle feed efficiency and promote muscle growth. Warner-Bratzler shear force values can be greater in strip loin steaks from cattle treated with implants or β-agonists. Calpain-1 degrades myofibrillar proteins post-mortem, thus altering calpain-1 activation or autolysis which can influence meat tenderness and proteolysis. The objective of this study was to determine the impact beef production system technologies on calpain-1 autolysis and troponin-T degradation as an indicator of tenderness formation and postmortem proteolysis.Materials and MethodsFrom a larger study, beef striploins (n = 16, n = 4/treatment) from cattle finished utilizing four different production systems were collected for analysis: 1) no antibiotics (NA; receiving no technology); 2) non-hormone treated cattle (NHTC; fed 300 mg monensin and 90 mg tylosin during the finishing phase); 3) implant (IMPL; same technologies as NHTC and administered a series of three implants including a low- potency calf implant [36 mg zeranol], a moderate-potency initial feedyard implant [80 mg trenbolone acetate and 16 mg estradiol], and a high potency finishing implant [200 mg of trenbolone acetate and 20 mg estradiol]; and 4) all previous technologies plus fed a β-agonist (IMBA; same technologies as IMPL and fed 200 mg ractopamine hydrochloride per steer per d). Striploins were vacuum packaged, aged for 7 d, and frozen. Western Blots were conducted for calpain-1 autolysis and troponin-T degradation (30 kDa). Abundance of calpain-1 bands and troponin-T degradation product was normalized by a reference on each gel. Treatments were evaluated in PROC MIXED of SAS 9.2 where least squares means and SEM were computed and separated using least significant differences (PDIFF) when tests for fixed effects were significant at P < 0.05 and trending P ≤ 0.10.ResultsCalpain-1 autolysis differed (P < 0.05) in the IMPL group compared to the NHTC group for both active, 78 kDa band, and the fully autolyzed, 76 kDa band. The IMPL group had a greater percentage (P = 0.0048) of active calpain-1 and a lower percentage (P = 0.0048) of fully autolyzed calpain-1 compared to the NHTC group. Also, a trend was detected when comparing both the active, 78 kDa band, and fully autolyzed, 76 kDa band, in the IMBA and IMPL group where the IMPL group had a greater percentage (P = 0.0727) of active calpain-1 and a lower percentage (P = 0.0727) of fully autolyzed calpain-1. Production system did not influence (P > 0.05) 30 kDa troponin-T product abundance.ConclusionThese data indicate level of technology may play a role in the activation and autolysis of calpain-1 from the 80 kDa inactive form to the 78 kDa active product and finally to the 76 kDa autolyzed product. Calpain-1 autolysis was not measured; however, these data suggest calpain-1 autolysis in the IMPL group may be limited compared with NHTC and IMBA groups. Consequently, calpain-1 may remain in the 78 kDa active form in the implanted cattle, actively degrading myofibrillar proteins. However, production system did not influence troponin-T 30 kDa degradation products. Further analysis of the rate of calpain-1 autolysis and troponin-T degradation at different days of postmortem aging could provide further evidence that different beef production technologies impact calpain-1 autolysis and postmortem proteolysis.

scholarly journals Production System Impacts Quality of Cut Poinsettia Stems

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 893B-893
Author(s):  
Daniel Warnock* ◽  
Megan Fifarek ◽  
Heather Lash
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Stem Quality ◽  
Commercial Supplier ◽  
Long Stem ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Axillary Branches

The development of the Renaissance series of cut poinsettias, Euphorbia pulcherrima, presents unique opportunities and challenges to cut flower producers. This series has curled bracts, long stem length, excellent vase life and is highly marketable. Literature indicates that this crop is suited for pot or bed production, but does not compare methods. This study assessed the impact of production system on final stem quality. Uniform rooted cuttings of `Renaissance Red' obtained from a commercial supplier were transplanted into 30.5-cm pots or a 1.2-× 2.4-m bed containing a soilless media to obtain 2 plants per 0.9 m2. A total of 56 cuttings were used for each production system and grown using standard production techniques. Transplanting occurred on 11 Aug. 11 2003 with plants reaching market stage, two cyathia shedding pollen, about 17 weeks later. To minimize border effects, plants in the outside rows of each production system were discarded. Thus, stem length, stem diameter, bract diameter, floral development, and number of axillary shoots were determined for 30 interior plants in each system. The production systems differentially impacted stem length and number of axillary shoots. Mean stem length in the bed system (89.7 cm) was greater than that observed in the pot system (71.4 cm). Plants in the bed system had significantly fewer axillary branches per plant (0.5) than plants in the pots (2.0). Stem diameters were similar for both systems (11.5 mm and 10.9 mm for bench and pot, respectively) as were bract diameters (14.3 cm and 13.4 cm for pot and bench, respectively). Both systems produced marketable stems; however, stems produced in the bed system had longer stems, fewer axillary branches, and were more uniform than those in the pot system.

Risk Assessment and Reliability Analysis of Subsea Production Systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liaqat Ali ◽  
Shan Jin ◽  
Yong Bai
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Reliability Analysis ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Production System ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Risk Identification ◽  
Subsea Production System ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In past years, offshore oil and gas accidents have often occurred. Environmental hazards have the capability of turning into very difficult to manage in addition with the modern technology limits and lack of a fail-safe operation that can identify, control and terminate the accidents. However, the offshore crude oil also natural gas search and development is expanding to deep-water and moving promptly to the subsea production systems. (SPS). Though, the complicate subsea equipment material besides frequency offshore disasters stimulated the consideration onto the risk analysis of subsea systems. Detection of the impact of deep-water oil and gas reserves in the subsea production system. However, loss of SPSs can contribute to massive industrial failure, severe natural pollution, and indeed serious disasters. Therefore, the reliability analysis and safety of SPS have turned into a dominant consideration. This study addresses on the hazards and risk conditions which must be concentrated in the subsea machinery associated within surface equipments. Furthermore, the risks identification also the risk investigation onto subsea “Xmas tree” system is brought out. An over-all risk avert procedure of subsea “Xmas tree” system is represented, also the reliability evaluation method. Moreover, several recommendations on subsea production maintenance and detection are given in this research. This paper is reviewing the following section, subsea production system, hazards or risk identification, environmental issues, hydrate problems, corrosion problems, safety issues, risk assessment on subsea “Xmas tree”, reliability issues of a subsea system.

scholarly journals Nonchemical Management of Soilborne Pests in Fresh Market Vegetable Production Systems

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 1367-1372 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. O. Chellemi
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Production System ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Proactive Approach ◽  
The Impact

Nonchemical methods including host resistance, organic amendments, crop rotation, soil solarization, and cultural practices have been used to control soilborne pests in fresh market vegetable production systems. Their suitability as alternatives to methyl bromide will depend on the approach to pest management used by the grower. Traditionally, methyl bromide is used in production systems that rely on the single application of a broad-spectrum biocide to disinfest soils prior to planting. Non-chemical methods are not suitable for a single tactic approach to pest management because they do not provide the same broad spectrum of activity or consistency as fumigation with methyl bromide. Nonchemical methods are compatible with an integrated pest management (IPM) approach, where multiple tactics are used to maintain damage from pests below an economic threshold while minimizing the impact to beneficial organisms. However, adoption of IPM is hindered by the paucity of economically feasible sampling programs and thresholds for soilborne pests and by a reluctance of growers to commit additional resources to the collection and management of biological information. A novel approach to the management of soilborne pests is to design the crop production system to avoid pest outbreaks. Using this “proactive” approach, a tomato production system was developed using strip-tillage into existing bahia-grass pasture. By minimizing inputs and disruption to the pasture, growers were able to reap the rotational benefits of bahiagrass without cultivating the rotational crop. While minimizing the need for interventive procedures, a proactive approach is difficult to integrate into existing crop production systems and will require several years of testing and validation.

scholarly journals Defining and evaluating heat stress thresholds in different dairy cow production systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Brügemann ◽  
E. Gernand ◽  
U. König von Borstel ◽  
S. König
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Production System ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Information Criteria ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Random Regression ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Maritime Region

Abstract. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of heat stress in dairy cows on test-day records for production traits and somatic cell score (SCS) in the state of Lower Saxony, Germany. Three different production systems were defined: A production system characterized by intensive crop production (=indoor housing), a pasture based production system, and a maritime region. Heat stress was assessed by two temperature-humidity indices (THI) modelled as random regression coefficients in an analysis of variance: One (THIBo) was defined as an average of hourly THI, calculated from hourly recorded temperatures and humidities, the other (THIRa) was based on daily maximal temperature and daily minimal humidity. In all production systems, THIBo=60 and THIRa=70 were identified as general thresholds denoting a substantial decline in test-day milk yield. For daily fat and protein percentage, no universally valid thresholds were identified. In contrast for SCS, especially in the maritime region, heat stress as well as cold stress thresholds were found. Regression analysis was used to study the change in test day milk yield in response to THI of those THI ranges with an obvious decline in milk yield. Regression coefficients were −0.08 kg/THIBo and −0.16 kg/THIRa for the crop production system, −0.17 kg/THIBo and −0.23 kg/THIRa for the pasture based system, and −0.26 kg/THIBo and −0.47kg/THIRa for the maritime region. Based on statistical information criteria, identified thresholds for THIBo should be given preference over THIRa when applying genetic studies on heat stress in German Holstein cows.

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