Leisure Type, Leisure Satisfaction and Adolescents’ Psychological Wellbeing

This study examined the impact of leisure type on leisure satisfaction, along with its subsequent effects on adolescents’ psychological wellbeing, using a longitudinal sample of 3,449 Korean adolescents at two time points (2003 and 2004). The results indicated that the type of leisure activity (measured in 10th grade) had differential effects on students’ long-term psychological wellbeing (measured in 11th grade) according to sex. Specifically, for male students, only active leisure (i.e., sports activities) had a positive effect on leisure satisfaction. By contrast, for female students, although active leisure activities exerted positive effects on leisure satisfaction, passive leisure (i.e., sedentary activities) and social leisure (i.e., spending time with friends) had a negative impact on students’ leisure satisfaction. For both male and female students, leisure satisfaction had longitudinal effects on their psychological wellbeing, with increasing life satisfaction and decreasing stress.

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Bank Capital, Operating Efficiency, and Corporate Performance in Nigeria

Acta Universitatis Sapientiae Economics and Business ◽

10.1515/eb-2018-0004 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 61-87

Author(s):

Abdulai Agbaje Salami ◽

Ahmad Bukola Uthman

Keyword(s):

Negative Impact ◽

Stock Exchange ◽

Annual Reports ◽

Operating Efficiency ◽

Bank Performance ◽

Regulatory Regime ◽

Bank Capital ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Net Interest Margin ◽

The Impact

Abstract This study examines the impact of bank capital and operating efficiency on the Nigerian deposit money bank financial performance with a view to resolving risk-based and non-risk-based capitals’ dichotomy existing in the bank literature. Using bank-specific data obtained from the annual reports and accounts of 15 banks listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange between 2012 and 2015, the panel data regression analyses revealed the superiority of standard capital ratio of equity-to-total-assets, a non-risk-based capital, over other measures. While all measures, both risk-based and non-risk-based capitals, showed significantly positive effects on bank performance as measured by return-on-asset, mixed results were obtained from other indicators: return-on-equity and net-interest-margin. Overall, only equity-to-total-assets influenced all adopted performance indicators positively. It was also found that operating efficiency measured by cost-to-income ratio had negative impact on bank performance, but on the average it appeared too high. Thus, incorporating the standard capital ratio of equity-to-total assets into regulatory regime by the banks’ regulator is recommended to ensure its relevance is not overshadowed.

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The Impact of Ceta Programs on Components of Participants' Earnings

ILR Review ◽

10.1177/001979398704000309 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 430-441 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Katherine P. Dickinson ◽

Terry R. Johnson ◽

Richard W. West

Keyword(s):

Nearest Neighbor ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Hourly Wage ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Hours Worked ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Hourly Wage Rate ◽

Women's Earnings ◽

The Impact

This paper provides the first estimates of the net impact of CETA participation on the components of CETA participants' post-program earnings. Employing a sample of 1975 CETA enrollees and comparison groups drawn from the March 1978 CPS using a nearest-neighbor matching technique, the authors estimate statistically significant negative effects on men's earnings and statistically significant positive effects on women's earnings. These results stem partly from the impact of CETA participation on the likelihood of being employed after leaving the program (negative for men, positive for women), but also from a negative impact on hours worked during the year and hourly wage rate for men and a large positive impact on hours worked per week and weeks worked per year for women.

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The impact of Covid-19 pandemic on mental health and help-seeking behavior among Italian university students. A descriptive and cross-sectional study (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.32515 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Micaela Di Consiglio ◽

Sheila Merola ◽

Tiziana Pascucci ◽

Cristiano Violani ◽

Alessandro Couyoumdjian

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

University Students ◽

Help Seeking ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Female Students ◽

Help Seeking Behavior ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Paranoid Ideation ◽

Seeking Behavior ◽

The Impact

BACKGROUND To reduce the spread of Covid-19 the Italian government imposed a rigid lockdown and, for a whole year, it kept declaring stringent rules to curb the community spread. The pandemic had a great negative impact on general population mental health, including the one of university students. OBJECTIVE The study provides an overview about symptomatology and help-seeking behavior of university students before and during the Covid-19 pandemic and it aims to evaluate the impact of the different phases of the pandemic on students' mental health. METHODS We collected data in four time points: (1) March 2019-February 2020, (2) March-May 2020, (3) October-December 2020, (4) January 2020-March 2021. A total of 454 students have been included in the study. Students answered a socio-demographic questionnaire and a standardized questionnaire to evaluate a broad range of symptoms of psychopathology. Descriptive analyses have been conducted to explore student’s symptomatology and help-seeking behavior. Considering the significant gender-difference distribution between groups, groups comparison analysis has been conducted considering male and female separately. RESULTS Considering the total sample size, results suggest that students have experienced moderate to severe levels of depressive, obsessive-compulsive and anxiety symptomatology. About 14% of the sample met criteria for at least one mental health disorders, but most of them were not receiving mental health care. Moreover, during the lockdown, compared with other phases, female students reported worse symptoms in the following dimension: obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, paranoid ideation and psychoticism. The increasing symptomatology quickly disappeared after the lifting of the quarantine. Results showed any difference in the male groups. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the view of a negative mental health condition of university students and indicate an increase of symptomatology during the lockdown among female students. Preventive and support strategies should be improved in the university context.

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The Impact of an Outdoor and Adventure Sports Course on the Wellbeing of Recovering UK Military Personnel: An Exploratory Study

Sports ◽

10.3390/sports7050112 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 112 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mariana Kaiseler ◽

Chris Kay ◽

Jim McKenna

Keyword(s):

Military Personnel ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Basic Psychological Needs ◽

Psychological Wellbeing ◽

Research Attention ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Long Term Impact ◽

The Impact ◽

Adventure Sports

UK military personnel have faced increased demands over the last three decades; these have affected their wellbeing and caused multiple physical and mental health problems. Currently, bespoke rehabilitation systems may recommend participation in sports programmes. Although research attention has been drawn to the short-term positive effects of these programmes, their long-term impact on psychological wellbeing is unknown. To address this gap, the current study explored the long-term impact of a sports programme on UK military personnel’s ability to make changes in their day-to-day life through the lens of psychological wellbeing. For this purpose, UK military personnel (n = 97) completed an online survey aiming to provide a quantitative and qualitative picture of their experiences of an outdoor and adventure sports programme, underpinned by the basic psychological needs theory, six months following completion. Findings suggest that 75% of respondents found that the course was useful for facilitating adaptive changes. Content analysis suggests that elements of the course seem to satisfy their basic psychological needs of competence, relatedness and autonomy. Activities initiated six months after the course are mostly aligned with improved psychological wellbeing. Useful theoretical and applied implications are discussed.

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Interrelationship between Sleep and Exercise: A Systematic Review

Advances in Preventive Medicine ◽

10.1155/2017/1364387 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Brett A. Dolezal ◽

Eric V. Neufeld ◽

David M. Boland ◽

Jennifer L. Martin ◽

Christopher B. Cooper

Keyword(s):

Sports Medicine ◽

Exercise Intervention ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Sleep Study ◽

Exercise Interventions ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Study Results ◽

Intensity Of Exercise ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

Although a substantial body of literature has explored the relationship between sleep and exercise, comprehensive reviews and definitive conclusions about the impact of exercise interventions on sleep are lacking. Electronic databases were searched for articles published between January 2013 and March 2017. Studies were included if they possessed either objective or subjective measures of sleep and an exercise intervention that followed the guidelines recommended by the American College of Sports Medicine. Thirty-four studies met these inclusion criteria. Twenty-nine studies concluded that exercise improved sleep quality or duration; however, four found no difference and one reported a negative impact of exercise on sleep. Study results varied most significantly due to participants’ age, health status, and the mode and intensity of exercise intervention. Mixed findings were reported for children, adolescents, and young adults. Interventions conducted with middle-aged and elderly adults reported more robust results. In these cases, exercise promoted increased sleep efficiency and duration regardless of the mode and intensity of activity, especially in populations suffering from disease. Our review suggests that sleep and exercise exert substantial positive effects on one another; however, to reach a true consensus, the mechanisms behind these observations must first be elucidated.

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Leisure participation and satisfaction in autistic adults and neurotypical adults

Autism ◽

10.1177/1362361318791275 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 993-1004 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Taylor-Leigh Stacey ◽

Elspeth H Froude ◽

Julian Trollor ◽

Kitty-Rose Foley

Keyword(s):

Standard Deviation ◽

Leisure Activities ◽

Leisure Activity ◽

Well Being ◽

Primary Outcome Measure ◽

Leisure Satisfaction ◽

Adults With Autism ◽

Satisfaction Scale ◽

Leisure Participation ◽

Autistic Adults

Leisure participation is important for well-being and has been attributed to improved quality of life for autistic individuals. Rigorous studies exploring the leisure participation of autistic adults are sparse. This study aimed to compare the type of leisure activity and frequency of participation between autistic adults and neurotypical adults as well as compare and identify factors associated with their leisure satisfaction. Data for 145 autistic and 104 neurotypical adults were obtained from time point one of the Australian Longitudinal Study of Adults with Autism. The primary outcome measure used was the Leisure Satisfaction Scale. Autistic adults were less satisfied with their leisure overall (mean = 3.29, standard deviation = 0.75) compared with neurotypical adults (mean = 3.69, standard deviation = 0.55). Multiple linear regression revealed being younger and reporting less depressive symptoms were significantly associated with higher leisure satisfaction in autistic but not neurotypical adults. Engagement in solitary leisure activities was comparable across participants, but socialising in person was predominated by neurotypical adults. Leisure activity preferences of autistic adults’ and the frequency of their leisure participation are important factors for clinicians to understand when working with this population and tailoring well-being interventions.

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The Impact of Supervisor Support on Employees’ Psychological Wellbeing: A Parallel Mediation Analysis of Work-To-Family Conflict and Job Satisfaction

International Business Research ◽

10.5539/ibr.v13n11p41 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 41

Author(s):

Erasmus Keli Swanzy

Keyword(s):

Job Satisfaction ◽

Mediation Analysis ◽

Family Conflict ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Supervisor Support ◽

Psychological Wellbeing ◽

Cape Coast ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

This study tries to examine the influence of work-to-family conflict and job satisfaction on the relationship between supervisor support and the psychological wellbeing of 290 administrative workers at the University of Cape Coast, Ghana. The results of the parallel mediation analysis showed that supervisor support had a significant positive impact on employees’ psychological wellbeing and job satisfaction and also had a significant negative impact on employees’ work-to-family conflict. Moreover, the study found a direct positive effect of employees’ job satisfaction on their psychological wellbeing but did not find a direct negative effect of employees’ work-to-family conflict on their psychological wellbeing. In addition, job satisfaction mediated the association between supervisor support and the psychological wellbeing of employees. The study however found no evidence of the mediating influence of work-to-family conflict on the relationship between supervisor support and employees’ psychological wellbeing. Both theoretical and practical implications were further discussed.

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Does official development assistance affect a donor’s exports? South Korea’s case

SN Business & Economics ◽

10.1007/s43546-021-00145-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (10) ◽

Author(s):

Bobae Noh ◽

Almas Heshmati

Keyword(s):

Bilateral Trade ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Sample Selection ◽

Development Assistance ◽

Estimation Method ◽

Official Development Assistance ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Unobserved Effects ◽

The Impact ◽

The Empirical Analysis

AbstractThis paper studies the impact of official development assistance (ODA) provided by South Korea for its exports to recipient countries. The empirical analysis is based on data from 1996 to 2014 and covers 121 recipient countries. The paper uses a 3SLS estimation method that accounts for a two-way causal relationship between ODA and exports while the endogeneity and sample selection bias are accounted for. Using the gravity model, we confirm the positive effects of ODA when fixed unobserved effects are controlled. The model is further generalized by disaggregating ODA into its underlying types of aid. Our results show that technical cooperation and loans have positive and significant effects, but grants have a negative impact on South Korea’s exports to recipient countries. In addition, we also examine South Korea’s ODA allocations. Our findings suggest that there is a two-stage decision-making process in the provision of aid. In the first stage, the aid’s humanitarian purpose plays a key role in responding to countries’ needs even when there is lower bilateral trade with these countries. In the second stage, decisions regarding the size of ODA are considered and these present a mixed purpose for giving ODA to higher importer countries.

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China’s VAT Tax Reform: A Boon for the Economy or an Opportunity for Moral Hazard?

Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies ◽

10.1142/s0219091520500046 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (01) ◽

pp. 2050004

Author(s):

Ben Sopranzetti ◽

Yue Ma

Keyword(s):

Moral Hazard ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Value Added ◽

Free Cash Flow ◽

Chinese Government ◽

Effective Tax Rate ◽

Tax Rate ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Tax Savings ◽

The Impact

In 2012, the Chinese government replaced the existing business sales tax with a Value-added tax for some, but not all, Shanghainese firms. The change was intended to reduce the effective tax rate for firms and stimulate capital investment and employment. Of concern is the potential for managerial moral hazard, whereby self-interested managers might appropriate some of the tax savings for themselves rather than use the tax savings as intended. This paper examines the impact of the tax change on the affected firms and finds no significant evidence that the intended positive effects were achieved. Moreover, it also finds no strong evidence of moral hazard. Instead, the paper documents that the tax change seems to have had a deleterious effect on firm performance. Specifically, employee compensation, capital expenditures, and free cash flow are all lower when the tax changes became effective, with the negative impact on cash flows lingering through 2014. An examination of the effective tax rate reveals that the tax change increased rather than decreased the effective tax rate in 2012 and 2013.

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Social Support and HIV Prevention Behaviors among urban HIV- Negative Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men who Have Sex with Men

10.31234/osf.io/nh4g5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shayna Skakoon-Sparling ◽

Graham Berlin ◽

Nathan Lachowsky ◽

David M. Moore ◽

Gilles Lambert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Hiv Risk ◽

Minority Stress ◽

Perceived Social Support ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Internalized Homonegativity ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Sex With Men ◽

The Impact ◽

Hiv Negative

Objective: Supportive social relationships can have direct positive effects on health and miti-gate the negative impact of stressors. This study investigated the main effect of perceived social support on STI/HIV risk and prevention behaviors. The buffering effect of perceived social support on the impact of proximal minority stressors, like internalized homonegativity, was also examined on one risk behavior specifically, condomless anal sex (CAS) without HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use. Methods: HIV-negative gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM) were recruited using respondent driven sampling from three major Canadian urban centers (n = 1,409). GBM completed measures of perceived social support, proximal minority stress, and engagement in STI/HIV risk and prevention behaviors. Results: Higher perceived social support was positively associated with a several health behaviors, in-cluding recent STI and HIV testing, discussing HIV status with prospective partners, the use of behavioral HIV-risk reduction strategies during sexual encounters, and a lower likelihood of en-gaging in CAS without PrEP. There was evidence of moderation as well. Among GBM with higher perceived social support, internalized homonegativity was no longer associated with in-creased odds of engaging in CAS without PrEP. Conclusions: The results of the current study advance social support theory to GBM in the context of biomedical prevention, showing both evidence of both direct associations and buffering effects on STI/HIV risk and prevention be-haviors. This highlights the importance of promoting social support seeking in interventions aimed at improving GBM health.

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