Driving turnout: the effect of car ownership on electoral participation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Justin de Benedictis-Kessner ◽  
Maxwell Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Voter Participation ◽  
Car Ownership ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Fixed Effects Models ◽  
Registered Voters ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Inequalities in voter participation between groups of the population pose a problem for democratic representation. We use administrative data on 6.7 million registered voters to show that a previously-ignored characteristic of voters—access to a personal automobile—creates large disparities in in-person voting rates. Lack of access to a car depresses election day voter turnout by substantively large amounts across a variety of fixed-effects models that account for other environmental and voter characteristics. Car access creates the largest hindrance to voting for those people who live farther from the polls. These effects do not appear for absentee voting, suggesting a simple policy solution to solve large disparities in political participation. This study contributes to the theoretic understanding of political participation as well as the impact of potential policy reforms to solve participatory gaps.

scholarly journals Three Essays on Adverse Events and Student Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Olivia Wills
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Degree Completion ◽  
Student Outcomes ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Low Ability

<p>This dissertation contains three essays on the impact of unexpected adverse events on student outcomes. All three attempt to identify causal inference using plausibly exogenous shocks and econometric tools, applied to rich administrative data.  In Chapter 2, I present evidence of the causal effects of the 2011 Christchurch earthquake on tertiary enrolment and completion. Using the shock of the 2011 earthquake on high school students in the Canterbury region, I estimate the effect of the earthquake on a range of outcomes including tertiary enrolment, degree completion and wages. I find the earthquake causes a substantial increase in tertiary enrolment, particularly for low ability high school leavers from damaged schools. However, I find no evidence that low ability students induced by the earthquake complete a degree on time.  In Chapter 3, I identify the impact of repeat disaster exposure on university performance, by comparing outcomes for students who experience their first earthquake while in university, to outcomes for students with prior earthquake exposure. Using a triple-differences estimation strategy with individual-by-year fixed effects, I identify a precise null effect, suggesting that previous experience of earthquakes is not predictive of response to an additional shock two years later.  The final chapter investigates the impact of injuries sustained in university on academic performance and wages, using administrative data including no-fault insurance claims, emergency department attendance and hospital admissions, linked with tertiary enrolment. I find injuries, including minor injuries, have a negative effect on re-enrolment, degree completion and grades in university.</p>

Fewer voters, higher stakes? The applicability of rational choice for voter turnout in Quebec municipalities

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 990-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Breux ◽  
Jérôme Couture ◽  
Nicole Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Rational Choice ◽  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Voter Participation ◽  
Local Elections ◽  
Multivariate Regression Model ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Rational Voter ◽  
The Impact

Municipal voter turnout is often considered to be a function of electorate size. According to the rational choice theory of voter behavior, a rational voter is more inclined to abstain in the presence of larger electorates, and more likely to participate in smaller ones. This article examines the impact of electorate size on voter turnout using a multivariate regression model to explain voter participation in Quebec municipalities in the 2009 and 2013 local elections ( N = 1040). Several other assumptions pertaining to the rational voter are also tested. We find that rational choice theory explains 45% of municipal voter participation in these Quebec elections and that it supports the probability of pivotal voting. Our analysis also confirms that the number of electors, number of mayoral candidates, tax rate, presence of a political party, and incumbency have different effects on participation in small and large municipalities.

Voter Turnout, Information Acquisition and Education: Evidence from 15 European Countries

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Borgonovi ◽  
Beatrice d'Hombres ◽  
Bryony Hoskins
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Information Acquisition ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Compulsory Schooling ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This article examines the impact of education on political participation in 15 European countries. We use data from the European Social Survey and find that education is positively associated with voter turnout and information acquisition about politics and currents affairs. However, when we use exogeneous changes in compulsory schooling to instrument education, we observe a statistically significant causal relationship in the case of information acquisition but not voter turnout.

scholarly journals Editorial Power, People and Constitutional Engineering

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-327
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Voter Participation ◽  
The Political ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
General Elections ◽  
Registered Voters ◽  
Elected Representatives

In 2005, a number of alarming reports on voter participation, social exclusion and political participation were published by the Electoral Commission in the United Kingdom. One third of the electorate do not feel represented by any of the political parties. Less than one in five votes had any impact on the outcome of elections in 2001 and 2005. In the 2005 election, 39% of registered voters did not vote. The turnout for general elections has declined significantly since 1997, and elected representatives are held in low esteem.

American and German Trends in Sex Differences in Political Participation

1985 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
CAROL A. CHRISTY
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Voter Turnout ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Trend Data ◽  
Farming Families ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the impact of economic development and generational turnover on trends in sex differences in political participation. Election studies of the United States and West Germany are the sources of the trend data, which cover the period between 1952-1953 and 1980. Controls are imposed for increased education levels, the decreased preponderance of rural residents and farming families, and the replacement of older generations by younger ones. The results show that these socioeconomic processes have had a negligible impact on the sex difference trends. Furthermore, these socioeconomic processes cannot explain the variations in the rate of change by nation and by indicator of political participation. The article identifies different configurations of factors affecting the trends in voter turnout, in media attention and discussion, and in organizationally related types of campaign activity.

scholarly journals Implementing the panel event study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 853-884
Author(s):  
Damian Clarke ◽  
Kathya Tapia-Schythe
Keyword(s):  
Event Study ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Fixed Effects Models ◽  
Simple Estimation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Relevant Community

Many studies estimate the impact of exposure to some quasiexperimental policy or event using a panel event study design. These models, as a generalized extension of “difference-in-differences” designs or two-way fixed-effects models, allow for dynamic leads and lags to the event of interest to be estimated, while also controlling for fixed factors (often) by area and time. In this article, we discuss the setup of the panel event study design in a range of situations and lay out several practical considerations for its estimation. We describe a command, eventdd, that allows for simple estimation, inference, and visualization of event study models in a range of circumstances. We then provide several examples to illustrate eventdd’s use and flexibility, as well as its interaction with various native Stata commands, and other relevant community-contributed commands such as reghdfe and boottest.

scholarly journals The Driving Factor for Stability of Voter Turnout in Southeast Asia: The Evidence from Malaysian and Indonesian Elections

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Husnul Isa Harahap ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Implication ◽  
Voter Participation ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Political Awareness ◽  
Political Perceptions ◽  
Comparison Approach ◽  
Analyse Data

The objective of the study was to describe voter participation (turnout) in South East Asia, particlarry in Indonesian and Malaysian elections from 2004–2019, and the factors that cause stable participation. The participation of voters (turnout) in Malaysia’s elections from 2004–2018 is 73.90–84%. The participation of voters in Indonesia’s elections from 2004–2019 is 70.99–84.09%. This means that voter participation in the last three election periods was stable in both countries. This study shows that four factors cause stable participation: political awareness, rationality, political perceptions, and electoral orientation that is candidate-oriented. The theoretical implication of this study was to strengthen Timothy Feddersen and Alvaro Sandroni, and John G. Matsusaka’s theory about voter political participation or voter behaviour on election day. The originality of this study is that there are special characteristics behind stable political participation in Indonesia and Malaysia. Methods of data collection in this study is based on literature study and analytical method uses the descriptive analysis method. This study also uses a political comparison approach to analyse data.

scholarly journals The Spatial Effect of Aging Population on Innovation in Entrepreneurship--Based on Empirical Analysis of Western China

2021 ◽  
pp. 238-254
Author(s):  
Yunqing Su, Yi Li
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Model ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Aging Population ◽  
Spatial Effect ◽  
Western China ◽  
Spatial Lag ◽  
Mediated Effects ◽  
Fixed Effects Models ◽  
The Impact

This study researches the impact of an aging population on Innovation in Entrepreneurship (IE), and applying fixed effects models (FE), mediated effects models and spatial lag regression model (SAR) to panel data of Western China (excluding Tibet) from 2004 to 2019.The results showed that an aging population and IE inverted significantly U-curve, and human capital plays a significant partial mediation between the two. A theoretical perspective based on the First Law of Geography, in the western China, aging population and IE are both positive spatial correlation, and both show the characteristics of "High-High" spatial agglomeration. Under the spatial model, aging population and IE also inverted U-curve.

scholarly journals Grandparenthood, grandchild care and depression among older people in 18 countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2-2019) ◽  
pp. 216-239
Author(s):  
Valeria Bordone ◽  
Bruno Arpino
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Older People ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Clear Pattern ◽  
Longitudinal Structure ◽  
Fixed Effects Models ◽  
Grandchild Care ◽  
The Impact

Due to the increasing central role of grandparenthood in later life, sound knowledge about its effects on older people’s health is more and more important. This paper examines the impact of becoming a grandparent, having more grandchildren, and engaging in grandchild care on depressive symptoms. Moreover, based on the structural ambivalence theory, we expect that such effects differ across contexts as (grand)childcare is differently organised across Europe. Taking advantage of the longitudinal structure of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), we estimate fixed-effects models. Our results show that women face a decline in depressive symptoms when becoming grandmothers, but neither an increase in the number of grandchildren nor changes in grandchild care are associated with changes in depressive symptoms. The analyses by country highlight differences across Europe, without, however, drawing a clear pattern. Our results show that depression consequences of grandparenthood also vary between countries characterised by similar roles of grandparents. This suggests the need to make available more refined questions about grandparenthood in surveys on older people.

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