scholarly journals Coprophilous fungi from dung of the Greater One-Horned Rhino in Kaziranga National Park, India and its implication to paleoherbivory and paleoecology

2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadhan K. Basumatary ◽  
H. Gregory McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
National Park ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Coprophilous Fungi ◽  
Kaziranga National Park ◽  
Rhinoceros Unicornis ◽  
Different Types ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractFungal spores, especially those of coprophilous fungi, are present in dung middens ofRhinoceros unicornis(greater one-horned rhinoceros) in both forest and grassland areas of the Kaziranga National Park, India. The presence of coprophilous fungi on rhino dung, chieflySporormiella,Saccobolus,Ascodesmis,Cercophora, andSordaria, is documented for the first time. TheSporormiella–Ascodesmis–Saccobolusassemblage is abundant and characterizes the rhino dung in forest and grassland areas. The presence of coprophilous fungi spores allows for an examination of the relationship between rhinoceros ecology and the flora and other fauna in the region. The overall dataset is useful in interpreting the present and past distribution of rhino and other associated animals based on the relative abundance of different types of coprophilous fungi spores and their relationship to paleoherbivory and paleoecology in India and adjoining areas.

scholarly journals The longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) of National Park «Kremenetski Hory»

2020 ◽  
pp. 129-140
Author(s):  
Iryna Dovganyuk ◽  
Andrew M. Zamoroka
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Quantitative Study ◽  
National Park ◽  
Longhorn Beetles ◽  
Different Types ◽  
First Time

The fauna of the longhorn beetles of ecoregion of Kremenetski Hory and the eponymous National Park was studied very poorly. In the most recent catalogue of Cerambycidae of Western Podillya it was listed only 13 species for the ecoregion. Including other sources, to date, it was known 17 species of the longhorn beetles. In the current study we identified 59 species of the longhorn beetles, 42 of which are reported for the first time for National Park «Kremenetski Hory» and the ecoregion in general. Under our proposed prediction the Cerambycidae species richness should reach 100-120 species. We also presented result of quantitative study of the longhorn beetles within different types of ecosystems of National Park «Kremenetski Hory». We revealed that 10 species are the most abundant on the studied territory.

Sharing schistosomes: the elephant schistosome Bivitellobilharzia nairi also infects the greater one-horned rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) in Chitwan National Park, Nepal

2012 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Devkota ◽  
S.V. Brant ◽  
A. Thapa ◽  
E.S. Loker
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Digenetic Trematode ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Rhinoceros Unicornis ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Distinct Genus ◽  
Freshwater Habitats ◽  
Chitwan National Park ◽  
Host Infection ◽  
First Time

AbstractBecause the digenetic trematode fauna of Nepal is poorly known, we began to search for schistosomes in and around Chitwan National Park (CNP) of southern Nepal. Both domestic and wild Indian elephants (Elephus maximus) are present, and we found one of two dung samples from wild elephants and 1 of 22 (4.5%) dung samples from domestic elephants to be positive for schistosome eggs. The morphology of the eggs and both cox1 and 28S sequences derived from the eggs/miracidia were consistent with Bivitellobilharzia nairi, reported here for the first time from Nepal. Also, 7 of 14 faecal samples from the Asian or greater one-horned rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) contained viable eggs indistinguishable from those of B. nairi. This identification was confirmed by comparison with both cox1 and 28S sequences from B. nairi eggs/miracidia derived from Nepalese and Sri Lankan elephants. This represents the first sequence-verified identification of a schistosome from any species of rhinoceros, and the first verified occurrence of a representative of Bivitellobilharzia (a genus of ‘elephant schistosomes’) in mammals other than elephants. Our work suggests that elephants and rhinos share B. nairi in CNP, even though these two members of the ‘charismatic megafauna’ belong to unrelated mammalian families. Their shared life style of extensive contact with freshwater habitats likely plays a role, although the snail intermediate host and mode of definitive host infection for B. nairi have yet to be documented. This report also supports Bivitellobilharzia as a monophyletic group and its status as a distinct genus within Schistosomatidae.

scholarly journals Hypogeous Fungi Occurance, Distribution and Mycorrhizal Hosts in Grand Teton National Park and John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Memorial Parkway

1988 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 107-108
Author(s):  
Steven Miller
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Small Mammal ◽  
National Park ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Hypogeous Fungi ◽  
Grand Teton National Park ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
Management Recommendations

The research underway has two primary objectives. The first objective is to collect and identify the species of hypogeous fungi associated with ectomycorrhizal vascular plant hosts occurring in Grand Teton National Park and the John D. Rockefeller Memorial Parkway (GTNP) over a 3 year period. Upon completion of the inventory, distribution, host specificity, substrate preference, phenology of fruiting, and relative abundance and importance of each species will be determined. The second objective is to document small mammal activity associated with sporocarps of the hypogeous fungi. The role that small mammals play in dispersal of hypogeous fungal spores into disturbed areas, and the relative dependance of the animals on different species of hypogeous fungi will be estimated. Upon collection of hypogeous fungi, hypotheses relating to their niche importance in natural, relatively undisturbed ecosystems in GTNP will be developed and tested, with emphasis on future research and management recommendations.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Helminths in Wild Asian Elephant and Indian Rhinoceros in Chitwan and Bardia National Park, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 60-74
Author(s):  
M. K. Shahi ◽  
K. P. Gairhe
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Asian Elephant ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Heritage Culture ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Rhinoceros Unicornis ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Fasciola Spp

 The Nepalese elephant (Elephas maximus maximus) and rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis), are an important part of Nepal’s heritage, culture and wildlife conservation. Despite its importance, not much is known about the helminth parasites that affect elephant and rhinoceros. This study investigates the prevalence of helminth parasites in wild Asian Elephant and wild Indian Rhinoceros.A study was conducted from November 2011 to April 2012 to screen helminth parasites of wild asian elephant and wild Indian Rhinoceros at Chitwan and Bardia National Park of Nepal. Total of 80 samples, 40 each taken from the Wild Asian Elephants and Indian Rhinoceros. The study showed 88.75% overall prevalence of helminthes. The prevalence in Wild Asian Elephant and Indian Rhinoceros was 95% and 82.5% respectively. 97.37% and 72.73% infection were mixed infections in elephant and rhinoceros respectively.Among 38 positive samples of the elephant of CNP and BNP, 9 different types of helminth eggs were found. 15 (39.47%) were positive for Fasciola Spp. With 450 EPG count, 11 (28.95%) for Paramphistomum spp. with 600 EPG, 27 (71.05%) for Schistosoma spp. with 500 EPG, 3 (7.89%) for Dicrocoelium spp. with 900 EPG, 12 (30.16%) for Moniezia spp. with 433.3 EPG, 17 (44.74%) for Oesophagostomum spp. with 1025 EPG, 10 (26.31%) for Chabartia spp. with 1141.65 EPG, 17 (44.74) for Strongyloides spp. with 15558.335 EPG and 23 (60.53%) for Strongylus spp. with 1700 EPG.Similarly out of the 33 positive samples of Rhinoceros of CNP and BNP, 8 different types of helminth eggs were found. 11 (33.33%) were positive for Fasciola Spp. With 558.34 EPG, 10 (30.30%) for Paramphistomum spp. with 525 EPG, 7 (21.21%) for Schistosoma spp. with 475 EPG, 4 (12.12%) for Moniezia spp. with 650 EPG, 6 (18.18%) for Strongyloides spp. with 1466.67 EPG, 4 (12.12%) for Strongylus spp. with 1625 EPG, 9 (27.27%) for Toxocara spp. with 699.98 EPG and 20 (60.61%) for Trychostrongylus spp. with 1149.98 were found to be positive.

Niche overlap and ecological tolerance of non-marine Ostracoda in Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 552-558
Author(s):  
Okan Külköylüoğlu ◽  
Ozan Yılmaz
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Niche Overlap ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Common Resource ◽  
Optimum Estimates ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Heterocypris Incongruens ◽  
Eleven Species

AbstractWe applied niche overlap indices to for the first time show possible correlational occurrences among 40 non-marine ostracod taxa from seven aquatic habitats (lakes, creeks, ponds, springs, ditches, pools, troughs) in Turkey. Ecological tolerance and optimum estimates of each species were calculated and compared to explain possible reasons for habitat utilization. Eleven species were found suitable for the application of these indices. Overlap ranges of five of the species were found suitable for five variables (pH, dissolved oxygen, water temperature, electrical conductivity, and elevation; P < 0.05). Heterocypris incongruens (Ramdohr, 1808) and H. salina (Brady, 1868) were the only two species with common overlap for all the five variables. These two species generally showed common resource-utilization curves for each of these variables along with relatively similar tolerance ranges. Complete overlap was only possible for some cosmoecious species when they displayed wide-tolerance ranges and low optimum estimates for different environmental variables. Results suggest that cosmopolitan species do not only have wide geographical distributions but tolerance ranges higher than other species. Such wide tolerance ranges seem to help species coinhabit with each other and elevate their co-occurrence probabilities in different types of habitats. Applying the first usage of overlap indices on ostracods and attempting to show the relationship between niche overlap and species ecological tolerance could nevertheless provide a new tool to apply in future studies.

scholarly journals The crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis was mediated by phosphorylation of Bcl-2 and beclin1 in benzene-induced hematotoxicity

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujiao Chen ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Xiaoli Guo ◽  
Jing Ren ◽  
Ai Gao
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Hematological Cancer ◽  
Exposed Workers ◽  
Different Types ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Increasing evidence suggested that benzene exposure resulted in different types of hematological cancer. Both autophagy and apoptosis were reported to play vital roles in benzene toxicity, but the relationship between autophagy and apoptosis remain unclear in benzene-induced hematotoxicity. In this study, the toxic effect of benzene on autophagy and apoptosis in benzene-exposed workers and in vitro were verified. Results showed that benzene metabolite (1, 4-benzoquinone, 1, 4-BQ) dose-dependently induced autophagy and apoptosis via enhancing phosphorylation of Bcl-2 and beclin1. Finally, we also found that the elevated ROS was in line with enhancing the phosphorylation of Bcl-2 and beclin1 which contributed to 1, 4-BQ-induced autophagy and apoptosis. Taken together, this study for the first time found that the effect of 1, 4-BQ on the crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis were modulated by the ROS generation via enhancing phosphorylation of Bcl-2(Ser70) and phosphorylation of beclin1(Thr119), which offered a novel insight into underlying molecular mechanisms of benzene-induced hematotoxicity, and specifically how the crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis was involved in benzene toxicity. This work provided novel evidence for the toxic effects and risk assessment of benzene.

scholarly journals Abundance of Multiple-Antibiotic-Resistant Salmonella Strains in Fecal Samples of Rhinoceros unicornis of the Kaziranga National Park, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 298-313
Author(s):  
Tilak Saha ◽  
Dibyendu Paul ◽  
Ranadhir Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
National Park ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Resistance Profile ◽  
Class 1 Integrons ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽  
Kaziranga National Park ◽  
Rhinoceros Unicornis ◽  
Class 1

Aims: This study was undertaken to assess the abundance of multiple-antibiotic-resistant (MAR) Salmonella strains in fecal samples of Rhinoceros unicornis of the Kaziranga National Park (KNP), India. Study Design: Antibiotic-resistance profile of the Salmonella isolates from fecal samples of rhinoceros was carried out by replica plating on Muller Hinton Agar (MHA) plates containing antibiotics. The presence of class 1 integrons in metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) producing Salmonella isolates was determined by multiplex PCR. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out on rhinos of KNP situated in the Golaghat district of Assam, India in April 2015. Methodology: Fresh rhino fecal samples (designated as 1R, 2R, 3R, 4R and 5R) were dilution plated onto MacConkey agar. Purified bacterial colonies were then streaked separately on bismuth sulphite (BS) agar plates. All black colonies which are characteric growth of Salmonella were selected and used to make master plates on Luria Agar. To determine the antibiotic-resistance profile of the isolates, master-plates of purified single colonies of Salmonella spp. were                  replicate-printed on plates containing antibiotics from the β-lactam, aminoglycoside, or quinolone groups. To detect the presence of an integron, a conserved segment polymerase chain reaction was used. Results: 97.6% of the Salmonella isolates tested were resistant to >1 antibiotics (multidrug resistant or MAR). A total of 100 isolates from two fecal samples, 4R and 5R, were found to be imipenem resistant; 52 of them tested positive for the presence of MBLs. Five of the twenty MBL producing strains contained class 1 integrons. Conclusion: Because Salmonella is usually spread by drinking contaminated water, it is likely that water bodies in KNP are contaminated with MAR Salmonella strains. In case of Salmonellosis outbreak among Indian one-horned rhinos, our antibiogram will assist the veterinarians to choose the appropriate regimen of antibiotics for the rhinos in the KNP.

Affirmative Action and Leadership Attitudes in Brazilian Women Managers

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gazi Islam ◽  
Sarah E. S. Zilenovsky
Keyword(s):  
Affirmative Action ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Women Managers ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Preferential Selection ◽  
Justice Perceptions ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

This note examines the relationship between affirmative action (AA) program perceptions and women’s self-ascribed capacity and desire to become leaders. We propose that women who believe that their organization implements a program of preferential selection toward women will experience negative psychological effects leading to lowered self-expectations for leadership, but that this effect will be moderated by their justice perceptions of AA programs. We test this proposition empirically for the first time with a Latin American female sample. Among Brazilian women managers, desire but not self-ascribed capacity to lead was reduced when they believed an AA policy was in place. Both desire’s and capacity’s relationships with belief in an AA policy were moderated by justice perceptions.

The revision of lichens, lichenicolous and non-lichenized fungi from the Vodlozersky National Park (Republic of Karelia, Russia) in the Herbarium of the Botanical Museum, University of Helsinki

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-348
Author(s):  
V. N. Tarasova ◽  
T. Ahti ◽  
O. Vitikainen ◽  
A. V. Sonina ◽  
L. Myllys
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Lichenized Fungi ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Lichenicolous Fungi ◽  
Biogeographic Province ◽  
Botanical Museum ◽  
The Republic ◽  
First Time ◽  
Lichen Flora

This is a report of a revision of 565 herbarium specimens of lichens, lichenicolous or non-lichenized fungi and additional locality records of common species produced from a visit of the Russian-Finnish expedition to Vodlozersky National Park right after its foundation in 1991. The analyzed collection and field records represent the earliest information about the lichen flora of the territory of the park. In total, 177 species are listed including 173 lichens, 3 non-lichenized and 1 lichenicolous fungi. Xylographa rubescens is new to the Republic of Karelia. Twenty two species are reported for the first time for biogeographic province Karelia transonegensis; 47 species for the Karelian part of Vodlozersky National Park; and 17 species for the whole territory of the park.

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