Early Influences on the School Social Adjustment of Twins

1987 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Hay ◽  
P.J. O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Social Maladjustment ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Extreme Prematurity ◽  
Mediating Factor ◽  
To Come ◽  
The One ◽  
Intervening Variables ◽  
Early Influences

AbstractThe birth of twins is often accompanied by complications which may affect both twins equally (eg, prematurity) or which may establish differences between the twins (eg, one coming home from hospital first). Parents' ratings of behaviour may reflect and even perpetuate the influence of such variables and it is of interest to see if people less familiar with the twins' history can observe any long-term effects. In the La Trobe Twin Study teachers routinely complete the Bristol Social Adjustment Guide, an assessment of social maladjustment in children aged 5-16 years. Extreme prematurity and problems at delivery were generally associated with the Underreaction syndrome - the child who is unforthcoming, withdrawn and depressed. Withdrawal, depression and maladaptive behaviour to classroom peers were much more common among those twins discharged from hospital after the cotwin. A major mediating factor was that the parents admitted to greatly preferring the one to come home first. These raise questions both about the practice of bringing twins home separately (which occurred in 21% of the cases) and about intervening variables in studies of personality and temperament.

scholarly journals Biodiversity of butterflies in endosulfan-affected areas of Kerala, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. N. Raghavendra ◽  
Kumar Arvind ◽  
G. K. Anushree ◽  
Tony Grace
Keyword(s):  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Affected Area ◽  
Butterfly Assemblages ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
The One ◽  
One Way Anova

Abstract Background Butterflies are considered as bio-indicators of a healthy and diversified ecosystem. Endosulfan was sprayed indiscriminately in large plantations of Kasaragod district, Kerala which had caused serious threats to the ecosystem. In this study, we surveyed the butterflies for their abundance and diversity in three differentially endosulfan-affected areas viz., Enmakaje—highly affected area, Periye—moderately affected area, Padanakkad—unaffected area, carried out between the end of the monsoon season and the start of the winter season, lasting approximately 100 days. Seven variables viz., butterfly abundance (N), species richness (S), Simpson’s reciprocal index (D), the Shannon–Wiener index (H′), the exponential of the Shannon–Wiener index (expH′), Pielou’s evenness (J) and species evenness (D/S), related to species diversity were estimated, followed by the one-way ANOVA (F = 25.01, p < 0.001) and the Kruskal-Wallis test (H = 22.59, p < 0.001). Results A population of three different butterfly assemblages comprised of 2300 butterflies which represented 61 species were encountered. Our results showed that Enmakaje displayed significantly lower butterfly diversity and abundance, compared to the other two communities. Conclusion So far, this is the first study concerning the effect of endosulfan on the biodiversity of butterfly in the affected areas of Kasaragod, Kerala, India. This study may present an indirect assessment of the persisting effects of endosulfan in the affected areas, suggesting its long-term effects on the ecosystem.

Bildungsgerechtigkeit in der Krise: Welche potenziellen Auswirkungen hat die Corona-Pandemie auf die frühe Bildung?

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 419-435
Author(s):  
Susanne Lochner ◽  
Katharina Kopp
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Educational Inequality ◽  
Educational Equality ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Frühe Bildung ◽  
The One

Die Maßnahmen zur Eindämmung der Covid-19-Pandemie trafen Familien mit kleinen Kindern besonders hart: Ausgangsbeschränkungen, die Abriegelung von Spielplätzen und allem voran die Schließungen von Kinderbetreuungseinrichtungen stellten nicht nur den familiären Alltag auf den Kopf, sondern haben möglicherweise auch langfristige Folgen für die altersgerechte Entwicklung und den Kompetenzerwerb von Kindern. Dieser Beitrag widmet sich der Frage, welche Auswirkungen sich aus den Einschränkungen des Kita-­Betriebs in der Corona-Pandemie auf die Bildungsgerechtigkeit in der frühen Kindheit ergeben können. Da keine vergleichbaren historischen Ereignisse zur Prognose von potenziellen Auswirkungen herangezogen werden können, werden zum einen die Ergebnisse von Wirksamkeitsstudien zu institutionalisierter früher Bildung aufbereitet und zum anderen erste Befunde aus ad-hoc Erhebungen des ersten Lockdowns im Frühjahr 2020 analysiert. Bilanzierend werden aus den Befunden mögliche kurz-, mittel- und langfristige Auswirkungen abgeleitet, die Bildungsungerechtigkeit bereits in der frühen Kindheit verstärken können. Abstract: Educational Equality in the Crisis: What Impact does the Corona Pandemic have on Early Childhood Education? The actions taken to contain the Covid-19 pandemic hit families with young children particularly hard. Social restrictions, the closure of playgrounds and, above all, the lockdown of day-care facilities did not only turn everyday family life upside down, but could also have long-term consequences for child development and acquisition of skills. This article is devoted to the question of what effects the measures to contain the coronavirus pandemic can have on educational equality in early childhood. Since no comparable historical events can be used to forecast potential impacts, the results of efficacy studies on institutionalized early education are reported on the one hand and initial findings from ad-hoc surveys conducted during the first lockdown in spring 2020 are ana­lyzed on the other. The findings suggest short, middle and long-term effects of the corona measures taken that can intensify educational inequality in early childhood.

Who We Are: The Foundational Forces

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-80
Author(s):  
Sandro Galea
Keyword(s):  
Social Stigma ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
Race Politics ◽  
The Social ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Many

This chapter examines the foundational forces that shape health. Even without a pandemic, the United States is faced with public health threats that are shaped by foundational forces. From the political and economic roots of the obesity epidemic, to the social stigma that informs the opioid crisis, to the many structural drivers of climate change, the social, economic, political, and demographic foundations of health are central to the challenges that must be addressed, nationally and globally, in the years to come. Engaging with these forces helped inform the response to COVID-19; they can help in addressing these other challenges as well. And just as a virus can have long-term effects on the body, the pandemic reshaped the societal foundations, with lasting implications for the economy, culture, attitudes towards core issues like race, politics, and more. Whether the experience of the pandemic leads to significant long-term benefits will depend on whether Americans retain the hard lessons of that moment and apply them to foundational forces.

The Emergence of the Asian System of Powers

1989 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Stargardt
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Pearl Harbor ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Local Organizations ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Administrative Experience ◽  
Post War ◽  
The One

The ‘downward sweep’ of Japan after Pearl Harbor has been widely noted for its long-term effects in Southeast Asia. The rule of the established colonial masters was shattered, and those failing to escape disappeared into the camps of the Kempeitai. In Burma and Java, in particular, Japanese rule promoted local organizations, local administratiors, the indigenous language and, in Burma, a ‘national’ government and a ‘national’ army, under Japanese supervision: the one thing Japan did not bring was freedom and independence. Yet the greatly-increased social mobility and political, military and administrative experience had long-term consequences: none of the post-war attempts at colonial restoration proved viable.

Long Term Effects of Early School Entry

1988 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion M. de Lemos
Keyword(s):  
School Entry ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Early Environment ◽  
Pressure Groups ◽  
Early School ◽  
Popular Appeal ◽  
To Come ◽  
Early Primary ◽  
Age Of Entry

The debate regarding age of entry to school goes back a number of years. It seemed to come to a head in the late 1970s, coinciding with the visit to Australia of Dr Raymond Moore, who put forward the somewhat extreme view that children should not start school before the age of about 8 to 10 years. Hisargument was based on a maturational view of development. Experiences must wait until the child is ‘ready’ and the brain has ‘matured’. In particular, he argued that exposure to early reading and the close work involved in the pre-school and early primary school could harm the developing visual system and lead to long-term visual defects, particularly short-sightedness.Moore's position was of course contrary to the mainstream of thought in this area, and particularly the recognition, stemming from the work of Hebb and Piaget, of the importance of the early environment in laying the foundations for later development. It nevertheless had some popular appeal, and was taken up by various parent and teacher pressure groups who called for changes to school entry policies and specifically raising the age of entry to school to five years.

Representing the Battle of Zama to Create an Iconic Event

Antichthon ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 55-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances Billot
Keyword(s):  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Imperial Rome ◽  
Second Punic War ◽  
Mediterranean World ◽  
Silius Italicus ◽  
The One ◽  
The City

AbstractThis article compares the use of certain literary, structural and historical features by Polybius, Livy and Silius Italicus in their representations of the battle of Zama in 202 BC between the Romans and Carthaginians. It is argued that through their application of these features they present the battle as an iconic event and position it as a grand finale to the Second Punic War. The comparisons highlight some of the literary constructs in Polybius’Historiesand illustrate how some later authors adapt and possibly respond to Polybius’ presentation.Similarities in presentation to emphasise the importance of the battle do not necessarily mean that the authors convey the same message over the long term effects of its outcome. For example, where Polybius’ special treatment of the battle of Zama, Hannibal and Scipio reflects his belief in the pivotal role the Roman victory played in changing the balance of power across the ancient Mediterranean world (15.9.2, 10.2), Silius Italicus’ special treatment may also be read as presenting the outcome of the battle in terms of causing a shift in power balance, in this case within the city of Rome, and leading to the development of the principate and the one-man rule of imperial Rome (17.653-4, 3.261-4).

scholarly journals Public Support for the EU in Times of Crisis and the Drivers of Euroscepticism

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iuliana Lăcrămioara Tincu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Public Support ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Limited Ability ◽  
To Come ◽  
Citizens Attitudes ◽  
The Eu

In the context of the economic, political and social crises that unfolded during the recent years, the European Union had to withstand a growing pressure from the part of its dissatisfied citizens. The long-term effects of the economic crisis, the limited ability to manage refugee flows or the difficulty to come up with joint solutions to pressing issues have highlighted the shortcoming of the EU as a political system, while also giving rise to growing criticism from EU citizens and the loss of their trust. The 2016 referendum vote of British citizens that subsequently led to what came to be known as “Brexit” could be perceived both as a crisis and as an outcome of the growing popular dissatisfaction and protest from the part of British citizens. Consequently, the present article aims to explore the connections between recent crises and the evolution of European citizens’ attitudes in relation to the EU and the integration process as a whole. This perspective could ultimately shed some light on the roots and drivers of Euroscepticism in the context of an inability of the EU as a political system to channel the solidarity of Member States towards common solutions and to cope with the existing social, economic, and cultural divisions in Europe.

scholarly journals Social Innovation Assessment? Reflections on the impacts of social innovation on society - Outcomes of a systematic literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Georg Mildenberger ◽  
◽  
Gudrun Schimpf ◽  
Jürgen Streicher ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Current State ◽  
Social Innovations ◽  
Technical Innovations ◽  
To Come ◽  
Societal Problems ◽  
User Orientation

Today we face many societal problems, such as climate degradation, energy shortages, increasing inequality, and demographic change. Solutions for these problems require far-reaching changes and new and untried approaches. Social Innovation (SI) could be a significant factor in tackling the challenges to come. The ‘reflection on the long-term effects of social innovations’ is a relatively new topic but is attracting growing interest. While technology assessments are regularly used to study the consequences of technical innovations, similar assessments for social innovations are rare. This paper explores and analyses the current state of theoretical, conceptual work on the assessment for SI and their consequences, related concepts, and relevant activities. Perspectives and options for further developments in this field are derived. The method used is a structured literature review. The results show that scientific research concerning the assessment of the consequences of social innovations seems to be still in its infancy. The boundaries between established topics (such as sustainability, user orientation, including social entrepreneurship) and newer concepts are fluid. However, alongside the different approaches and views, a certain convergence of perspectives with regard to the consequences and effects of (social) innovations can be observed. Similar questions and issues are dealt with using similar approaches and methods, and are sometimes confronted with similar obstacles.

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