The modelling of venereal diseases—an elusive goal in epidemic research

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-26
Author(s):  
Richard J. Kryscio
Keyword(s):  
Unsolved Problem ◽  
Recurrent Disease ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Venereal Disease ◽  
Stochastic Modelling ◽  
Cross Infection ◽  
Mathematical Treatment ◽  
Interacting Species ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World

Venereal disease is among one of the more active serious epidemics in the world today. Despite its prevalence and the ever-increasing literature on the mathematical treatment of epidemics very little progress has been made toward modelling the spread of this disease. Key features of the disease that help to account for this lack of progress are: (i) VD involves the cross-infection between two groups of individuals and (ii) VD is a recurrent disease. The heterosexual spread .of VD ties in the modelling of this disease with the yet unsolved problem in mathematical biology concerning the growth of two interacting species. In this paper we review the current state of the art in the stochastic modelling of this disease.

Sir Charles Parsons and Electrical Power Generation—a Turbine Designer's Perspective

1994 ◽  
Vol 208 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
J R Bolter
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Electrical Power Generation ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Turbine Generator ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World

Sir Charles Parsons died some three years after the author was born. In this paper the author looks back at the pioneering work of Parsons in the field of power generation. It shows how he was able to increase output of the steam turbine generator from 7.5 kW in 1884 to 50000 kW in 1930 while increasing efficiency from 1.6 to 36 per cent, and relates these achievements to the current state of the art. Blading design, rotor construction and other aspects of turbine engineering are considered. The conclusion is that Parsons and his associates charted the course which manufacturers and utilities throughout the world have continued to follow, although increasingly sophisticated design and analytical methods have succeeded the intuitive approach of Parsons. His constant search for improved efficiency was and is highly relevant to today's concern for the environment. Finally, although it did not become a practical proposition in his lifetime, the paper reviews Parsons' vision of, and continuing interest in, the gas turbine, first mentioned in his 1884 patents.

scholarly journals COMMERCIALIZATION OF CARBON CREDITS ON SMALL PROPERTIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 156-166
Author(s):  
Jadson Belem De Moura ◽  
Rodrigo Fernandes De Souza ◽  
José Mateus Dos Santos ◽  
Luiz Cesar Lopes Filho ◽  
Willian Marques Pires ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Carbon Credits ◽  
Major Powers ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Current State ◽  
Small Producer ◽  
The World ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Today the world has turned its attention to the phenomena of climate change on the planet. Excess emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) from human activity are responsible for this change. Gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) are part of GHG and have a large capacity to store the energy of the sun in the form of heat, increasing the average temperature in the atmosphere. After the Kyoto treaty, major powers pledged to reduce GHG emissions into the atmosphere, but this practice implies a slowdown in the industrialization and profits of these countries. Countries that can not or do not opt to reduce emissions can buy credits from nations that can generate extra emission reduction values, thus resulting in trade in these credits. Small properties have the potential for credit production, which can generate extra income for the small producer. Therefore, this work aimed at evaluating the potential of commercialization of carbon credits by small properties. The methodology of the work consisted in a systematic literature review on the current state of the art of the proposed theme.

scholarly journals Peritoneal Carcinomatosis: Current State of the Art and Schools of Thought

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Sh. Kh. Gantsev ◽  
M. V. Zabelin ◽  
K. Sh. Gantsev ◽  
A. A. Izmailov ◽  
Sh. R. Kzyrgalin
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Current State ◽  
Emerging Therapies ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Scientific Questions

Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) is a global challenge of modern oncology representing the most unfavourable scenario in diverse-locality tumourisation. Despite certain attention by the oncological community, the management of PC patients is currently palliative, which weakly promotes research into the basic principles of this morbidity. This literature review attempts to comprehensively cover the PC problematic from a global perspective and presents a key evidence on the world schools of thought in this area. Briefly taking, peritoneal carcinomatosis is viewed today as a local process in the conventional implantation theory, which imposes a locoregional character on all current or emerging therapies, such as cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Their inadequate efficacy is largely due to pronounced gaps in our understanding of PC logistics and signalling. PSOGI is a key organisation for centralising the specialty effort in peritoneal carcinomatosis. Despite its global geography and approach to PC discussion, a multitude of scientific questions remain unanswered impeding the establishment of novel effective therapies. The seven countries that nurtured distinguished schools of thought in PC studies are the USA, UK, Japan, China, Italy, France and Germany. Taking peritoneal carcinomatosis in a global perspective, an insufficient attention to its problematic in Russia should be addressed. The founding and fostering of national PC institutions will benefit cancer patients and progress in oncological science.

scholarly journals Dupuytren’s disease: where do we stand?

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Grazina ◽  
Sérgio Teixeira ◽  
Renato Ramos ◽  
Henrique Sousa ◽  
Andreia Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Dupuytren’S Disease ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
Dupuytren's Disease ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World

Dupuytren’s disease is a fibroproliferative disease that involves collagen deposition, leading to hand contractures that ultimately affect hand mobility and grip strength. It is a benign disorder but can cause high morbidity by limiting daily activities. Many factors have been proposed for its aetiology: namely genetics, smoking, alcohol intake and diabetes. However, there is still controversy as to the main aetiological cause of the disease. Treatment is not yet uniform around the world and still varies with the surgeon’s experience and preference. In this review, the authors review the pathogenesis and treatment options for Dupuytren’s disease in an attempt to summarize the current state of the art. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2019;4:63-69. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.180021.

scholarly journals Digital Archiving in Archaeology: The State of the Art. Introduction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian D. Richards ◽  
Ulf Jakobsson ◽  
David Novák ◽  
Benjamin Štular ◽  
Holly Wright
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
History Of Archaeology ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Digital Archiving ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

The articles in this special issue demonstrate significant differences in digital archiving capacity in different countries. In part these reflect differences in the history of archaeology in each country, its relationship to the state, whether it is centralised or decentralised, state-led or commercially driven. They also reflect some of the different attitudes to archaeology across the world, most recently explored in a survey conducted under the auspices of the NEARCH project. They reflect a snapshot in time, but our aim is to record the current state-of-the-art in each country, to inform knowledge, stimulate discussion, and to provoke change.

scholarly journals Pediatric Dental Sedation Practice: Evolution and Current State-of-the-Art

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-147
Author(s):  
Neeti Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
International Variation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Pediatric Dentists

ABSTRACT The practice of the pediatric dental sedation has evolved continuously during the past few decades. Newer agents continuously seem to replace older agents and the pediatric dentists need to update themselves timely to efficiently administer sedation to their young and anxious patients. The practice and the research of pediatric dental sedation is very diverse throughout the world. In this paper, we attempt to review the diversity of pediatric dental sedation research through a systematic review. Further, we review the pharmacopoeia of pediatric dental sedation with brief description of commonly used agents. We also touch upon evolution of pediatric dental sedation guidelines in different countries and international variation in pediatric dental sedation practice. Lastly, we review the future perspective of research pertaining to field of pediatric dental sedation research. How to cite this article Mittal N, Gauba K, Goyal A, Kapur A. Pediatric Dental Sedation Practice: Evolution and Current State-of-the-Art. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2014;48(3):139-147.

scholarly journals The KICK-OFF of 6G Research Worldwide: An Overview

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Jiang ◽  
Hans Dieter Schotten
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Mobile System ◽  
Research Programs ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Current State ◽  
Sixth Generation ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Technologies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Important Milestone

The fifth-generation (5G) mobile system is now being deployed across the world and the scale of 5G subscribers is growing quickly in many countries. The attention of academia and industry is increasingly shifting towards the sixth generation (6G) and many pioneering works are being kicked off, indicating an important milestone in the history of 6G. At this juncture, an overview of the current state of the art of 6G research and a vision of future communications are of great interest. This paper thus investigates up-to-date 6G research programs, ambitions, and main viewpoints of representative countries, institutions and companies worldwide. Then, the key technologies are outlined and a vision on ``What 6G may look like?" is provided. This paper aims to serve as an enlightening guideline for interested researchers to quickly get an overview when kicking off their 6G research.

ONLOLYTIC VIRUSES: CURRENT SITUATION IN RUSSIA AND IN THE WORLD

2020 ◽  
pp. 465-466
Author(s):  
Ivan Osipov ◽  
Galina Kochneva
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Oncolytic Viruses ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World

The history and current state-of-the-art of the research and development in the field of oncolytic viruses are described. The information about types and mechanisms of actions of these viruses is presented together with situation of clinical trials in different countries.

Products and Process for Guala Closures: An Overview of Aluminum Closures Production and the Drive for Innovation

2016 ◽  
Vol 710 ◽  
pp. 198-203
Author(s):  
Francesco Bove ◽  
Carlo Tagliabue ◽  
Maurizio Mittino
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Current State ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Beverage Industry ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Gross Income

Guala Closures Group is the world leader in the production of aluminum closures for the beverage industry, with interests in the spirits, wine, water, oil, vinegar and pharma market. The company holds 70+ active patents worldwide and the annual gross income is approx. 500M €. Guala Closures Group has been a proven industrial leader in its sector that not only is now the largest manufacturer of caps and closures worldwide with a production capacity of 14+ billion closures per year, but has many times lead the venture for innovation in the industry. The goal of this paper is to expose the production processes that stand behind Guala Closures Group, its products, the technological innovation and its success.The paper will begin with a thorough analysis of the current state of the art for the production process of aluminum closures. Secondly, the analysis will shift onto the key factor to success in the manufacturing world of aluminum closures: Drive for Innovation.

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