Voluntary food intake of cattle differing in breed size in a time-controlled feeding system

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Taylor ◽  
J. I. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Eating Rate ◽  
Eating Time ◽  
Degree Of Maturity ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

ABSTRACTSix breeds differing widely in body size and milk yield were compared for growth and food intake between 24 and 120 weeks of age in a time-controlled feeding system based on Calan-Broadbent electronic feeding gates activated by time clocks to give six meals a day of length 4, 5 or 6 min. The breeds were South Devon, Charolais × British Friesian, British Friesian, Hereford, Aberdeen Angus and Jersey. Each breed was represented by 12 animals, with four allocated to each meal length.At every age, voluntary food intake was strongly determined by meal length. For each meal length, and after adjustment for breed size, most breeds closely followed the same intake curve. Thus, when intake was restricted (either slightly or severely) by uniformly limiting the time available for eating, the reduced voluntary daily intake of a breed, like its ad libitum intake, was largely genetically determined by breed size. A time-controlled feeding system thus allowed acceptable breed comparisons under conditions of restricted nutrition.The mean growth rates resulting from a wide variety of different time-controlled voluntary intakes were all adequately explained by a linear equation based on a constant maintenance efficiency and a partial efficiency of growth that declined linearly with degree of maturity in body weight.Eating rate was surprisingly similar for the three different meal lengths. When averaged over breeds, it increased from 1 MJ metabolizable energy (ME) per min between 6 and 12 months of age up to about 2 MJ ME per min at 2 years of age. Over this range, eating rate could be expressed as an allometric function of degree of maturity in body weight. In consequence, time-controlled daily intakes could be predicted from eating rate within ad libitum limits, as could the total eating time needed to achieve a given growth rate.

Interrelationships between physical and metabolic control of voluntary food intake in fattening, pregnant and lactating mature sheep: a model

1977 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Endocrine Factors ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

SUMMARYA model has been developed in which the voluntary food intake of sheep is related directly to metabolizable energy requirements unless physical or endocrine limitations intervene.Although no ‘set point’ for body weight or body fat is incorporated in the model, mature sheep offered food ad libitum are predicted to reach eventually a plateau of body weight due to progressive depression of gut capacity by the increasing volume of abdominal fat. The final body weight is proportional to the digestibility of the diet. During pregnancy and lactation metabolic, physical and endocrine factors interact in such a way as to give predicted patterns of feed intake similar to those observed in practice with several qualities of diet.

Relative growth of incisor arcade breadth and eating rate in cattle and sheep

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Taylor ◽  
J. I. Murray ◽  
A. W. Illius
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Eating Rate ◽  
Allometric Relationship ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Adult Body ◽  
Adult Body Weight ◽  
Degree Of Maturity ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

ABSTRACTMaximum eating rate, rmax in kj metabolizable energy per min, at a given body weight W kg, can be predicted in normally growing cattle when adult body weight, A kg, is known, by the formula of Taylor and Murray (1987) as rmax = 31μ0·86 A0·73 where u = W/A is degree of maturity in body weight. When the pattern of normal growth is disturbed by fluctuating levels of food intake, a better prediction can be obtained in terms of incisor arcade breadth. This paper gives the allometric relationship between degree of maturity in body weight, u, and degree of maturity in incisor arcade breadth uD, fo r both cattle and sheep, as uD = u0·29.Combining this allometric relationship with that of Illius and Gordon (1987) gives the following formula for incisor arcade breadth, Du(mm), in the rth species at age, t, in relation to degree of maturity in body weight, uit, and adult body weight, Aikg): Dit = 7·8 uit0·29Ai0·36. Substituting uD and adult arcade breadth, Dadult, for u and A in the formula of Taylor and Murray (1987) gives the following more robust formula for predicting maximum eating rate, namely, rmax = 0·53 u3DD2adut.

Effect of water content in a canned food on voluntary food intake and body weight in cats

2011 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 918-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfreda Wei ◽  
Andrea J. Fascetti ◽  
Cecilia Villaverde ◽  
Raymond K. Wong ◽  
Jon J. Ramsey
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Canned Food ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

Digestibility and voluntary intake of roughages by wild boar and Meishan pigs

2000 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. van Wieren
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Lower Efficiency ◽  
Mixed Grass ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

AbstractThe digestibility and voluntary intake of fibrous roughages and acorns was studied in six wild boar and five Meishan pigs. The neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) concentration of the diets ranged from 139 to 767 g/kg of the organic matter. Organic matter digestibility of acorns, mixed grass and wheat straw was higher in wild boar (P < 0·05) while voluntary food intake of the Meishan pigs was higher for mixed grass, hay and wheat straw (P < 0·05). Organic matter digestibility (P < 0·01) and NDF digestibility (P < 0·05) were both negatively related to NDF concentration of the diet. No relationship existed between voluntary food intake and NDF concentration of the diet. The apparent nitrogen (N) digestibility was positively related (P < 0·01) to dietary N while no relationship was found with dietary NDF. The negative effect of NDF on digestibility could only be partly explained by the lignin concentration of NDF. Much more important was the lower efficiency of the carbohydrate fermentation in the caecum and colon when compared with the direct absorption of glucose from the small intestine. It was estimated that digestible NDF at a maximum contributed proportionately 0·26 to the metabolizable energy intake of the animals. It was concluded that wild boar and domestic pigs should be able to maintain themselves on an all fresh grass diet when NDF concentration of the diet does not exceed about 550 g/kg and N concentration is not too low.

scholarly journals The effect of artificial sweeteners on body weight of mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iyad Ali ◽  
Naser Shraim ◽  
Wafaa’ Atrash ◽  
Aisha Sirafi ◽  
Huda Abadi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
The Body ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Artificial Sweeteners ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Daily Intakes

Artificial Sweeteners (AS) are synthetic sugar substitutes that have sweetening potency hundreds of times more than the table sugar (sucrose). Artificial sweeteners are regarded as attractive alternatives to sugar as they add no calories to food intake. There are many hypotheses suggesting that AS may enhance appetite and cause weight gain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of AS on food intake, fluid intake and body weight of mice. Acceptable daily intakes of AS solutions were administered orally to different set of mice for four weeks. The body weight, food consumption and fluid intake were measured. At the same time, the effect of Zingiber officinale extracts (natural appetite suppressor), Thymus vulgaris extracts (natural appetite inducer) and cyproheptadine (an appetite stimulant drug) on body weight of mice was evaluated. Artificial sweeteners consumption cause insignificant changes in body weight (p>0.05). However, the mean consumption of food and solutions varies significantly for some groups. The consumption of AS has no significant effect on body weight and may contribute to weight maintenance and energy balance as substitutes to high caloric sugar

Influence of the pattern of nutrient release from grass silage and the effect of supplementation on the voluntary food intake of growing lambs

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 95-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.E. Blackburn ◽  
L.A. Sinclair ◽  
R.G. Wilkinson ◽  
J.F.D. Greenhalgh
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Current Experiment ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

Grass silage is an important feed for ruminants but it is well established that the voluntary food intake (VFI) is less than that of the same crop fed fresh or dry (Harris and Raymond, 1963). This effect has been associated with factors such as the products of ensiling as well as the asynchrony of nutrient release in the rumen. The objectives of the current experiment were to investigate whether the pattern of nutrient release in grass silage is a major factor contributing to its low intake and whether altering the pattern of nutrient release through supplementation would alter hourly and daily intake.

Chronic treatment with long-acting bromocriptine does not affect duration of the breeding season, voluntary food intake, body weight, or wool growth in the Scottish blackface ewe

1991 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
JD Curlewis ◽  
AM Sibbald ◽  
JA Milne ◽  
AS McNeilly
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Chronic Treatment ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

The aim of this study was to determine whether suppression of the seasonal increase in prolactin concentrations by chronic treatment with the dopamine agonist bromocriptine would affect onset of anoestrus, voluntary food intake, body weight, and wool growth in a seasonal breed of sheep. Groups of eight Scottish Blackface ewes were injected i.m. each week with either the vehicle (Group A) or 2.0 mg (Group B), 6.0 mg (Group C), or 18.0 mg (Group D) of bromocriptine in a long-acting formulation, commencing on 18 January and terminating on 25 July (midwinter to midsummer in the northern hemisphere). Immediately before the bromocriptine injection, blood samples were taken for progesterone and prolactin determination. Voluntary food intakes were measured daily, and body weights were recorded every fortnight. Estimates of wool growth were made by weighing wool clipped from a measured area of skin once a month. Treatment had no effect on onset of anoestrus, voluntary food intake, body weight, or wool growth. Plasma prolactin concentrations increased significantly in all groups during the treatment period. From January to April, all doses of bromocriptine significantly reduced prolactin concentrations but later in the study (May and June) prolactin was significantly suppressed in Group D only, although even in this group prolactin concentrations increased between March and June. Pituitary prolactin content, measured at the end of the study in July, was also suppressed by bromocriptine. The gradual increase in prolactin concentrations in ewes receiving chronic bromocriptine was further investigated by treating a fifth group of ewes (Group E) with 18.0 mg of long-acting bromocriptine each week, commencing on 20 June.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Voluntary food intake in the young pig

1989 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. R. Fowler ◽  
B. P. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Sudden Loss ◽  
Weaned Piglet ◽  
Defence Strategy ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

AbstractDuring the 1st week of life the energy contained in the body of the average piglet increases by a factor between four and five. To achieve this increase the piglet must ingest metabolizable energy (ME) at a rate which is about four times its maintenance requirement. Well over half the ME supplied in the milk of the sow is in the form of emulsified fat. Whilst the piglet is being suckled, its intake is controlled by litter size, availability of teats and productiveness of the mammary gland. At 3 weeks of age the normal piglet requires about 7.8 MJ digestible energy to sustain a live growth rate of 280 g/day. At this stage the growth comprises about 40 g protein and about 68 g fat. This means that the required intake for a newly weaned piglet on a typical starter diet should be about 475 g/day. In practice such intakes are rarely achieved for several days, therefore weaning causes severe disruption of intake and of the growth curve and there are other factors involved including social disturbance and stress. Further problems are caused by the provision of diets which are unsuited to the physiology of the piglet's immature digestive tract. The sudden loss of the IgA component and indeed other protective factors contained in the dam's milk can be extremely serious, and the reduction in food intake is effectively a defence strategy by the piglet to cope with its new circumstances and try to maintain physiological homoeostasis. In some circumstances the use of antibacterial agents, organic acids or probiotics may be beneficial, but the approach is less reliable than careful formulation of the diet to avoid provocative ingredients such as soya-bean and rapeseed meal.

Voluntary food intake in relation to body weight among British breeds of cattle

1986 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
St C. S. Taylor ◽  
A. J. Moore ◽  
R. B. Thiessen
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Natural Logarithm ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

ABSTRACTVoluntary food intake and body weight were examined over 4-week intervals between 14 and 70 weeks of age in 306 females from 25 British breeds of cattle. At each age, the relationship of the natural logarithm of voluntary food intake to that of body weight was examined by linear regression both within and between breeds.Of the total variation in voluntary food intake, the proportion accounted for by body weight was extremely high between breeds (phenotypically, 0·80 or more; genetically 0·88 or more, at most ages) but phenotypically low within breeds (0·33 or less). The mean voluntary intake of a breed at any age could be predicted from its mean body weight at the same age with a coefficient of variation (CV) among breeds that declined with age from 0·08 to 0·04. Within breeds, the corresponding CV for individual intake was between 0·12 and 0·15 beyond 9 months of age, and even higher at early ages.Within breeds, the regression coefficient of log intake on log body weight was close to the value of 0·7 at all ages. Between breeds, it was over 0·8 at early ages, declining to about 0·7 beyond 1 year of age. Thus, genetically larger breeds voluntarily consumed relatively more food at early ages compared with later ages. Breed size should therefore be taken into account when recommending food intake requirements. Breed deviations for high and low appetite are discussed.

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