Effect of water content in a canned food on voluntary food intake and body weight in cats

2011 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 918-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfreda Wei ◽  
Andrea J. Fascetti ◽  
Cecilia Villaverde ◽  
Raymond K. Wong ◽  
Jon J. Ramsey
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Canned Food ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

Chronic treatment with long-acting bromocriptine does not affect duration of the breeding season, voluntary food intake, body weight, or wool growth in the Scottish blackface ewe

1991 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
JD Curlewis ◽  
AM Sibbald ◽  
JA Milne ◽  
AS McNeilly
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Chronic Treatment ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

The aim of this study was to determine whether suppression of the seasonal increase in prolactin concentrations by chronic treatment with the dopamine agonist bromocriptine would affect onset of anoestrus, voluntary food intake, body weight, and wool growth in a seasonal breed of sheep. Groups of eight Scottish Blackface ewes were injected i.m. each week with either the vehicle (Group A) or 2.0 mg (Group B), 6.0 mg (Group C), or 18.0 mg (Group D) of bromocriptine in a long-acting formulation, commencing on 18 January and terminating on 25 July (midwinter to midsummer in the northern hemisphere). Immediately before the bromocriptine injection, blood samples were taken for progesterone and prolactin determination. Voluntary food intakes were measured daily, and body weights were recorded every fortnight. Estimates of wool growth were made by weighing wool clipped from a measured area of skin once a month. Treatment had no effect on onset of anoestrus, voluntary food intake, body weight, or wool growth. Plasma prolactin concentrations increased significantly in all groups during the treatment period. From January to April, all doses of bromocriptine significantly reduced prolactin concentrations but later in the study (May and June) prolactin was significantly suppressed in Group D only, although even in this group prolactin concentrations increased between March and June. Pituitary prolactin content, measured at the end of the study in July, was also suppressed by bromocriptine. The gradual increase in prolactin concentrations in ewes receiving chronic bromocriptine was further investigated by treating a fifth group of ewes (Group E) with 18.0 mg of long-acting bromocriptine each week, commencing on 20 June.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Voluntary food intake in relation to body weight among British breeds of cattle

1986 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
St C. S. Taylor ◽  
A. J. Moore ◽  
R. B. Thiessen
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Natural Logarithm ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

ABSTRACTVoluntary food intake and body weight were examined over 4-week intervals between 14 and 70 weeks of age in 306 females from 25 British breeds of cattle. At each age, the relationship of the natural logarithm of voluntary food intake to that of body weight was examined by linear regression both within and between breeds.Of the total variation in voluntary food intake, the proportion accounted for by body weight was extremely high between breeds (phenotypically, 0·80 or more; genetically 0·88 or more, at most ages) but phenotypically low within breeds (0·33 or less). The mean voluntary intake of a breed at any age could be predicted from its mean body weight at the same age with a coefficient of variation (CV) among breeds that declined with age from 0·08 to 0·04. Within breeds, the corresponding CV for individual intake was between 0·12 and 0·15 beyond 9 months of age, and even higher at early ages.Within breeds, the regression coefficient of log intake on log body weight was close to the value of 0·7 at all ages. Between breeds, it was over 0·8 at early ages, declining to about 0·7 beyond 1 year of age. Thus, genetically larger breeds voluntarily consumed relatively more food at early ages compared with later ages. Breed size should therefore be taken into account when recommending food intake requirements. Breed deviations for high and low appetite are discussed.

Multibreed comparisons of British cattle. Variation in body weight, growth rate and food intake

1984 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Thiessen ◽  
Eva Hnizdo ◽  
D. A. G. Maxwell ◽  
D. Gibson ◽  
C. S. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Daily Food Intake ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Breed Selection ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

ABSTRACTA multibreed cattle experiment involving 25 British breeds was set up to study genetic variation between breeds and genetic inter-breed relationships for a wide spectrum of traits in order to examine the problems of between-breed testing and selection. The experimental design is described and results on between-breed variation are presented for four traits.All animals were housed indoors and from 12 weeks of age were given a single complete pelleted diet ad libitum through a system of Calan-Broadbent electronic gates. Females were mated to produce one purebred and three crossbred calves, which were reared to slaughter in order to measure the efficiency of the cow-calf unit of production.Results based on a total of 292 animals, with an average of 12 per breed, are presented for body weight, cumulated voluntary food intake, daily weight gain and daily food intake over the age range from 12 to 72 weeks. The 25 breed-mean curves for body weight and cumulated food intake displayed a remarkably uniform pattern of rankings at all ages and the rankings were very similar for both traits.The multibreed design used was effective in estimating between-breed variation as a proportion of total variation for the four traits examined. After approximately 1 year of age, the proportion of variation between breeds was approximately 0·70 for body weight and 0·60 for cumulated voluntary food intake. Changes in these traits could therefore be brought about more effectively by selection between breeds rather than within breeds. For average daily weight gain measured over 12-week intervals, between-breed selection was estimated to be most effective in the period of maximum growth rate between 6 and 9 months of age, when between-breed variation was 0·52 of the total. For average daily food intake, measured over 12-week intervals, between-breed selection was likely to be effective beyond 6 months of age, when the proportion of between-breed variation plateaued at 0·48.At all ages, the coefficient of genetic variation between breeds was approximately 0·14 for body weight and daily gain, and remarkably constant at approximately 0·12 for both daily and cumulated food intake. It is suggested that, for growth and intake traits, the genetic variances within and between breeds remain proportional to each other at all ages.

scholarly journals The Effect of Licorice roots powder on experimental Infection of infectious bursal disease in broiler chickens

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-78
Author(s):  
A. K. Kassab
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Infectious Bursal Disease ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Bursal Disease ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 1

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Licorice roots powder for 35 days in reducing the severity of infection with infectious bursal disease (IBD)and the immune response and performance of broiler chicks .A Total of 150 day old broiler chickens were divided into 5 groups and treated as follows : Group 1: infected with IBD virus at 21 days of age. Group 2: infected with IBD virus at 21 days of age and given 1 gm of Licorice roots powder /1 L of drinking water one day after infection . Group 3 : given 1 gm Licorice roots powder / 1L of drinking water at day one of age and infected with IBD virus at day 21 of age . Group 4:given 1 gm Licorice roots / 1 L of drinking water at 22 days of age .Group 5: untreated control. Antibody (Ab) of IBD titer was measured by ELIZA , the serum total protein (STP) the serum Globulin(SG)and the blood picture were determined , the water content of the droppings was measured , the body weight , food intake was recorded, there was increase (P<0.01) in the (Ab)titer of IBD virus in the group3 comparing with the other groups , the bursa / body weight index (B:BW)three days after infection was increased (P<0.01) in group1 , the STP , the SG , the PCV and RBCs was increased (P<0.01) in group 3 at age 27 days the food intake (FI) Food conversion ratio (FCR) and body weight (BW) in Group 3 were significantly increased , the dropping water content was significantly (P<0 .01)increased in group 3 in comparison with other groups at the period from 23-27 days of age, the morbidity and Mortality rate were significantly lower in group 3 and then 2 in comparison with group 1 (50 % , 63.3 %, 90 % ) and (6.6 % , 16.6 % ,30%) respectively

Suppression of Food Intake in the Rat by Tung Oil

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 733-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. McPherson Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Stomach Tube ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Tung Oil ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Dry Food ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

Tung oil has previously been found to suppress voluntary food intake when mixed with the diet. When tung oil or corn oil were fed by stomach tube to weanling and adult rats, the voluntary intake of laboratory chow was depressed by both lipids. The corn-oil fed animals readjusted their caloric intake to their prefeeding level in adults and to the level consumed by chow-only fed weanlings of the same age. However, the tung-oil fed adult animals consumed only one-half the dry food intake of the corn-oil fed animals (p < 0.001). Consequently the adult tung-oil fed animals lost significantly more (p < 0.01) of their body weight than did the corn-oil fed controls. This suggests that the mechanism of suppression of food intake by tung oil operates at some level other than taste or consistency of the diet.

Interrelationships between physical and metabolic control of voluntary food intake in fattening, pregnant and lactating mature sheep: a model

1977 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Endocrine Factors ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

SUMMARYA model has been developed in which the voluntary food intake of sheep is related directly to metabolizable energy requirements unless physical or endocrine limitations intervene.Although no ‘set point’ for body weight or body fat is incorporated in the model, mature sheep offered food ad libitum are predicted to reach eventually a plateau of body weight due to progressive depression of gut capacity by the increasing volume of abdominal fat. The final body weight is proportional to the digestibility of the diet. During pregnancy and lactation metabolic, physical and endocrine factors interact in such a way as to give predicted patterns of feed intake similar to those observed in practice with several qualities of diet.

Voluntary food intake of cattle differing in breed size in a time-controlled feeding system

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Taylor ◽  
J. I. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Eating Rate ◽  
Eating Time ◽  
Degree Of Maturity ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

ABSTRACTSix breeds differing widely in body size and milk yield were compared for growth and food intake between 24 and 120 weeks of age in a time-controlled feeding system based on Calan-Broadbent electronic feeding gates activated by time clocks to give six meals a day of length 4, 5 or 6 min. The breeds were South Devon, Charolais × British Friesian, British Friesian, Hereford, Aberdeen Angus and Jersey. Each breed was represented by 12 animals, with four allocated to each meal length.At every age, voluntary food intake was strongly determined by meal length. For each meal length, and after adjustment for breed size, most breeds closely followed the same intake curve. Thus, when intake was restricted (either slightly or severely) by uniformly limiting the time available for eating, the reduced voluntary daily intake of a breed, like its ad libitum intake, was largely genetically determined by breed size. A time-controlled feeding system thus allowed acceptable breed comparisons under conditions of restricted nutrition.The mean growth rates resulting from a wide variety of different time-controlled voluntary intakes were all adequately explained by a linear equation based on a constant maintenance efficiency and a partial efficiency of growth that declined linearly with degree of maturity in body weight.Eating rate was surprisingly similar for the three different meal lengths. When averaged over breeds, it increased from 1 MJ metabolizable energy (ME) per min between 6 and 12 months of age up to about 2 MJ ME per min at 2 years of age. Over this range, eating rate could be expressed as an allometric function of degree of maturity in body weight. In consequence, time-controlled daily intakes could be predicted from eating rate within ad libitum limits, as could the total eating time needed to achieve a given growth rate.

Evidence that body size does not determine voluntary food intake in the rat

1980 ◽  
Vol 238 (4) ◽  
pp. E318-E321
Author(s):  
L. B. Oscai
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
A Value ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

Rats, 5.5 wk of age, were food restricted for a period of 30 days duration. On termination of caloric deprivation, the food-restricted rats were 142 g lighter than comparable freely eating control rats (177 +/- 3 g vs. 319 +/- 4 g; P less than 0.001). Because of the smaller body size, adipocyte diameter in epididymal pads of the calorie-deprived rats was 52 +/- 1 micron compared to a value of 72 +/- 3 micron for the control rats (P less than 0.001). After restoration of ad libitum feeding, the food-restricted rats experienced an accelerated rate of weight gain until body weight and adipocyte diameter approached those of the control animals. The greater rate of weight gain occurred despite the fact that voluntary food intake remained essentially the same for both groups of animals. Food intake over the 18-wk-long restoration period totaled 3,078 +/- 40 g for the food-restricted rats compared to a value of 3,108 +/- 53 g for the control rats. These results demonstrate that neither body size nor the size of the adipocyte determines voluntary food intake in the rat.

Photoperiodic entrainment of seasonal changes in the appetite, feeding behaviour, growth rate and pelage of pony colts

2001 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Fuller ◽  
J. E. Cox ◽  
C.McG. Argo
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Weight Density ◽  
Photoperiodic Regime ◽  
Pelleted Diet ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

AbstractRelationships among photoperiod and changes in voluntary food intake, feeding behaviour, growth and pelage were determined in seven, 2-year-old pony colts (182·4 (s.e. 5·4) kg). Individually housed colts were provided with ad libitum access to a complete pelleted diet (gross energy = 16·7 MJ/kg dry matter). Voluntary food intake (VFI, kg/ day) was calculated daily and body weights were recorded weekly throughout the 36-week study. Feeding behaviour was evaluated at approximately 4-week intervals by continuous observation (24 h), and the hair weight density (HWD, mg/cm2) of shoulder pelage was determined fortnightly. Day length was artificially manipulated to mimic the prevailing mid-summer photoperiod (16 h light: 8 h dark, 16L: 8D). After 1 week of the study (and the preceding fortnight), day length was abruptly decreased and thereafter animals were exposed to alternating 14-week periods of short (SD, 8L: 16D) and long days (LD, 16L: 8D). The mean daily VFI of individual ponies was calculated weekly and normalized for digestible energy (DE) content and metabolic body weight (DEI, MJ/kg M0·75). The average daily gain (ADG, kg/day) in body weight of each individual was calculated weekly. The apparent digestibility of dietary energy (digestibility) was determined over 72 h (no. = 6) on two occasions (days 92 to 95 and 190 to 193) during the study. Digestibility was similar in both periods (0·48, s.e. 0·01). DEI, ADG and HWD changed in a cyclic manner throughout the study. The period of the appetite cycle (24·4 (s.e. 1·3) weeks) did not differ from that of the 28-week photoperiodic regime. DEI decreased from a maximum of 1·4 (s.e. 0·03) MJ/kg M0.75 per day (day 21), to a nadir of 0·75 (s.e. 0·02) MJ/kg M0.75 per day (day 154, P < 0·001) and had increased (P < 0·001) to attain a second zenith (0·93 (s.e. 0·01) MJ/kg M0.75 per day) before the end of the study. Ponies ate discrete meals of similar duration, but meal frequency was associated with changes in VFI (r = 0·77) as was proportion of time spent feeding (r = 0·79). Changes in ADG reflected those of DEI. Body weight was stable for 4 weeks at the nadir of the appetite cycle. Maximal HWD was coincident with the nadir of the appetite and growth cycles. Regression of individual values for DEI on ADG described a linear relationship (R2 = 0·80) which could be used to predict the energy requirements of growing ponies maintained under similar conditions:DEI total (MJ/kg M0·75 per day) = 0·654ADG (kg/day) + 0·789 (1).The duration of the photoperiod, appetite, growth and pelage cycles were similar, suggesting a causal relationship. Physiological responses to photoperiodic change were not immediate and exhibited a delay of 5 to 8 weeks.

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