A comparison of wheat and barley as supplements to grass silage for finishing beef cattle

1993 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. J. Steen
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Finishing Beef Cattle

AbstractTwo randomized-block experiments were carried out to examine the relative value of wheat and barley as supplements to grass silage for finishing beef cattle. In each experiment unwilted, formic acid-treated silage was offered ad libitum and supplemented with 500 g soya-bean meal and 50 g minerals and vitamins to 44 12-month-old bulls for 157 and 172 days in experiments 1 and 2 respectively. Twelve of the animals also received 2·5 kg rolled spring barley (LB), 12 received 4·0 kg barley (HB) and 20 received 3·25 kg rolled wheat (W). For experiments 1 and 2 respectively the barley contained 796 and 787 g dry matter (DM) per kg; 118 and 105 g crude protein (CP) per kg DM; 47 and 57 g crude fibre per kg DM; the wheat contained 845 and 800 g DM per kg; 112 and 116 g CP per kg DM; 23 and 25 g crude fibre per kg DM; and the silages contained 190 and 177 g DM per kg; 153 and 176 g CP per kg DM; 80 and 104 g ammonia-nitrogen per kg total nitrogen. On average over the two experiments, for treatments LB, HB and W respectively, silage DM intakes were 5·4, 4·7 (s.e. 0·14) and 4·9 (s.e. 0·11) kg/day; total DM intakes 7·9, 8·3 (s.e. 0·14) and 8·1 (s.e. 0·11) kg/day; metabolizable energy intakes 91·4, 97·8 and 94·2 MJ/day; live-weight gains 1·04,1·19 (s.e. 0·029) and 1·10 (s.e. 0·023) kg/day and carcass gams 0·65, 0·77 (s.e. 0·017) and 0·70 (s.e. 0·013) kg/day. It is concluded that the feeding value of wheat was proportionately 0·98 of that of barley for finishing beef cattle when given as a supplement to grass silage, and that the type of cereal offered did not affect silage intake or carcass composition.

The effect of level of protein supplementation on the performance and carcass composition of young bulls given grass silage ad libitum

1991 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. J. Steen
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Total N ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

ABSTRACTTwo experiments have been carried out to examine the effects of the level of protein supplementation given with grass silage-based diets on the performance and carcass composition of bulls, and to compare diets based on silage and dried forage. The five treatments used consisted of grass silage offered ad libitum and supplemented with 2·5 kg dry matter (DM) of barley-based concentrates containing (1) zero (2) 200 (3) 400 and (4) 600 g soya-bean meal per kg and (5) artificially dried grass and hay supplemented with 3·2 kg concentrate DM. The silages used in both experiments were well preserved, containing on average 200 g DM per kg; 140 g crude protein (CP) per kg DM; 63 g ammonia-nitrogen per kg total N and 731 g digestible organic matter per kg DM. The bulls were of late-maturing breed type and were initially 12 months old and 412 and 405 kg live weight in experiments 1 and 2 respectively. For treatments 1, 2, 4 and 5 in experiment 1 respectively (treatment 3 was not used) total DM intakes were 8·3, 8·3, 81 and 110 (s.e. 0·21) kg/day; CP intakes 1063, 1271, 1664 and 1539g/day; metabolizable energy intakes (MEI) 98, 99, 96 and 87 MJ/day; carcass weights 317, 316, 317 and 316 (s.e. 3·2) kg; carcass saleable meat concentrations 714, 712, 718 and 716 (s.e. 5·8) g/kg and carcass fat trims 73, 81, 73 and 68 (s.e. 3·9) g/kg. In experiment 2 for treatments 1 to 5 respectively total DM intakes were 8·3, 8·5, 8·3, 8·4 and 11·2 (s.e. 0·26) kg/day; CP intakes were 1090, 1329, 1504, 1720 and 1561 g/day; MEI 102, 106, 103, 103 and 94 MJ/day; carcass weights 318, 331, 330, 327 and 321 (s.e. 3·3) kg; carcass saleable meat concentrations 726, 721, 725, 721 and 732 (s.e. 60) g/kg and fat trims 71, 77, 78, 80 and 64 (s.e. 4·5) g/kg. It is concluded that protein supplementation of a silage-based diet did not affect performance or carcass fatness in experiment 1 or carcass fatness in experiment 2, but including 200 or 400 g soya-bean meal per kg concentrate increased performance in experiment 2. Animals given silage produced fatter carcasses than those given dried forage in experiment 2 but not in experiment 1.

A comparison of wheat and barley as supplements to grass silage for beef cattle

1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 ◽  
pp. 4-4
Author(s):  
R. W. J. Steen
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Beef Breed ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Soyabean Meal ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Finishing Beef Cattle

Two randomised-block experiments have been carried out to examine the relative feeding value of wheat and barley as supplements to grass silage for finishing beef cattle. In each experiment unwilted, formic acid-treated silage was offered ad libitum and supplemented with 500 g soyabean meal and 50 g minerals and vitamins to 44 twelve month old bulls for 157 and 172 days in experiments 1 and 2 respectively. In addition 12 animals received 2.5 kg rolled spring barley (LB), 12 received 4.0 kg barley (HB) and 20 received 3.25 kg rolled wheat (W). Silage was offered once daily and concentrates twice daily in two equal meals.Eleven British Friesian bulls and thirty-three bulls which were Friesian x Continental beef breed were used in each experiment. They were initially 402 and 385 kg live weight in experiments 1 and 2 respectively. In both experiments the animals were housed and fed in groups of four in slatted pens. All animals were slaughtered at the end of the experiments to obtain carcass data.

Responses in the growth of body components of finishing lambs to additional metabolizable energy supplied from either grass silage or concentrates

1998 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. J. Steen ◽  
S. D. Johnston ◽  
D. J. Kilpatrick ◽  
D. M. B. Chestnutt
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Energy Retention ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Body Components ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

AbstractTwo experiments involving 213 finishing lambs were carried out to examine the responses in growth rate and carcass composition to the addition ofmetabolizable energy (ME) to a mixed diet in theform ofeither grass silage concentrate. In the second experiment the performance of lambs offered silage only was also compared at equal intake with the performance of lambs given mixed diets. On average the silages contained 224 g dry matter (DM) per kg; 148 g crude protein (CP) per kg DM; 86 g ammonia-nitrogen per kg total nitrogen and 723 g digestible organic matter per kg DM. Concentrates were based on barley and soya-bean meal and contained 181 g CP per DM. Responses in carcass weight gain when additional ME was added to mixed silagelconcentrate diets in theform ofgrass silage and concentrates were 9·2 and 10·2 (s.e. 0·90) gIM] respectively in experiment 1 and 9·8 and 10-(s.e. 0·33) g/MJ respectively in experiment 2, and responses in energy retention in experiment 2 were 0·34 and 0-(s.e. 0·012) MJ/M] respectively. However carcass gain and energy retention sustained by a silage only diet were only 0·67 and 0·70 respectively of those sustained by a high-concentrate diet at the same ME intake. The diet did not significantly affect body or carcass composition.

A comparison of silage-based and dried forage-based diets, and the effect of protein supplementation of a silage-based diet for finishing beef cattle

1989 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. J. Steen ◽  
Charlotte A Moore
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Formaldehyde Treatment ◽  
Finishing Beef Cattle

ABSTRACTAn experiment was carried out to compare silage-based and dried forage-based diets for finishing beef cattle and to examine the effects of protein supplementation and formaldehyde treatment of silage on performance and carcass composition. The four diets used consisted, on a dry matter basis, of (1) 700 g/kg formic acid-treated grass silage and 300 g/kg low protein cereal-based concentrate (LPC), (2) 720 g/kg formic acid-treated silage and 280 g/kg high protein cereal/fish meal concentrate, (3) 600 g/kg formaldehyde-treated silage and 400 g/kg LPC, and (4) 480 g/kg artificially dried grass and grass hay and 520 g/kg LPC. The silages were well preserved with 33 to 40 g ammonia N per kg total nitrogen. The diets were offered to 40 British Friesian castrated male cattle which were initially 387 (s.e. 2·9) kg live weight. For diets 1 to 4 respectively metabolizable energy intakes were 91·8, 94·7, 94·9 and 91·8 MJ/day; total nitrogen intakes 192, 234, 189 and 191 g/day; live-weight gains 0/89, 0/93, 0/86 and 0/82 (s.e. 0/045) kg/day; carcass gains 0·51, 0·52, 0·52, 0·52 and 0·50 (s.e. 0·33) kg/day; mean subcutaneous fat depths 5·6, 5·4, 5·3 and 6·0 (s.e. 0·41) mm; marbling scores 3·0, 3·3, 3·2 and 2·6 (s.e. 0·19) and areas of m. longissimus dorsi 65·7, 66·4, 64·7 and 64·3 (s.e. 1·66) cm2. It is concluded that performance, efficiency of energy utilization and carcass fatness were similar for a diet containing 700 g/kg well preserved grass silage and a dried forage-based diet with a similar intake of energy and protein. Protein supplementation of a diet based on formic acid-treated silage or formaldehyde treatment of silage did not affect performance or carcass fatness.

Studies on the nutrition of ruminants: 5. The effect of diets containing up to 70% ground barley straw on the live-weight gain and carcass composition of yearling Friesian cattle

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Swan ◽  
G. E. Lamming
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Friesian Cattle

SUMMARY1. Three groups, each of eight steers, were fed on pelleted diets containing 30, 50 or 70% ground barley straw, maize and soya bean meal. On an air-dry basis the diets contained 12% crude protein.2. Daily live-weight gain was 1·29, 1·19 and 1·02 kg/day for the 30, 50 and 70% straw diets respectively, and was negatively related to the percentage of crude fibre in the dry matter (r = −0·61, P < 0·05).3. The apparent digestibility of dry matter, determined in sheep at the maintenance level of feeding was negatively related to percentage crude fibre in the dry matter (r = −0·91, P < 0·001).4. All animals were killed at approximately the same live weight, which was reached on average in 140,153 and 163 days by the 30, 50 and 70% groups, respectively.5. The differences in mean carcass weight between treatments were significant (P < 0·05). Killing-out percentage was significantly reduced (P < 0·05) as the proportion of ground barley straw in the diet was increased from 30 to 70%.6. The proportion of straw in the diet had no direct effect on the composition of carcass gain.7. The results are discussed in relation to the intake of digestible energy.

A comparison of soya-bean meal, fish meal and maize gluten feed as protein sources for calves offered grass silage ad libitum

1992 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. J. Steen
Keyword(s):  
Fish Meal ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Gluten Feed

AbstractTwo experiments were carried out to evaluate extracted soya-bean meal, fish meal and maize gluten feed as protein supplements for calves offered grass silage ad libitum. The five treatments used in experiment 1 consisted of 1·4 kg per head daily of concentrate dry matter (DM) consisting of (g/kg) 50 molasses and 25 minerals and vitamins plus (1) 925 barley (B), (2) 700 B and 225 extracted soya-bean meal (SBM), (3) 785 B and 140 fish meal (FM), (4) 925 maize gluten feed (MGF) and (5) 2·25 kg DM per head daily of concentrate (1). Those used in experiment 2 consisted of 1·4 kg per head daily of concentrate DM consisting of (g/kg) (1) 1000 B, (2) 800 B and 200 SBM, (3) 860 B and 140 FM, (4) 1000 MGF and (5) 2·25 kg DM per head daily of B. In each experiment the diets were offered to 70 calves which were initially 131 and 130 kg live weight, for periods of 14 and 13 weeks in experiments 1 and 2 respectively. The silages contained 155 and 154 g crude protein (CP) per kg DM; 45 and 77 g ammonia-nitrogen per kg total nitrogen and 698 and 726 g digestible organic matter per kg DM in experiments 1 and 2. Concentrates 1 and 5 contained 104 to 110 g CP per kg DM and concentrates 2, 3 and 4 contained 195 to 204 g CP per kg DM in both experiments. For diets 1 to 5 respectively silage DM intakes were 2·31,2·50,2·53,2·59 and 1 -61 (s.e. 0·097) kg/day; live-weight gains were 0·84,0·98,1 -01, 0·88 and 0·95 (s.e. 0·032) kg/day in experiment 1 and 2·38, 2·53, 2·54, 2·82 and 1·77 (s.e. 0·045) kg/day and 0·90,1·04,1·03,1·05 and 0·99 (s.e. 0·038) kg/day for experiment 2. It is concluded that the use of soya-bean meal rather than fish meal did not affect silage intake or animal performance. Replacing mixtures of barley and soya-bean meal or barley and fish meal with an equal quantity of isonitrogenous maize gluten feed did not affect animal performance in one experiment but significantly reduced it in the other experiment.

Ammonia treated straw in diets for finishing beef cattle

1984 ◽  
Vol 1984 ◽  
pp. 51-51
Author(s):  
M Selman ◽  
Jill F B Altman ◽  
R Knight
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Finishing Cattle ◽  
The Third ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Finishing Beef Cattle

In the absence of information on the value of treated straw as a component of the diets of finishing cattle a series of experiments was started in January 1982 to compare diets containing differing proportions of rolled mineralised barley (B) and treated spring barley straw (T) with a control ration of 75% mineralised barley (with extracted soya bean meal supplement (s)) and 25% untreated spring barley straw (U). Two treatments remained common throughout but the others were changed to widen the scope of the investigation. Fishmeal supplementation (F) was introduced as an additional factor in the third trial.

The effect of supplementing grass silage with molasses and/or a mineralised fishmeal on performance and carcass characteristics of finishing beef cattle

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 122-122
Author(s):  
D. G. Chapple ◽  
H. F. Grundy ◽  
K. P. A. Wheeler ◽  
S. P. Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Cane Molasses ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Finishing Beef Cattle

In forage-based intensive beef production systems supplementary feedingstuffs are generally required to optimise live-weight gain and to ensure adequate finish. Information on the feeding of molasses alone or molasses in conjunction with supplementary protein, in grass silage-based beef cattle diets is limited.To evaluate the effect of replacing barley with molasses and/or mineralised fishmeal when fed with ad libitum grass silage to finishing beef cattle.Daily supplements of 2.0 kg of rolled barley + 50 g minerals (B), 0.5 kg mineralised fishmeal (F), 2.0 kg cane molasses + 0.5 kg mineralised fishmeal (MF) or 2.5 kg cane molasses + 50 g minerals (M).

Studies on the nutrition of ruminants. II. The effect of level of crude fibre in maize-based rations on the carcass composition of Friesian steers

1967 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Swan ◽  
G. E. Lamming
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Bone Content ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Gut Fill ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

Three groups of eight yearling Friesian steers were fed on pelleted diets containing ground barley straw, maize and soya bean meal, the percentages of straw in the diets being 10, 30 and 50 (treatments 1, 2 and 3). The crude protein level was adjusted to 12% in all diets on an air-dried basis.Daily live-weight gain for treatment 2 was 7% greater than for treatment 1, and 12% greater than for treatment 3. Voluntary feed intake was also greater in treatment 2, by 16% when compared with treatment 1 and 4% when compared with treatment 3. The efficiency of feed conversion decreased by 10% for each 20% increase in dietary straw level.Weight loss during lairage was greater on treatment 3, as were total gut fill and omasum weight. The bone content of carcasses was similar for all treatments; carcass lean was increased in treatment 2. Carcass and channel fat was severely depressed in treatment 3.The results are discussed in relation to dietary effects on carcass composition.

Effects of the ratio of silage to concentrates in the diet on the performance and carcass composition of continental bulls

2000 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Patterson ◽  
R. W. J. Steen ◽  
C. A. Moore ◽  
B. W. Moss
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Important Conclusion ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Carcass Parameters

AbstractA total of 45 continental bulls (1/2 Blonde d'Aquitaine/3/8 Charolais) were used in a continuous design randomized-block experiment, to examine the effects of the ratio of silage to concentrates in the diet on growth and carcass parameters. The proportions of concentrates in the five diets were 0·26, 0·40, 0·55, 0·68 and 0·75 (DM basis). The basal diet was grass silage with D value 730 g/kg and ammonia nitrogen per unit total nitrogen 86 g/kg. The mean initial and final live weights were 467 and 651 kg respectively, with a mean carcass weight of 384 kg. The digestibility of energy was not affected by the proportion of concentrates in the diet. The rates of live weight, carcass and separable lean tissue gain tended to reach a plateau at the higher concentrate proportions, while the rate of separable fat tissue gain increased linearly with increase in concentrate proportion. The separable lean content of the carcass was linearly and negatively related to the proportion of concentrates, with a predicted decrease of’10 g/kg for an increase in concentrate proportion of 0·16. Separable fat content was also linearly related to the proportion of concentrates, with a predicted increase of 10 g/kg for each 0·196 increase in proportion of concentrates. The absence of any effect of concentrate proportion on the content of saleable meat in the carcass was considered to reflect the high growth potential of the animals. An important conclusion was that 0·99 of the asymptote value for lean tissue gain was attained at a concentrate proportion of 0·52 and that 0·95 of the maximum rate of gain was obtained at the relatively low concentrate proportion of 0·39, therefore indicating that finishing bulls of this type can perform to a high level on diets which are predominately based on grass silage.

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