Ammonia treated straw in diets for finishing beef cattle

1984 ◽  
Vol 1984 ◽  
pp. 51-51
Author(s):  
M Selman ◽  
Jill F B Altman ◽  
R Knight
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Finishing Cattle ◽  
The Third ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Finishing Beef Cattle

In the absence of information on the value of treated straw as a component of the diets of finishing cattle a series of experiments was started in January 1982 to compare diets containing differing proportions of rolled mineralised barley (B) and treated spring barley straw (T) with a control ration of 75% mineralised barley (with extracted soya bean meal supplement (s)) and 25% untreated spring barley straw (U). Two treatments remained common throughout but the others were changed to widen the scope of the investigation. Fishmeal supplementation (F) was introduced as an additional factor in the third trial.

Further comparisons of energy and protein sources for growing cattle

1985 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Smith ◽  
J. W. Siviter ◽  
R. J. Merry
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

SummarySpring-barley straw or maize silage were the major components in mixed diets of compound and forage fed to yearling dairy heifers. With straw, rolled barley was fed either alone or with fishmeal, soya-bean meal, protected soya-bean meal, whey + urea or Ewoplua (a product made from whey and rich in lactosyl urea). With maize silage the rolled barley was fed either alone or with fishmeal, whey + urea or Ewoplus.When straw was included in the diet fishmeal and protected soya-bean meal increased live-weight gain, and all the supplements increased nitrogen retention. When maize silage was fed, only fishmeal increased live-weight gain although all the supplements increased digestibility. Concentrations of rumen NH3-N were increased by all the supplements, when fed with straw, and also by maize silage when fed without an N supplement or with fishmeal. Small changes were noted in total and molar proportions of VFA.Calculated ME intakes suggested a more efficient use of energy for growth from maize silage than from straw, except when the straw diet was supplemented with fishmeal.

A comparison of two methods of NaOH treatment of spring barley straw with untreated straw and hay

1983 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Smith ◽  
J. W. Siviter ◽  
W. H. Broster
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Naoh Treatment ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

SUMMARYSpring barley straw treated with NaOH, either chopped and ensiled or ground and pelleted, was compared with long untreated straw and hay, in mixed diets of compound and forage fed to yearling dairy heifers. Protein allowance and source were varied by the inclusion of either fishmeal, soya-bean meal or urea in the diet.Growth rate was improved in two out of three trials by chopped ensiled straw treated with NaOH, compared with long untreated straw, and equalled that supported by hay. Dry-matter intake and digestibility were also improved, although rumen NH3-N concentrations were low. With ground pelleted straw treated with NaOH the effects were less decisive: growth rate was increased once and reduced once compared with long untreated straw, but dry-matter intake was substantially increased. Digestibility remained similar to that of long untreated straw, and was unchanged by rate of feeding. NaOH treatment resulted in small changes in molar proportions of VFA. Digestibility of hay fell when concentrates were added to the diet.Fishmeal increased growth rate with all forms of straw and hay and was more efficient in this respect than either soya-bean meal or urea.

The effect of supplementing silage-based diets with soya bean and fish meals for finishing beef cattle

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. J. Steen
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Total N ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Finishing Beef Cattle

ABSTRACTTwo experiments have been carried out to examine the effects on the intake and performance of finishing beef cattle of supplementing grass silages (perennial ryegrass) of medium and high digestibility (MD and HD respectively) with either extracted soya-bean meal or fish meal. In each experiment, the two silages were supplemented with (1) barley (107 g crude protein (CP) per kg dry matter (DM)), (2) a mixture of barley and soya-bean meal (187 g CP per kg DM) and (3) a mixture of barley and fish meal (182 g CP per kg DM) in a 2 × 3 factorial design. The MD silages were supplemented with 4·5 kg concentrates per head daily in each experiment and the HD silages with 2·75 and 2·5 kg per head daily in experiments 1 and 2 respectively. In experiments 1 and 2 respectively the diets were offered to 72 and 60 castrated male cattle of late maturing breed type which were initially 455 (s.e. 3·6) and 484 (s.e. 3·2) kg live weight; the MD silages contained 642 and 652 g digestible organic matter (DOM) per kg DM, 119 and 114 g CP per kg DM, 72 and 68 g NH3N per kg total N, and the HD silages contained 698 and 724 g DOM per kg DM, 158 and 148 g CP per kg DM, 58 and 51 g NH3N per kg DM. In experiment 1 for the MD silages supplemented with concentrates 1, 2 and 3 and the HD silages supplemented with concentrates 1, 2 and 3 respectively silage DM intakes were 5·47, 5·29, 5·24, 6·86, 6·77 and 6·76 (s.e. 0·129) kg/day; carcass gains 0·76, 0·74, 0·72, 0·75, 0·75 and 0·79 (s.e. 0·011) kg/day; subcutaneous fat depths 6·8, 7·8, 8·0, 9·2, 7·2 and 7·1 (s.e. 0·59) mm and areas of m. longissimus 21·5, 21·7, 23·2, 21·5, 22·4 and 21·9 (s.e. 0·78) mm2/kg carcass weight. Corresponding values for experiment 2 were 6·12, 6·05, 6·18, 7·65, 7·53 and 7·36 (s.e. 0·235) kg/day; 0·82, 0·88, 0·83, 0·85, 0·89 and 0·83 (s.e. 0·042) kg/day; 8·1, 7·8, 7·5, 9·1, 8·3 and 7·4 (s.e. 0·77) mm; 22·8, 21·9, 21·9, 21·0, 21·9 and 21·7 (s.e. 0·79) mm2/kg carcass weight. It is concluded that supplementation of MD or HD grass silages with soya-bean or fish meals did not significantly affect the intake, performance or carcass fatness of finishing beef cattle although the carcasses of animals offered HD silage supplemented with barley tended to be fatter than those from the other treatments.

scholarly journals The effect of feeding high levels of low-quality proteins to growing chickens

1975 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Wetnli ◽  
T. R. Morris ◽  
T. P. Shresta
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
The Third ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Groundnut Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

1. Three growth trials were done using male broiler chicks. In the first two trials, groundnut meal was used, with and without supplementary methionine and lysine. In the third trial, soya-bean meal was used with and without supplementary methionine. Protein levels ranged in the first trial from 120 to 420 g/kg diet and in the third trial from 120 to 300 g/kg diet. Thus the assumed minimal amino acid requirements of the chick were supplied by high levels of low-quality dietary protein.2. Diets based on cereals and groundnut meal did not support maximum live-weight gain or maximum efficiency of food utilization at any level of dietary protein. When the principal deficiencies of lysine and methionine were corrected, this protein mixture was capable of supporting the same growth rate as a control diet of cereals and herring meal.3. Diets based on maize and soya-bean meal did not support quite the same growth rate as similar diets supplemented with methionine, even though the protein level in the unsupplemented diets was sufficient to meet the assumed methionine requirements.4. These results are interpreted as examples of amino acid imbalance in diets composed of familiar feeding-stuffs. It is concluded that one cannot assume that the poor quality of a protein source can always be offset by increasing the concentration of dietary protein.

A comparison of wheat and barley as supplements to grass silage for finishing beef cattle

1993 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. J. Steen
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Finishing Beef Cattle

AbstractTwo randomized-block experiments were carried out to examine the relative value of wheat and barley as supplements to grass silage for finishing beef cattle. In each experiment unwilted, formic acid-treated silage was offered ad libitum and supplemented with 500 g soya-bean meal and 50 g minerals and vitamins to 44 12-month-old bulls for 157 and 172 days in experiments 1 and 2 respectively. Twelve of the animals also received 2·5 kg rolled spring barley (LB), 12 received 4·0 kg barley (HB) and 20 received 3·25 kg rolled wheat (W). For experiments 1 and 2 respectively the barley contained 796 and 787 g dry matter (DM) per kg; 118 and 105 g crude protein (CP) per kg DM; 47 and 57 g crude fibre per kg DM; the wheat contained 845 and 800 g DM per kg; 112 and 116 g CP per kg DM; 23 and 25 g crude fibre per kg DM; and the silages contained 190 and 177 g DM per kg; 153 and 176 g CP per kg DM; 80 and 104 g ammonia-nitrogen per kg total nitrogen. On average over the two experiments, for treatments LB, HB and W respectively, silage DM intakes were 5·4, 4·7 (s.e. 0·14) and 4·9 (s.e. 0·11) kg/day; total DM intakes 7·9, 8·3 (s.e. 0·14) and 8·1 (s.e. 0·11) kg/day; metabolizable energy intakes 91·4, 97·8 and 94·2 MJ/day; live-weight gains 1·04,1·19 (s.e. 0·029) and 1·10 (s.e. 0·023) kg/day and carcass gams 0·65, 0·77 (s.e. 0·017) and 0·70 (s.e. 0·013) kg/day. It is concluded that the feeding value of wheat was proportionately 0·98 of that of barley for finishing beef cattle when given as a supplement to grass silage, and that the type of cereal offered did not affect silage intake or carcass composition.

Effect of protein level in cereal based rations for Continental cross Holstein bulls and heifers

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 ◽  
pp. 114-114
Author(s):  
S.P Marsh ◽  
E Walters
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Holstein Bulls ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

The use of barley and a protein supplement such as soya bean meal as an ad libitum ration for intensively finished male beef calves has been well established and widely used since the conception of the cereal beef system in the 1960’s (Preston et al 1963). Rations on commercial beef units rearing Continental cross Holstein beef cattle are usually formulated to contain 175g CP/kg DM. With the recent fall in the price of barley there is increased interest in the cereal beef system for bull calves and late maturing Continental cross Holstein heifers. Increasing the proportion of barley in cereal beef rations can reduce ration costs and provided productivity is maintained, increase profit. There is also a paucity of information on the performance of heifers on the cereal beef system. The objective of this study was to evaluate feeding cereal based rations containing either 140 or 175g CP/kg DM to Continental cross Holstein bulls and heifers.

Response of fast growing lambs to compound protein level

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 ◽  
pp. 85-85
Author(s):  
J S Blake ◽  
T D A Brigstocke ◽  
P J Kenyon
Keyword(s):  
Financial Support ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Development Unit ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Market Needs ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Lamb Growth

Reduction of the financial support by the EC to sheep farmers has highlighted the need for lamb fattening diets which can adjust the rate of lamb growth, depending on market needs. A trial was run at BOCM SILCOCK Development Unit, Barhill using 144 Texel and Suffolk x Mule lambs, with a mean start weight of 18.6 ± 0.50 kg (mean ± SE). Lambs were divided into 24 pens and allocated one of four compound diets (Diets A, B, C or D). The diets were designed to be isoenergetic with an estimated energy of 11.4 MJ ME/kg DM and contained 138, 172, 206 and 250 g crude protein/kg DM. Protein levels were increased by increasing soya bean meal inclusion from 0 to 25% and reducing barley and wheat levels.Formulations and actual analysis are shown in Table 1. Lambs were bedded on barley straw refreshed daily, with compound diets and water available ad-lib.

Feed Additives for Fattening Cattle

1986 ◽  
Vol 1986 ◽  
pp. 112-112
Author(s):  
M. Kay ◽  
P.J. Broadbent ◽  
E.A. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Daily Gain

Feed additives are widely used in beef production systems. Two trials were made to measure the effect of feed additives on the daily gain and feed efficiency of fattening beef cattle. In the first trial 48 Friesians and 48 weaned suckled calves weighing about 390 kg were fed individually on grass silage ad libitum together with 4 kg (Friesians) and 3 kg (weaned calves) bruised barley daily. The treatments were control (C), no additive; Avotan 150 mg/d (A); Flavomycin 45 mg/d (F) and Romensin 200 mg/d (R). Minerals and vitamins were given daily on the silage. In the second trial there were 240 Friesian and Exotic x Friesian bulls. They were housed on slats in groups of 15 and offered a mixture of bruised barley and soya bean meal ad libitum. The treatments were control, no additive; Flavomycin 50 mg/d, Romensin 210 mg/d and Salinomycin 150 mg/d. In trial 1 the steers were implanted with Ralgro and the heifers with Finaplix. No implants were used in the second trial. All the animals were weighed regularly and feed intake was recorded continuously. They were slaughtered when they achieved the required conformation and fat cover.

Effect of ammonia treatment or protein supplementation on rumination behaviour in sheep given barley straw

1997 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-445
Author(s):  
P. O. Mawuenyegah ◽  
L. Warly ◽  
T. Harumoto ◽  
T. Fujihara
Keyword(s):  
Latin Square ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Ammonia Treatment ◽  
Salt Lick ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

AbstractA study was conducted to compare the effects of ammoniation and protein supplementation of barley straw on rumination behaviour of sheep. Four wethers were allocated to four diets offered ad libitum in a 4 × 4 Latin-square design. The diets were, untreated barley straw + molasses meal (diet 1), untreated barley straw + soya-bean meal + molasses meal (diet 2), ammonia-treated barley straw + molasses meal (diet 3) and ammonia-treated barley straw + soya-bean meal + molasses meal (diet 4). Animals were kept in metabolism crates throughout each 16-day experimental period and allowed free access to water and a mineralized salt lick. The first 11 days of each period were for adaptation to the harnesses and diets while the last 5 days were used for rumination studies. Animals given diets 3 and 4 had slower eating rates compared with those given diets 1 and 2. Rumination index and duration of each rumination period was lower for sheep consuming diets 3 and 4 than for those on diets 1 and 2 but not significantly so (P > 0·05). Rumination time per 100 g neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) intake was significantly lower (P < 0·01) for diets containing ammoniated straw. Animals given ammoniated straw diets also regurgitated fewer boluses per unit NDF intake than did those on untreated straw diets. The results showed that increased intake and digestibility, which is usually associated with ammoniated straws, was due to sheep doing less work per unit of time to break down straw for digestion. In this way, potentially digestible tissues within a given amount of straw is more readily exposed. The foregoing suggests that ammonia treatment results in less rumination so that ruminants given ammonia-treated straw diets do less work ruminating.

Effect of feeding soya-bean meal or distillers grains on the performance of silage fed beef cattle

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 119-119
Author(s):  
S.P Marsh ◽  
W.A.J Carr ◽  
M. Witt
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Beef Producers ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Extracted soya-bean meal is used by many beef producers in the UK as a protein source for cattle. A number of farm assurance schemes and abattoirs now prohibit the use of this feedstuff due to the possible inclusion of genetically modified material. Organic production standards prohibit the feeding of solvent extracted feeding stuffs. Therefore, there is a requirement to evaluate alternative traceable protein sources for beef cattle. The objective of this trial was to determine the effect on cattle performance of feeding sugar beet feed with distillers grains or soya-bean meal to beef cattle on a silage based system.

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