Relationship of diet, hoof type and locomotion score with lesions of the sole and white line in dairy cattle

1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Logue ◽  
J. E. Offer ◽  
J. J. Hyslop
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Lesion Score ◽  
White Line ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Locomotion Score

AbstractThree groups of 16 cattle each comprising three multiparous Jersey cross Holstein-Friesian cows, seven primiparous and six multiparous Holstein-Friesian cattle were offered, ad libitum, a silage-based complete diet with different concentrate ingredients following an initial 3-week covariate period. The relationship between these three diets and other parameters with lesions of the weight-bearing surface of the hoof was studied by scoring mobility weekly (locomotion score) and examining all the feet of all cows for visual lesions particularly those involving the horn of the foot. In addition hoof angle, hardness and growth and wear were also recorded. The mean locomotion score during the initial 3-week covariate period was a significant covariate for the subsequent locomotion score, milk yield, and live weight (P< 0·001). Furthermore weekly locomotion score also proved a significant covariate for weekly milk yield (P< 0·05). There were no significant differences between dietary treatment groups for locomotion score, overall lesion score (despite significantly fewer ulcers of the sole in one dietary group:P< 0·001) but a significant (P< 0·05) difference between cow ‘type’ and there was also a significant (P< 0·05) diet × breed interaction for locomotion score and milk yield. It was concluded first that initial mobility was an important factor in subsequent mobility of the cow and so experimental design; secondly that while nutrition and genotype interacted to influence mobility, visual lesions of the hoof and lameness, the mechanisms involved were far from clear; and thirdly that the simple lesion score used required some adjustment or correction factor(s) to ensure that more severe lesions were given a greater weight than a simple unitary increase.

Effects of underfeeding during the second gestation of Holstein-Friesian heifers. 2. Residual effects on second lactation performance

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 ◽  
pp. 93-93
Author(s):  
J.M. Moorby ◽  
R.J. Dewhurst ◽  
W.J. Fisher ◽  
D.W.R. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Lactational Performance ◽  
Protein Feeding ◽  
Quality Diet ◽  
Ad Libitum

Previous work has shown that dry period protein feeding can have important residual effects on the subsequent lactational performance in dairy cows (Moorby et al., 1996), although the results have been variable. This variability may be due to an animals nutrient requirements during late lactation and its ability to compensate during the dry period for previously inadequate supplies. This experiment was designed to investigate the effects of heifer age and level of concentrate offered during the second half of the first lactation on the second lactation performance. The size of the Longissimus dorsi was monitored as a marker of skeletal muscle use for lactation.Thirty-eight Holstein-Friesian heifers were treated as described by Dewhurst et al. (1997). Briefly, animals were divided into 4 treatment groups differing in age at first calving (2 or 3 years old) and level of concentrate feeding for the last 18-20 weeks of their first lactation (2 kg/d, ‘L’, or 7 kg/d, ‘H’; n=11, 11, 9 and 7 for treatments 2L, 2H, 3L and 3H respectively). Six weeks before predicted calving date, animals were dried off and offered a relatively low quality diet of ad libitum access to a grass silage:straw mix (40:60 on a DM basis), designed to offer them little chance to compensate for previous differences in diet. After calving, animals were offered a diet of ad libitum access to grass silage plus 8 kg/d concentrate to day 120 of lactation, and 5 kg/d thereafter. Live weight was recorded weekly. After calving, milk yields were recorded daily, and milk samples taken weekly, to week 20 of lactation.

scholarly journals Short term effect of treating claw horn lesions in dairy cattle on their locomotion, activity and milk yield

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane A. Montgomery ◽  
Katie Forgan ◽  
Catherine Hayhurst ◽  
Elizabeth Rees ◽  
Jennifer S. Duncan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Night Time ◽  
White Line ◽  
Time Activity ◽  
Milk Flow ◽  
Ulcer Haemorrhage ◽  
Locomotion Activity ◽  
Locomotion Score

The immediate effect on dairy cow mobility, daily activity and milk yield following treatment for claw horn disease was examined in 306 lame cows located on four Cheshire dairy farms over twelve months. The daily activity and milk yield of all cows in these herds was recorded on computer using pedometers and in-parlour milk flow meters. Lame cows identified by stockmen were assessed subjectively by locomotion score, then restrained and their claws examined to identify the predominant lesion present. Those with locomotion scores &gt; 2.5 that presented with sole ulcer, haemorrhage and bruising, or white line disease were studied. Claws of the affected limb were trimmed by one paraprofessional claw trimmer using the five-step <em>Dutch method </em>and the affected claw unloaded either by trimming or application of a block to the healthy digit: those on the contra-lateral limb were trimmed similarly. The same observer repeated the locomotion score assessment seven days later: trimming reduced the proportion of lame cows (score &gt;3) by 55% and those with poor gait (score &lt;3&gt;2.5) by 49%, and the proportion of all cows not lame after trimming was 51% (χ2 4.94: P≤0.001). Night time activity levels increased from 76 to 81 steps/hour on day 2 after treatment (P&lt;0.05) but this was not maintained: daily milk yields fell by 2%. Using univariate mixed models, year and season, parity and farm all had significant effects on locomotion and activity levels. This treatment for claw horn disease in lame dairy cows improved their immediate health and welfare.

The effect of diet and housing on the development of sole haemorrhages, white line haemorrhages and heel erosions in Holstein heifers

1998 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Livesey ◽  
T. Harrington ◽  
A. M. Johnston ◽  
S. A. May ◽  
J. A. Metcalf
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Lesion Score ◽  
White Line ◽  
Analysis Of Results ◽  
Foot Lesions ◽  
Locomotion Score

AbstractHaemorrhagic lesions, heel erosions and changes in foot conformation have been associated with husbandry, underfoot conditions and nutrition of dairy cows.These characteristics were monitored in 40 heifers in a 2 × 2 factorial design starting in the last trimester of pregnancy and continuing until 12 weeks post partum. Primary treatments were housing in straw yards or cubicles and secondary treatments were alternative complete diets given during lactation which differed in concentrate: forage ratio. A scoring system was developed for each of the foot lesions to allow statistical analysis of results. Locomotion scoring was carried out weekly.White line haemorrhages, sole haemorrhages and heel erosions were all present before calving. White line haemorrhages were exacerbated by housing in cubicle yards and alleviated by housing in straw yards (P < 0·001) with an interaction between diet and housing around calving (P < 0·05). Sole haemorrhages were exacerbated both by housing in cubicle yards (P < 0·01) and the high concentrate diet (P < 0·01) with an interaction between diet and housing around calving (P < 0·05). Heel erosions were exacerbated (P < 0·05) by housing in straw yards but not affected by diet. Sole haemorrhage and heel erosion scores generally increased during early lactation (P < 0·001) independent of the treatments. There was evidence that these foot lesions were not caused by laminitis. There was a higher incidence of lameness for heifers given the high concentrate diet but no correlation between locomotion score and the type of lesion or lesion score.

scholarly journals Effect of Varying Dietary Crude Protein Level on Feed Intake, Nutrient Digestibility, Milk Production, and Nitrogen Use Efficiency by Lactating Holstein-Friesian Cows

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2439
Author(s):  
Constantine Bakyusa Katongole ◽  
Tianhai Yan
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Friesian Cows

The effect of dietary crude protein (CP) level on intake, digestibility, milk production, and nitrogen (N) use efficiency was studied. Twenty-four Holstein-Friesian cows (17 multiparous and seven primiparous) were grouped by parity, days in milk, milk yield, and live weight into six blocks of four, and randomly assigned to four total mixed ration (TMR) treatments, containing 141, 151, 177, or 210 g CP/kg dry matter (DM), over 28 day experimental periods. Apparent total-tract DM and fiber digestibilities and milk fat composition were similar across treatments. Milk protein and urea-N compositions, and urinary and manure N excretion increased linearly, while milk N efficiency (MNE) decreased linearly with increasing CP. DM intake was highest with the 177 diet, while CP intake increased linearly with increasing CP, peaking at 200 g/kg DM. Milk yield increased with CP intake for the three lower CP levels, peaking at 176 g CP/kg DM. The further increase in CP level from 177 to 210 g/kg DM did not result in improved milk yield, but resulted in decreased milk N secretion and increased urinary N excretion. In summary, milk protein composition increased linearly with increasing CP, accompanied by a linear decrease in MNE, resulting in a bell-shaped relationship between milk yield and dietary CP level.

Evaluation of aspirin (ASA) in broiler chicken during hot dry summer using zoo technical, molecular and physio-biochemical tools

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. Rokade ◽  
S.K. Bhanja ◽  
A.S. Shinde ◽  
Sajjad, Darshana ◽  
B. Bhaisare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Heat Stressor

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of aspirin as anti-heat stressor. Broiler chicks were reared on a standard diet up to 14 days of age. Thereafter, the chicks were randomly distributed into three dietary treatment groups viz., T1 (Control group: Standard diet), T2 (Standard diet with aspirin@250 mg/kg) and T3 (Standard diet with aspirin@500 mg/kg). Each treatment was having five replicates of eight birds per replicate. Experiment was carried out during hot-dry (April-May, 30.0±0.70 to 37.0±1.40C, Rh, %: 58.05±1.32 to 70.11±0.82) summer. Feed intake and live weight gain was comparable among the treatments but FCR, protein and energy efficiency improved significantly (P less than 0.001) on aspirin supplementation. The relative yield of thymus and bursa at 4th and 6th week of age improved significantly (P less than 0.05). The percentage of protein, aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) increased significantly (P less than 0.001) due to aspirin supplementation at 4th as well as 6th week of age. While H:L ratio, serum corticosteron and serum cholesterol (only at 42nd day of age) decreased significantly (P less than 0.001) in aspirin supplemented groups at 28th as well as 42nd day of age. Supplementation of aspirin at 500 mg/kg reduced relative expression of HSP70 in jejunum tissues during 28th or 42nd day of age. It can be concluded that aspirin supplementation 500 mg/kg in diet of heat stressed broilers improved performance as well as welfare..

Studies of the skeleton of the sheep. IV. The effects and interactions of dietary supplements of calcium, phosphorus, cod-liver oil and energy, as starch, on the skeleton of growing blackface wethers

1960 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Benzie ◽  
A. W. Boyne ◽  
A. C. Dalgarno ◽  
J. Duckworth ◽  
R. Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Growth ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Cod Liver Oil ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Different Parts

1. A factorial experiment on wether hoggs was carried out to examine the effects on bone growth and composition and on blood composition of four dietary factors. The factors were extra calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, and energy in the form of starch, and each was fed in all possible combinations, so that there were sixteen dietary treatment groups in all. Each group consisted of three animals.2. Serum calcium and blood inorganic phosphorus concentrations were determined monthly, and radiographs of most parts of the skeleton were taken at the beginning and end of the experiment. After about 6 months on the experimental diets the animals were killed and the ash weights and percentage of ash of different parts of the skeleton and of the whole skeleton were determined. Live-weight changes and food intakes were also measured.

scholarly journals Relationship of dairy heifer reproduction with survival to first calving, milk yield and culling risk in the first lactation

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1360-1368 ◽  
Author(s):  
István Fodor ◽  
Zsolt Lang ◽  
László Ózsvári
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Relationship Of

Objective: The aim of our study was to determine the associations of heifer reproductive performance with survival up to the first calving, first-lactation milk yield, and the probability of being culled within 50 days after first calving.Methods: Data from 33 large Holstein-Friesian commercial dairy herds were gathered from the official milk recording database in Hungary. The data of heifers first inseminated between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2014 were analyzed retrospectively, using Cox proportional hazards models, competing risks models, multivariate linear and logistic mixed-effects models.Results: Heifers (n = 35,128) with younger age at conception were more likely to remain in the herd until calving, and each additional month in age at conception increased culling risk by 5.1%. Season of birth was related to first-lactation milk yield (MY1; n = 19,931), with cows born in autumn having the highest milk production (p<0.001). The highest MY1 was achieved by heifers that first calved between 22.00 and 25.99 months of age. Heifers that calved in autumn had the highest MY1, whereas calving in summer was related to the lowest milk production (p<0.001). The risk of culling within 50 days in milk in first lactation (n = 21,225) increased along with first calving age, e.g. heifers that first calved after 30 months of age were 5.52-times more likely to be culled compared to heifers that calved before 22 months of age (p<0.001). Calving difficulty was related to higher culling risk in early lactation (p<0.001). Heifers that required caesarean section were 24.01-times more likely to leave the herd within 50 days after first calving compared to heifers that needed no assistance (p<0.001).Conclusion: Reproductive performance of replacement heifers is closely linked to longevity and milk production in dairy herds.

The herbage intake and milk production of strip- and zero-grazed dairy cows

1962 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. D. Greenhalgh ◽  
K. V. Runcie
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Herbage Intake ◽  
Free Grazing ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Friesian Cows

1. A group of four Ayrshire and four Friesian cows was strip grazed on a cocksfoot-dominant sward while a second, similar group was zero grazed on herbage cut from the same field. The experiment consisted of five 10-day periods, two in the spring and three in the summer.2. The intakes of all cows were calculated from values for faeces output, estimated by using chromic oxide, and for herbage digestibility, estimated from faeces nitrogen. The regressions used for predicting digestibility were determined with the zero-grazed cows, digestibility coefficients being calculated from measured intake and estimated faeces output values.3. Over the whole experiment there was no difference between treatments in milk yield, herbage digestibility or intake. The solids-not-fat content of the milk of strip-grazed cows was significantly higher than for zero-grazed cows.4. In both spring and summer the increasing maturity of the herbage caused declines from one period to the next in herbage digestibility and intake, and there were declines also in milk yield and solids-not-fat content. The declines were greater for the zero-grazed cows, apparently because they, unlike the strip-grazed animals, were unable to select the more digestible and palatable components of mature herbage. The effects of selective grazing on digestibility, however, were evidently small, for the difference in between the treatment groups was never greater than one unit.5. The estimated energy intakes of both treatment groups corresponded quite well with their theoretical requirements of energy for maintenance, milk production and live-weight gain, and there was no evidence of the energy cost of free grazing being appreciably greater than that of zero grazing.

The effect of strain of Holstein-Friesian cow and feeding system on reproductive performance in seasonal-calving milk production systems

2004 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Horan ◽  
J. F. Mee ◽  
M. Rath ◽  
P. O' Connor ◽  
P. Dillon
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
North American ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Feeding Systems

AbstractThree strains of Holstein-Friesian (HF) cows: high production North American (HP), high durability North American (HD) and New Zealand (NZ) were assigned, within strain, to one of three pasture-based feeding systems: Moorepark (MP), high concentrate (HC), and high stocking rate (HS). The effects of strain of HF, feeding system and parity on milk production, body condition score (BCS), live weight, energy balance and reproductive performance were studied using a repeated measures model with a factorial arrangement of strain ofHF and feeding systems. Associations between these variables and conception to first service (CONCEPT1), conception to first and second service (CONCEPTl_2), pregnancy rate at 6 weeks (PREG6) and overall pregnancy rate (PREG) were assessed using logistic regressions. When treatment means were compared, the NZ strain had a shorter gestation length and a higher CONCEPT1J2 than both the HP and HD strains. Similarly, the NZ strain had a higher PREG6 and PREG than the HP strain. Feeding system had no significant effect on reproductive performance. The HP strain had the highest milk yield at first AI and peak milk yield, the NZ strain had the lowest milk yield while the HD strain was intermediate. The energy balance of the NZ strain was higher than that of the HP and HD strains. The NZ strain had the lowest live weight and highest BCS; the HD strain had the highest live weight and the HP strain had the lowest BCS. The results show that dairy cows with superior genetic merit for fertility traits have better reproductive performance.

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