The effect of diet and housing on the development of sole haemorrhages, white line haemorrhages and heel erosions in Holstein heifers

1998 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Livesey ◽  
T. Harrington ◽  
A. M. Johnston ◽  
S. A. May ◽  
J. A. Metcalf
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Lesion Score ◽  
White Line ◽  
Analysis Of Results ◽  
Foot Lesions ◽  
Locomotion Score

AbstractHaemorrhagic lesions, heel erosions and changes in foot conformation have been associated with husbandry, underfoot conditions and nutrition of dairy cows.These characteristics were monitored in 40 heifers in a 2 × 2 factorial design starting in the last trimester of pregnancy and continuing until 12 weeks post partum. Primary treatments were housing in straw yards or cubicles and secondary treatments were alternative complete diets given during lactation which differed in concentrate: forage ratio. A scoring system was developed for each of the foot lesions to allow statistical analysis of results. Locomotion scoring was carried out weekly.White line haemorrhages, sole haemorrhages and heel erosions were all present before calving. White line haemorrhages were exacerbated by housing in cubicle yards and alleviated by housing in straw yards (P < 0·001) with an interaction between diet and housing around calving (P < 0·05). Sole haemorrhages were exacerbated both by housing in cubicle yards (P < 0·01) and the high concentrate diet (P < 0·01) with an interaction between diet and housing around calving (P < 0·05). Heel erosions were exacerbated (P < 0·05) by housing in straw yards but not affected by diet. Sole haemorrhage and heel erosion scores generally increased during early lactation (P < 0·001) independent of the treatments. There was evidence that these foot lesions were not caused by laminitis. There was a higher incidence of lameness for heifers given the high concentrate diet but no correlation between locomotion score and the type of lesion or lesion score.

The effect of foot lesions on locomotion score and spine posture measured using computerised motion analysis in early lactation Holstein dairy cows

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 100-100
Author(s):  
N. Blackie ◽  
E.C.L Bleach ◽  
J.R Amory ◽  
C.R Nicholls ◽  
J.R Scaife
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Motion Analysis ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Foot Lesions ◽  
Locomotion Score ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

Locomotion scoring is an important tool to detect dairy cow lameness. A number of locomotion scoring systems use the posture of the back to identify lame cows (score 3). For example Sprecher et al (1997) suggested the presence of an arched back standing and walking indicates lameness. Flower and Weary (2006) developed this system to score cows while walking where a score 3 cow has a more severely arched back than a score 2 cow. However to date no work has been published characterising the degree of arching of the spine observed in lame animals and its relationship with foot lesions. This is important in the early detection of lameness and could be incorporated into locomotion scoring systems to improve the objectivity. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of foot lesions on spine posture of Holstein dairy cows in early lactation by motion analysis.

Evaluation of a gait scoring system for cattle by using cluster analysis and Krippendorff’s α reliability

2018 ◽  
Vol 184 (7) ◽  
pp. 220-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Volkmann ◽  
Jenny Stracke ◽  
Nicole Kemper
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Partial Agreement ◽  
Claw Lesions ◽  
Cluster 2 ◽  
Locomotion Score

The aim of the presented study was to validate a three-point locomotion score (LS) classifying lameness in dairy cows. Therefore, locomotion of 144 cows was scored and data on claw lesions were collected during hoof trimming. Based on latter data a cluster analysis was performed to objectively classify cows into three groups (Cluster 1–3). Finally, the congruence between scoring system and clustering was tested using Krippendorff’s α reliability. In total, 63 cows (43.7 per cent) were classified as non-lame (LS1), 38 (26.4 per cent) were rated as LS2 with an uneven gait and 43 (29.9 per cent) cows were ranked as clearly lame (LS3). In comparison, hoof-trimming data revealed 64 cows (44.4 per cent) to show no diagnosis, 37 (25.7 per cent) one diagnosis, 33 animals (22.9 per cent) two diagnoses and 10 (7.0 per cent) more than two. Comparing the respective categorisation received by either the cluster analysis or LS in between groups, a high correspondence (79.4 per cent and 83.7 per cent) could be found for LS1 and cluster 1 as well as for LS3 and cluster 3. Only LS2 had partial agreement (21.1 per cent) to cluster 2. However, Krippendorff’s α was 0.75 (95 per cent CI 0.68 to 0.81), indicating a good degree of reliability. Therefore, the results of this study suggested that the presented LS is suitable for classifying the cows’ state of lameness representing their claw diseases.

scholarly journals Feed Composition Analysis and Reproductive Status of Dairy Cows Raised in Yogyakart

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.29) ◽  
pp. 457
Author(s):  
Mohammad Firdaus Hudaya ◽  
Diah Tri Widayati ◽  
Budi Prasetyo Widyobroto ◽  
Cuk Tri Noviandi
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Reproductive Status ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Local Farmer

The objective of this study was to determine the content of the feed given and reproductive status of each animal and its effect on reproduction performance in early lactation dairy cows. Seven early lactation of Friesian Holstein cows were used from local farmer. The observed variable were feedstuff from local farmer and reproductive status (post partum estrous and service per conception). The results of proximat and van soest analysis from feedstuff consist of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) and concentrate feed from feed mill. The elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) was contained of dry matter (DM) 86.27%, Ash 18.63%, extract eter (EE) 3.84%, crude fiber (CF) 30.62%, crude protein (CP) 13.05%, neutral detergent fibre (NDF) 73.73% and acid detergent fiber (ADF) 45.31%. Concentrates feed was contained of dry matter (DM) 89.24%, Ash 15.36%, extract eter (EE) 5.37%, crude fiber (CF) 17.11%, crude protein (CP) 12.76%, neutral detergent fibre (NDF) 58.23% and acid detergent fiber (ADF) 19.20%. The results of reproductive parameters for post partum estrous (PPE) 121.43±16.672 days and service per conception (S/C) was 2.14±0.690. In conclusion the feedstuff were given less meet the requirement, and affecting the performance of reproduction.  

Respiratory burst activity of blood and milk neutrophils in dairy cows during different stages of lactation

2001 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
JALIL MEHRZAD ◽  
HILDE DOSOGNE ◽  
EVELYNE MEYER ◽  
ROGER HEYNEMAN ◽  
CHRISTIAN BURVENICH
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Respiratory Burst ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Burst Activity ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Respiratory Burst Activity ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

The non-stimulated and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated luminol-augmented cellular chemiluminescence (CL) response and viability of milk and blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) were determined in lactating dairy cows during different stages of lactation. In the first study, ten healthy cows each in early, mid and late lactation were compared. In a second study, the same measurements as in the first study were evaluated longitudinally in 12 cows during 1 month following parturition. The CL activity and myeloperoxidase (MPO) content of milk PMN and macrophages (M) were also compared. Milk M did not possess MPO activity and were devoid of any luminol-enhanced CL. The CL activity of milk and blood PMN was significantly lower in early lactation than in mid and late lactation (P < 0·001). Whereas little changes were observed in viability of blood PMN, the viability of milk PMN was lower in early lactation than in mid and late lactation (P < 0·001). The percentage of PMN in isolated milk cells was also lower during early lactation than during mid and late lactation (P < 0·001). The CL activity in response to PMA during early, mid and late lactation increased 13, 59 and 42-fold in blood PMN and 1·7, 2·6 and 2·4-fold in milk PMN, respectively, in comparison with non-stimulated PMN. The CL activity, both in milk and blood PMN, the milk PMN viability and the percentage of milk PMN were lowest between 3 d and 11 d post partum. These observed changes immediately after calving could contribute to a higher susceptibility to mastitis in that period.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF LAMENESS AND ASSOCIATED FOOT LESIONS IN SAHIWAL DAIRY COWS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 477-486
Author(s):  
Puneet Singh ◽  
◽  
Swaran Singh ◽  
Dhiraj Kumar Gupta ◽  
C.S. Randhawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
White Line ◽  
Lactation Length ◽  
Welfare Issue ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Prevalent Disease ◽  
Foot Lesions ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cattle

Lameness is 3rd most prevalent disease after mastitis and infertility, in the dairy industry today and is an important welfare issue causing significant impact on dairy economics. Lameness leads to involuntary culling of lactating dairy cattle due to significant effect on production and reproduction.Mostly lameness occurs due to foot lesions irrespective of breed, management and of animal. Two hundred and four Sahiwal dairy cows were evaluated for lameness and associated claw lesionsin the study from local dairy farms of Punjab. Clinical lameness (lameness score 2 & 3) was evident in 6 per cent of animals. After lameness scoring, each animal was restrained in chute and hooves were examined before and after paring 1 mm of hoof tissue from weight bearing surface. Seventy three per cent animals had at least one lesion in their hooves. On animal level, under run soles (45%) were found to be most prevalent claw lesion followed by white line lesions (29%), overgrown soles (7%), cork screw hooves (5%), sole avulsions (5%), sole hemorrhages (3%), heel erosions (3%), double soles (2%) and wall cracks (1%). At claw level, prevalence of lesions was 35.3 per cent, among which under run soles were the most prevalent lesion (19.3%) followed by white line lesions (16.3%), overgrown soles (2.82%), cork screw hooves (1.84%), sole avulsions (1.47%), sole hemorrhages (1.04%), heel horn erosions (0.61%), double soles (0.49%), wall cracks (0.25%) and toe hemorrhages (0.12%). Lactation length and parity had no effect on lameness. Comparatively more lesions were seen in hind limb hooves (56.8%) as compared to forelimb hooves (43.2%). Fore lateral and hind medial claws had more lesions (58.8% and 76.47%, respectively) as compared to contralateral claws 52.9% and 70.5%, respectively). Overall, a low prevalence of clinical lameness was seen in Sahiwal dairy cows.

The effect of biotin supplementation on the mechanical properties of the hoof horn and lameness in dairy cows

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 200-200
Author(s):  
B. Winkler ◽  
J. K. Margerison
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
White Line ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Epidermal Tissue ◽  
Keratin Filaments ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
Biotin Supplementation ◽  
Locomotion Score

Biotin plays a critical role in the differentiation of epidermal tissue, in the fatty acid and glucose metabolism. Qualitative and quantitative changes in the synthesis of keratin filaments, interruption of the co-ordination from keratinisation until cornification and intercellular cementing substance of poor quality occur in the hoof horn of biotin deficient calves (Mulling et al., 1999). The addition of supplementary biotin in diets has been found to significantly increase hoof hardness and reduce lameness of cows (Schmid, 1995; Fitzgerald et al., 2000). The aim of this experiment was to compare changes in locomotion score and lesion score with the results of mechanical testing of the sole and white line horn in cows supplemented and not supplemented with biotin.

Relationship of diet, hoof type and locomotion score with lesions of the sole and white line in dairy cattle

1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Logue ◽  
J. E. Offer ◽  
J. J. Hyslop
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Lesion Score ◽  
White Line ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Locomotion Score

AbstractThree groups of 16 cattle each comprising three multiparous Jersey cross Holstein-Friesian cows, seven primiparous and six multiparous Holstein-Friesian cattle were offered, ad libitum, a silage-based complete diet with different concentrate ingredients following an initial 3-week covariate period. The relationship between these three diets and other parameters with lesions of the weight-bearing surface of the hoof was studied by scoring mobility weekly (locomotion score) and examining all the feet of all cows for visual lesions particularly those involving the horn of the foot. In addition hoof angle, hardness and growth and wear were also recorded. The mean locomotion score during the initial 3-week covariate period was a significant covariate for the subsequent locomotion score, milk yield, and live weight (P< 0·001). Furthermore weekly locomotion score also proved a significant covariate for weekly milk yield (P< 0·05). There were no significant differences between dietary treatment groups for locomotion score, overall lesion score (despite significantly fewer ulcers of the sole in one dietary group:P< 0·001) but a significant (P< 0·05) difference between cow ‘type’ and there was also a significant (P< 0·05) diet × breed interaction for locomotion score and milk yield. It was concluded first that initial mobility was an important factor in subsequent mobility of the cow and so experimental design; secondly that while nutrition and genotype interacted to influence mobility, visual lesions of the hoof and lameness, the mechanisms involved were far from clear; and thirdly that the simple lesion score used required some adjustment or correction factor(s) to ensure that more severe lesions were given a greater weight than a simple unitary increase.

scholarly journals Milk fatty acid profile related to energy balance in dairy cows

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Gross ◽  
Hendrika A van Dorland ◽  
Rupert M Bruckmaier ◽  
Frieder J Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Energy Status

Milk fatty acid (FA) profile is a dynamic pattern influenced by lactational stage, energy balance and dietary composition. In the first part of this study, effects of the energy balance during the proceeding lactation [weeks 1–21 post partum (pp)] on milk FA profile of 30 dairy cows were evaluated under a constant feeding regimen. In the second part, effects of a negative energy balance (NEB) induced by feed restriction on milk FA profile were studied in 40 multiparous dairy cows (20 feed-restricted and 20 control). Feed restriction (energy balance of −63 MJ NEL/d, restriction of 49 % of energy requirements) lasted 3 weeks starting at around 100 days in milk. Milk FA profile changed markedly from week 1 pp up to week 12 pp and remained unchanged thereafter. The proportion of saturated FA (predominantly 10:0, 12:0, 14:0 and 16:0) increased from week 1 pp up to week 12 pp, whereas monounsaturated FA, predominantly the proportion of 18:1,9c decreased as NEB in early lactation became less severe. During the induced NEB, milk FA profile showed a similarly directed pattern as during the NEB in early lactation, although changes were less marked for most FA. Milk FA composition changed rapidly within one week after initiation of feed restriction and tended to adjust to the initial composition despite maintenance of a high NEB. C18:1,9c was increased significantly during the induced NEB indicating mobilization of a considerable amount of adipose tissue. Besides 18:1,9c, changes in saturated FA, monounsaturated FA, de-novo synthesized and preformed FA (sum of FA >C16) reflected energy status in dairy cows and indicated the NEB in early lactation as well as the induced NEB by feed restriction.

Effect of work applied at different stages of lactation on milk production, reproduction and live-weight change of F1 crossbred dairy cows used for draught

1999 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Zerbini ◽  
Alemu Gebre Wold
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Natural Pasture

AbstractThis study examined whether work applied at different stages of lactation had any effect on reproduction of cows under two feeding regimes. Twenty-four F1 crossbred dairy cows (12 Friesian × Boran and 12 Simmental × Boran) were allocated one of two diets (H + 3: natural pasture hay + 3 kg concentrate per day; and H + 5: natural pasture hay + 5 kg concentrate per day) and one of three work treatments — starting 45 days (D45), 90 days (D90) and 135 days (D135) post partum — using a principal component analysis score based on milk yield, live weight, calving interval and parity. Cows pulled sledges for 50 days (pull = 108 N per 100 kg live weight). Over the experimental period of 315 days, cows on diet H + 5 travelled a similar distance and produced amounts of fat-corrected milk (FCM) similar to those of cows on diet H + 3. Total intake of dry matter per kg live weight 0·75 was higher for cows on diet H + 5 than for cows on diet H + 3 and was similar across work times. Hay dry-matter intake was greater for the H + 3 group than for the H + 5 group at 180 days post partum and thereafter. Cows on diet H + 5 lost less weight in early lactation and gained more in mid and late lactation than cows on diet H + 3. During the work period, live-weight change was similar across diets but it was different between work treatments D45 and D135. The interval from calving to conception decreased by 63 and 101 days when start of work was delayed from D45 to D90 and from D45 to D 135, respectively. Output/input ratios of metabolizable energy equivalents were 0·35 for H + 3 and 0·37 for H + 5 diet, and 0·34, 0·37 and 0·40 for work times D45, D90 and D135, respectively. These results indicate that work started in early lactation significantly increased days to conception and decreased overall productivity of lactating working cows. Farmers must weigh the relative importance and cost of delayed ploughing against those of delayed oestrus or against the cost of borrowing draught power.

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