A note on the effect of cannulation of the terminal ileum of the growing pig on the apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids in ground barley

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Moughan ◽  
W. C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Nutrient Digestion ◽  
Growing Pig ◽  
Conflicting Evidence

Ileal digesta are often sampled from the pig through either re-entrant or simple T-piece cannulas. There is conflicting evidence, however, concerning the effects of cannulation on nutrient digestion and absorption. In several studies with the pig, cannulation has not influenced overall protein digestibility (Furuya, Takahashi and Omori, 1974; Sauer, Stothers and Parker, 1977; Taverner, 1979; Huisman, Weerden, Leeuwen, Hof and Sauer, 1984) or energy metabolism (Close, Heavens, Stephens and Sambrook, 1984) while in other studies (Laplace and Borgida, 1976; Sauer, Aherne and Thacker, 1979) there have been indications of adverse effects of cannulation on nutrient digestibility. Livingstone and McWilliam (1985) showed an effect of simple ileal cannulation on pig growth which may have been due to decreased nutrient digestibility or utilization.

scholarly journals 181 Effects of Aspergillus oryzae prebiotic on energy and nutrient digestibility of growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 80-80
Author(s):  
Jinlong Zhu ◽  
Gerald C Shurson ◽  
Lynsey Whitacre ◽  
Ignacio R Ipharraguerre ◽  
Pedro E Urriola
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Aspergillus Oryzae ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Wheat Middlings ◽  
Corn Distillers

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the effects of an Aspergillus oryzae prebiotic (AOP, Amaferm®) on nutrient digestibility in growing pigs fed high fiber diets. Eighteen growing barrows (initial BW = 50.60 ± 4.90 kg) were surgically equipped with a T-cannula at the distal ileum. Three diets were formulated by including 29.65% corn-distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), 36.65% rice bran (RB) or 24.59% wheat middlings (WM) in corn and soybean meal-based diets to meet nutrient requirements for 50 to 75 kg growing pigs. Three additional diets were formulated by supplementing 0.05% AOP at the expense of corn in DDGS (DDGS + AOP), RB (RB + AOP), and wheat middlings (WM + AOP) diets. Pigs were allotted randomly to a triplicated 6 × 2 Youden square design with 6 diets and 2 successive periods. Feces and ileal digesta were collected for 2 d after a 21 d adaptation period, and nutrient content was analyzed to calculate apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and apparent ileal digestibility (AID). Standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids was calculated by correcting AID with basal endogenous amino acid losses determined from the same set of pigs. Supplementation of 0.05% AOP increased (P < 0.05) ATTD of DM, GE, CP, NDF, and ash in DDGS, RB, and WM diets. Diet DE was 35 kcal/kg greater (P < 0.05) in pigs fed AOP supplemented diets compared with those fed diets without AOP. Pigs fed DDGS+AOP diet had greater (P < 0.05) AID of ether extract compared to those fed DDGS diet. However, supplementation of AOP did not (P > 0.05) affect AID of GE, DM, CP, NDF, ash or SID of amino acids. In conclusion, supplementation of AOP in high fiber diets containing DDGS, RB, or WM increased total tract energy value and nutrient digestibility.

Nutritional evaluation of fish protein hydrolysate and its application in piglet production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Zhang ◽  
Xiaoming Song ◽  
Wenxuan Dong ◽  
Ling Liu ◽  
Zhiying Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Fish Protein ◽  
Experimental Diet ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Fish Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract This study was conducted to determine the digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), and ileal digestibility of amino acids (AA) of fish protein hydrolysate (FPH), and to evaluate the effects of FPH on the performance of piglets. In Exp. 1, the available energy content of FPH was determined by difference methods: 12 barrows with an initial body weight (BW) of 40.0±2.1kg were randomly assigned into two dietary treatments with six replicates per treatment, the treatments contained a corn basal diet and an experimental diet in which 20% corn was replaced by FPH. The experiment was lasted for 12 days, with 7 days adaptation period followed by 5 days total collection of feces and urine. In Exp. 2, the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA in FPH by the N-free method was determined, 12 barrows (initial BW of 35.3±1.8 kg) with ileal T-cannulas were randomly allotted into two treatments with six replicates per treatment, the dietary treatments consisted of an experimental diet and a N-free diet. The experiment was lasted for 7 days, with 5 days adaptation period followed by 2 days collection of ileal digesta. In Exp. 3, the effect of FPH on the performance of piglets was conducted. 192 piglets (initial BW of 8.10±1.8kg) were randomly allotted into four treatments with six replicates per treatment. The treatments were a control diet with fish meal (FM) and part or all FM was replaced by FPH, got diets containing 2%, 3% or 5% FPH. The experiment lasted for 28 days. Results showed that: In Exp. 1, the DE and ME of FPH were 21.12MJ/kg and 20.28MJ/kg. In Exp. 2, the SID of Lys, Met, Thr and Trp were 79.99%, 87.17%, 68.29%, and 71.53% respectively. In Exp. 3, addition of 3% FPH increased nutrient digestibility and volatile fatty acid content in feces. Addition of 5% FPH increased the average daily feed intake (ADFI), significantly increased (P<0.05) the activities of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and immunoglobulin A (IgA), while significantly decreased (P<0.05) the average daily gain (ADG). In conclusion, FPH had a high value of digestible energy and ileal digestible essential amino acids, could improve nutrient digestibility, immunity, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal health of piglets, while adverse to nitrogen deposition in piglets.

scholarly journals The effect of heat on amino acids for growing pigs

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Van Barneveld ◽  
E. S. Batterham ◽  
B. W. Norton
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Quadratic Effect ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Protein Deposition ◽  
Growing Pig ◽  
Field Peas ◽  
Forced Air ◽  
Growth Experiments

Two growth experiments were conducted to determine the effect of heat on the utilization of ileal-digestible lysine from field peas (Pisum sativum cultivar Dundale) fed to growing pigs. Five lysine-deficient diets (0.36 g ileal-digestible lysine/MJ digestible energy (DE)) were formulated using raw field peas, and field peas heated to either 110°, 135°, 150°, or 165° for 15 min respectively in a forced-air dehydrator. Additional diets were formulated with supplements of free lysine to verify that lysine was limiting in the diets containing the raw peas, and peas heated to 150° or 165°. The growth performance and retention of ileal-digestible lysine by pigs given the diets was determined over the 20–45 kg growth phase. Heat had a significant quadratic effect (P < 0.01) on growth rate, with responses declining from 543 g/d with pigs given the raw peas, to 407 g/d for those given the peas heated to 165°. Similarly, crude protein deposition declined in a quadratic manner (P < 0.001) from 76 to 36 g/d for pigs fed on raw peas and peas heated to 165° respectively. Retention of ileal-digestible lysine was 0.85 in the pigs given the raw field peas and declined in a quadratic manner (P < 0.001) with the application of heat to 0.48 in those pigs given the peas heated to 165°. Pigs fed on field peas heated to 165° had increased (P < 0.05) liver weights. The results indicate that heat applied to protein concentrates, even at mild temperatures, renders lysine in a form that is apparently absorbed but inefficiently utilized by the growing pig. Consequently, ileal digestibility values for lysine in heat-processed meals are unsuitable for diet formulations.

scholarly journals Ileal digestibility of dietary protein in the growing pig and adult human

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (12) ◽  
pp. 1752-1759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amélie Deglaire ◽  
Cécile Bos ◽  
Daniel Tomé ◽  
Paul J. Moughan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Adult Human ◽  
Growing Pig ◽  
Hydrolysed Casein

The suitability of the pig as an animal model for predicting protein digestibility in man was evaluated. Healthy adult human subjects (mean body weight 67 kg;n11) and growing pigs (mean body weight 40 kg;n15) were fed semi-synthetic mixed meals containing, as a sole source of N, casein (C), hydrolysed casein (HC) or rapeseed isolate (R). There was no prior adaptation to the test meal. Ileal digesta were sampled through a naso-ileal tube (human subjects) or a post-valve T-caecum cannula (pigs) after ingestion of a bolus meal. The protein sources were15N-labelled. Amino acid (AA) digestibilities were not determined for R. Ileal apparent N digestibility was markedly lower (14–16 %;P < 0·001) in human subjects than in pigs (C, HC, R). Similarly, most apparent ileal AA digestibilities were lower (8 % on average;P < 0·05) in human subjects (C, HC). Ileal true N digestibility was slightly lower (3–5 %;P < 0·001) in human subjects than in pigs (C, HC, R) and most true ileal AA digestibilities were similar (P>0·05) between the species (C, HC). Exceptions were for phenylalanine, tyrosine, lysine, histidine and aspartic acid for which digestibilities were lower (3 % on average;P < 0·001) in human subjects. A similar ranking of the diets was observed for true ileal N digestibility between species. The inter-species correlation for true ileal digestibility was high for N (r0·98 over 3 × 2 data;P = 0·11) and AA (r0·87 over 26 × 2 data;P < 0·0001). Overall, this supports the use of the pig as a model for predicting differences among dietary protein digestibility, especially regarding true ileal N digestibility, in man.

scholarly journals Availability to pigs of amino acids in cereal grains

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Taverner ◽  
D. J. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Lysine Content ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Available Lysine

1. Protein digestibility and lysine availability were determined in a range of grain samples using an in vitro digestibility assay calibrated with ileal digestibility values.2. Mean(± SE) values predicted for nitrogen digestibility were 0·92±0·011 in wheat and 0·88±0·021 in barley, and the predicted lysine availability in wheat was 0·86±0·021.3. Chemical and physical characteristics of the grains were determined and those most closely associated with protein digestibility for wheat were the contents of hemicellulose, neutral-detergent fibre, the bulk density, and to a lesser extent, N and acid-detergent fibre contents. These relationships were used to determine prediction equations for the available lysine content of wheat.

scholarly journals 122 Nutrient digestibility of heat pretreated or multienzyme treated corn whole stillage for pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 107-107
Author(s):  
Kevin Jerez-Bogota ◽  
Tofuko A Woyengo
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Whole Stillage ◽  
Net Energy Value ◽  
Corn Ddgs

Abstract A study was conducted to determine standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) and net energy value (NE) for pigs of heat-pretreated or enzyme-predigested corn whole stillage (WS; slurry material that is dried into DDGS). Ten ileal-cannulated barrows (initial BW = 65.6 ± 3.5 kg) were fed 5 diets in a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design. The diets were cornstarch-based, containing corn DDGS, untreated WS (C-WS), heat-pretreated WS (Heat-WS) or enzyme-predigested WS (Predigested-WS), and N-free diet. Digestibility of AA in feedstuffs was determined by the direct method. Energy digestibility in feedstuffs was determined by difference from the N-free diet. The WS was heat pretreated at 140 °C and 70 psi for 15 min. Predigestion of the WS was achieved by incubating with multienzyme that supplied xylanase, celullase, α-galactosidase at 2.4, 2.0 and 2.3 mg per gram of WS, respectively, for 12 h at 55 °C. On DM basis, DDGS, C-WS, Heat-WS, Predigested-WS contained 32.8, 30.8, 28.18, and 39.7% CP, 39.8, 51.0, 52.2 and 53.8% NDF, and 4.5, 4.6, 5.7 and 4.5% EE, respectively. The SID of Lys for C-WS (75.5%) was greater (P &lt; 0.05) than that for C-DDGS (67.4%) and Heat-WS (53.9%), but lower (P &lt; 0.05) than for Predigested-WS (84.1%). The NE value for C-WS (2,793 kcal/kg) did not differ from that of C-DDGS (2,668 kcal/kg DM). The NE value for C-WS was greater (P &lt; 0.05) than that for Heat-WS (1,834 kcal/kg DM) and lower than that for Predigested-WS (2,814 kcal/kg DM). In conclusion, enzymatic predigestion of WS increased its SID of Lys and NE value, and hence it can be an attractive technology to increase the nutritive value of corn DDGS for pigs. Heat pretreatment reduced SID of AA and NE values of the WS.

scholarly journals Effect of protease supplementation on the digestibility of amino acids in animal-origin meals for broiler diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Júlia Marixara Sousa da Silva ◽  
Nayanne Rodrigues de Oliveira ◽  
Alison Batista Vieira Silva Gouveia ◽  
Rodolfo Alves Vieira ◽  
Ronan Omar Fernandes dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Apparent Metabolizable Energy

Enzymes benefit digestion and absorption of the ingredients and their addition to an animal-origin meal (AOM) can improve its nutritional quality. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of protease on nutrient digestibility, amino acids, and metabolism of AOM energy for broilers. Four hundred and eighty broiler chickens were distributed in a completely randomized design (4 × 2 factorial scheme), eight treatments, six replicates containing 10 birds/replicate. Treatments consisted of poultry viscera meal, swine viscera meal (SVM), bovine meat and bone meal, and basal diet; with and without protease addition. Two tests were performed. In the first test, the total excreta collection method was used with birds at 13 to 20 days of age and 25% of the reference feed was replaced by AOM. In the second test, a protein-free diet was administered to birds at 21 to 24 days of age and AOM replaced 25% of the starch. The inclusion of protease increased the apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance of SVM by 15.99% and the apparent metabolizable crude energy by 5.7%, and it also raised the coefficient of true ileal digestibility of the amino acids in the AOMs by 5.67% on average. The inclusion of protease improved the apparent metabolizable crude energy of AOMs, apparent metabolizable dry matter of bovine meat and bone meal, coefficient of true ileal digestibility of essential amino acids, and apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance of SVM. Dietary supplementation of protease may be a potential strategy to improve the digestibility of amino acids for broilers, a possibility of using animal-origin meals as a protein source of diets.

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