Utilization of dl- and l-tryptophan in young pigs

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Schutte ◽  
E. J. van Weerden ◽  
F. Koch
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Dietary Level ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Food Conversion Efficiency

ABSTRACTTwo trials involving young pigs (total numbers 288 and 400, respectively) were performed to compare the biological activity of Dl- and L-tryptophan under restricted (trial 1) and ad libitum (trial 2) feeding conditions. In trial 1, three additions of Dl-tryptophan (0·3, 0·6 and 0·9 g/kg) and two additions of L-tryptophan (0·3 and 0·6 g/kg) to a basal diet containing 0·9 g natural tryptophan per kg were tested. In trial 2, the treatments were additions of 0·4, 0·8 and 1·2 g Dl- or L-tryptophan per kg to a basal diet having 1·3 g natural tryptophan per kg. Both trials were of 6 weeks duration. In trial 1, almost equal performance was achieved with both tryptophan sources at a dietary level of 0·3 g/kg, whereas at a level of 0·6 g/kg, Dl-tryptophan produced slightly better performance in weight gain, food intake and food conversion efficiency than did L-tryptophan. In trial 2, the supplemental level of 0·4 g L-tryptophan per kg produced weight gain and food intake results which were significantly superior to those of Dl-tryptophan. However, at supplemental levels of 0·8 and 1·2 g/kg, diets with Dl-tryptophan produced somewhat better performance than did L-tryptophan. Based on the results of trial 2, it was estimated that the pig's need for total tryptophan over the weight range of 10 to 35 kg is at least 2·3 g/kg in a diet having 10·3 MJ net energy per kg.

A comparison of the feeding value of maize and sorghum for fattening pigs

1964 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. X. Vanschoubroek ◽  
R. L. Van Spaendonk ◽  
W. Nauwynck
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Sorghum Vulgare ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Fattening Pigs ◽  
Food Conversion Efficiency

Six comparable groups, each of 4 castrate pigs, were used to compare the feed value of maize and sorghum as estimated by live-weight gain, food conversion efficiency, slaughter quality and ham composition.The maize ration contained 40% yellow maize and the sorghum ration 40% Sorghum vulgare subglabrescens, all other ingredients being the same for both diets.No statistically significant differences were found between the maize and sorghum pigs with regard to the criteria mentioned.It is concluded that no difference exists between the feed value of the maize and the sorghum used. This result is in better agreement with the net energy values of maize and sorghum as calculated by the formula of Hoff-mann and digestion coefficients for pigs, than with “classical” starch equivalents.

A note on the growth and food consumption of crossbred lambs of five sire breeds

1983 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Woolliams ◽  
G. Wiener
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Ad Libitum

ABSTRACTLambs, 8 weeks of age, the offspring of sires of the Scottish Blackface, East Friesland, Finnish Landrace, Suffolk and Texel breeds mated to Scottish Blackface females as a common maternal breed were fed ad libitum on a concentrate containing barley and fish meal for 14 weeks. Live weight and food intake were measured at intervals of 2 weeks.Live-weight gain varied between sire breeds, Suffolk crosses having the greatest growth rate and the Blackface lambs the least, but there were no significant differences in their food conversion ratios. Food intakes were compared with those predicted by two methods. When the only criteria for prediction were live weight and the metabolizability of the diet the prediction was poor, whereas very accurate agreement was found when the criteria for prediction included consideration of the changes in energy efficiency with food intake and with maturity.

Influence of shearing and level of concentrates offered on the performance of lambs

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 ◽  
pp. 164-164
Author(s):  
H.J. Black ◽  
D.M.B. Chestnutt
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Food Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

It has been clearly established that shearing ewes during pregnancy increases lamb birthweight (Austin and Young, 1971; Rutter, Laird and Broadbent, 1971; Black and Chestnutt, 1990). Fewer studies have examined the response of fattening lambs to shearing although both Salman and Owen (1981) and Marai, Nowar and Bahgat (1987) noted a significant increase in growth rate. This was accompanied by an increase in voluntary food intake and consequently little change in the food conversion efficiency.The objective of these experiments was to study the influence of shearing on voluntary food intake and growth rate of fattening lambs offered various levels of concentrate feeding plus ad libitum forage.

Performance of broilers and rabbits given diets containing full fat neem (Azadirachta indica) seed meal

1994 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Salawut ◽  
S. K. Adedeji ◽  
W. H. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Food Conversion Efficiency

AbstractExperiments were carried out to establish the suitability of full fat neem seed meal (FFNSM) in broiler and growing rabbit diets. In the broiler experiment, 200-day-old (Babcock) broiler chicks were used in a 10-week trial, with the FFNSM fixed at 0 (control), 25, 50, 75 and 100 g/kg diet. In the rabbit experiment 24 rabbits of three different breeds were used in an 8-week trial, with the FFNSM fixed at 0 (control), 100, 200 and 300 g/kg diet. The criteria of response were food intake, weight gain, food conversion and protein efficiency ratio and mortality. There was a significant (P < 0·05) negative correlation between the dietary inclusion of FFNSM, weight gain and food conversion efficiency of the birds in the starter phase. In the finisher phase from 5 to 10 weeks, food intake, weight gain, food conversion and protein efficiency ratio did not differ significantly (P > 0·05) between the birds on the control diet and diets containing up to 75 g FFNSM per kg. For all the measurements, rabbits on the diet with 100 g FFNSM per kg gave better results than the control. Food intake, weight gain, food conversion efficiency and protein efficiency ratio did not differ significantly (P > 0·05) between rabbits on control diet and the diet containing 200 g FFNSM per kg. Performance on the diet with 300 g FFNSM per kg was poorest.

A comparison of entire and ovariectomized beef heifers treated with ethylestrenol

1970 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Hubard Ocariz ◽  
A. Little John ◽  
I. S. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Anabolic Steroid ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Steroid Treatment ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Food Conversion Efficiency

SUMMARYTwenty-eight Hereford cross Friesian heifer calves aged 3 months were allocated in randomized blocks to two main treatments, namely, ovariectomy (spaying), performed by flank laparotomy, and anabolic steroid oral administration (Ethylestrenol). The cattle were tied in stalls and individually fed ad libitum on a ‘barley-beef’ type cereal mixture until slaughtered weighing approximately 340 kg.Ovariectomy reduced overall rate of live-weight gain and food conversion efficiency but differences were not significant. Spayed heifers, however, grew significantly taller than entires. Although fat and bone proportions of the side were increased slightly, carcass grading and composition were not appreciably altered by ovariectomy.Steroid treatment failed to improve performance but lean content of the side was slightly increased. This failure in response may have been due to incorrect dosage.

Growth and carcass characteristics of desert goat kids and their temperate cross

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bello ◽  
S. A. Babiker
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Gut Fill ◽  
Food Conversion Efficiency

AbstractCrossbreeding of desert goat does with the temperate Saanen x Toggenburg buck was found to result in a significant increase in the daily live-weight gain and the empty body weight of their progeny slaughtered at about 30 kg live weight when compared with purebred desert goat kids (P < 0·001). Food intake did not differ between the two types of kids, but live-weight food conversion efficiency was significantly superior in crossbred kids (P < 0·05).Carcass weight and killing-out proportion tended to be greater in the crossbred kids reflecting lower weights of head, skin, internal organs and gut fill. Breed types did not differ in the weights of individual wholesale cuts. Carcass dissection revealed significantly higher muscle proportion (P < 0·05), significantly lower fat proportion (P < 0·01) and higher muscle: bone ratio in the crossbred kids.

Inter-age correlations of food conversion efficiency with body weight, growth rate and food intake within and between British breeds of cattle

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Thiessen ◽  
St C. S. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Unit Body Weight ◽  
Pelleted Diet ◽  
Food Conversion Efficiency

ABSTRACTIn a multibreed experiment 306 females from 25 British breeds of cattle were given a standard pelleted diet ad libitum. Correlations of food conversion efficiency (FCE) with body weight, weight gain, and food intake were studied over 12-week and longer periods from 12 to 72 weeks of age. Inter-age correlations of FCE with itself and the other traits were also studied over age intervals separated by 12, 24, 36 and 48 weeks. The between-breed correlations were genetic while the within-breed correlations were phenotypic.Between breeds, FCE measured over the full age range from 12 to 72 weeks appeared to be very highly correlated with FCE measured over the 12-week period between 24 and 36 weeks of age. Correlations of 12 to 72 week FCE with traits not requiring measurement of food intake were much lower, being at most 0·77 for weight gain, 0·73 for weight gain per unit body weight and 0·57 for body weight. The pattern of correlations implied that over constant age ranges the larger faster-growing breeds with high intakes tended to be more efficient; however, these correlations were generated primarily at early ages between 12 and 36 weeks and FCE at later ages could not be predicted from other traits measured at earlier ages. Nevertheless, between-breed selection to improve FCE by indirect selection on body weight and weight gain could be effective but there would appear to be no advantage in waiting beyond 1 year of age.Within breeds, correlations of 12 to 72 week FCE with FCE measured over 12-week periods increased with age from 0·24 to 0·61. Correlations of FCE with weight gain in the same 12-week periods were quite high (0·49 to 0·89) and those with weight gain per unit weight were invaribly higher (0·68 to 0·90). However, as a predictor of FCE in any subsequent period, weight gain per unit body weight was poor and weight gain of no value whatsoever. There was no strong association of FCE with body weight.

Breed and sex differences in equally mature sheep and goats 1. Growth and food intake

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Thonney ◽  
St C. S. Taylor ◽  
T. H. McClelland
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
The Body ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Size Scaling ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Fleece Weight ◽  
Mature Size ◽  
Food Conversion Efficiency

ABSTRACTGenetic size-scaling accounts for most of the variation found among mammalian species in food intake and growth rate, with food conversion efficiency independent of the body size of the species. Is the same true of breeds and strains within species?Animals from Soay, Welsh Mountain, Southdown, Finish Landrace, Jacob, Wiltshire Horn and Oxford Down sheep breeds and from a breed of feral goats were grown to 0·40, 0·52, 0·64 or 0·76 of the mean mature weight of their breed and sex. Food was offered ad libitum and individually recorded.Allometric growth coefficients were obtained for fleece weight, femur weight and femur length. Fleece was late maturing and femur early.Breed and sex size-scaling coefficients, obtained by regression of breed and sex means on mature size, were similar to those found at the species level for age from conception to slaughter, time taken to mature and food conversion efficiency. Coefficients were higher than expected for total and daily food consumption, especially at early stages of maturity. Most breed coefficients were close to expectation while sex coefficients were somewhat higher than expected.There were significant breed deviations: Welsh Mountain, Oxford Down and probably Soay sheep required less time and Jacob sheep and feral goats required more time to mature than expected from differences in mature size. Soay and Welsh Mountain sheep appeared to be more efficient and feral goats and Jacob sheep less efficient food converters over the same maturity interval.

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