Varietal differences in rumen degradation of barley, wheat and hard wheat straws

1991 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ramanzin ◽  
L. Bailoni ◽  
G. Beni
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Varietal Differences ◽  
Hard Wheat ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Cereal Species ◽  
Dry Matter Degradation

AbstractThe rumen dry-matter degradation of straw from nine varieties of barley, nine varieties of wheat and seven varieties of hard wheat was studied to provide further information on varietal differences and their relationships with agronomic characteristics.In all the cereals there were significant differences in in situ dry-matter disappearance between varieties. The range of differences was lower in hard wheat varieties compared with the other cereals. There were no significant correlations between straw degradability and plant height, days from sowing to heading and grain production and quality. Lignin concentration was significantly correlated to straw degradability (r = −0·937 in barley, −0·675 in wheat and −0·987 in hard wheat).Leaf had lower concentrations of lignin and higher degradability than stem in barley and wheat but the two fractions were similar in hard wheat straws. The differences in degradation between the most and the least degradable straw varieties of each cereal species were mainly due to differences in degradability of both the fractions whereas the role of leaf and stem proportions was of minor importance.

scholarly journals Comparison of the nutrient content and in situ degradability of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) and alfalfa hays

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 993-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Mir ◽  
Z. Mir ◽  
L. Townley-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Degradation ◽  
In Situ Degradation ◽  
Proximate And Mineral Composition

Mature fenugreek and alfalfa were harvested as hay and compared with alfalfa cut at 10% bloom on the basis of proximate and mineral composition, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and in situ degradation characteristics. IVDMD of fenugreek was 73.1%, which was the highest (P < 0.05). The dry matter degradation characteristics in the rumen of fenugreek and alfalfa cut at 10% bloom were similar. These results suggest that mature fenugreek hay was comparable in nutrient content and digestibility to early cut alfalfa. Key words: Fenugreek, alfalfa, in vitro digestibility, in situ rumen degradation, nylon bag

scholarly journals Degradación microbiana in situ de tejidos foliares de gramíneas y leguminosas y su relación con indicadores de calidad nutricional

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Diego Chamorro ◽  
Juan Evangelista Carulla ◽  
Pablo Cuesta
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Degradation ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Stylosanthes Scabra ◽  
Negative Relationships

<p>Para cuantificar la degradación <em>in situ </em>de tejidos vegetales y su relación con la composición química de especies forrajeras se seleccionaron láminas foliares de las gramíneas <em>Bouteloua repens </em>y <em>Bothriochloa pertusa </em>y foliolos de las leguminosas <em>Stylosanthes scabra</em>, <em>Desmodium barbatum </em>y <em>Tephrosia cinerea</em>. En el rumen se incuba­ron muestras de 10 mm de largo durante 0, 12, 24, 48 y 72 horas; para la lectura del área residual se digitalizaron ocho tejidos. A las 24 y 48 h de incubación <em>B. pertusa </em>presentó relaciones positivas entre la degradación de la epidermis adaxial (EA) y la FDN (R2= 90,2), entre el mesófilo y la DIVMS (R2=80,1), y entre los tejidos len­tamente degradables (TLD) y la FDA (R2= 83,9); y relaciones negativas entre EA y DIVMS (R2= –73,1), los TLD con la DEF (R2= –74,3), la EA con la PC (R2= –87,6), y el esclerenquima con la DIVMS y la PC (R2= –84,3 y R2= –90,8). Después de 72 horas de incubación las mayores áreas residuales en gramíneas fueron la estructura kranz entre 34,2% y 36,5%, el mesófilo entre 20,9% y 21,4%, el xilema de 11,5% a 17,1% y la EA entre 11,8% y 13,9%; no obstante el esclerénquima se relacionó estrechamente con indicadores de calidad nutricional. Las gramíneas obtuvieron mayores porcen­tajes de tejidos no degradables que las leguminosas; por lo tanto, la DIVMS y la DEF fueron menores. Entre las leguminosas, <em>S. scabra</em>, presentó la mayor digestibilidad de los tejidos rápidamente degradables, tanto en sequía como en lluvia; en la época seca se incrementó en 134,6% la degradación de estos tejidos. Adicionalmente, en esta especie el área residual de los taninos no presentó relación directa con la degra­dación del mesófilo. En leguminosas la tasa y extensión de la degradación de las epidermis se incrementaron marcadamente a mayor tiempo de incubación, presen­tándose diferencias entre especies, situación que no exhibieron las gramíneas. En <em>D. barbatum </em>la degradación de la EA se asoció con la DIVMS y la DEF, explicando en 77,4% y 72,95% estos porcentajes; de igual manera se reportaron relaciones negati­vas entre la degradabilidad de la epidermis y los porcentajes de FDN, FDA, lignina y taninos (R2= –0,76; R2= –0,79; R2= –0,53 y R2= –0,76, respectivamente).</p><p> </p><p><strong>Microbial <em>in situ </em>degradation of grasses and legumes leaf tissues and its realtionship with nutritional quality and precipitation</strong></p><p>A study was conducted to measure the <em>in situ </em>de- gradation of plant tissues and its relationship with forage chemical composition in leaves of the grasses <em>Bouteloua repens </em>and <em>Bothriochloa pertusa </em>and of the legumes <em>Stylosanthes scabra</em>, <em>Desmodium barbatum </em>and <em>Tephrosia cinerea</em>. Forage samples of 10 mm in length were incubated in the rumen for 0, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h and tissue residual area was determined by reading the residual area in eight digitalized leaf samples per forage. In <em>B. pertusa</em>, after 24 and 48 h of incubation there were positive relations between the degradation of adaxial epidermis (AE) and the neutral detergent fiber (NDF, R2 = 90.2), between mesophyll and in vitro dry matter degradability (IVDMD, R2 = 80,1), and between slowly degradable tissues (SDT) and the acid detergent fiber (ADF, R2 = 83.9); and negative relationships between AE and IVDMD (R2 = -73,1), between SDT and effective dry matter degradation (EDMD, R2 = -74,3), between AE and crude protein (CP, R2 = -87,6), and between sclerenchyma and IVDMD with CP (R2 = -84,3 and R2 = -90,8, respectively). After 72 h of incubation, the greater residual areas in grasses were the Kranz structure (34.2% to 36.5%), mesophyll (20.9% to 21.4%), xylem (11.5% to 17.1%) and AE (11.8% to 13.9%). The area of sclerenchyma was related close­ly to indicators of nutritional quality. Overall, the grasses had greater content of non-degradable tis­sues than the legumes; therefore, their IVDMD and EDMD were lower. Among the legumes, <em>S. scabra </em>showed the greater digestibility of rapidly degrada­ble tissues, both during the rainy and dry seasons. At the dry season, the degradation of these tissues increased by 134.6%. Additionally, in this legume, the content of tannins did not have a direct relation­ship with the degradation of mesophyll. The rate and extension of the degradation of epidermis in legumes, were noticeably increased with increasing length of incubation, existing differences between species, a situation which was not observed in the grasses. In <em>D. barbatum</em>, the degradation of the AE was positively associated with both the IVDMD and EDMD (R2 = 77,4% and 72,95%, respectively). On the other hand, the degradability of epidermis and the percentage of NDF had negative relations with ADF, lignin and tannins (R2 = -0,76; R2 = -0,79; R2 = -0,53 and R2 = -0,76, respectively).</p>

The effect of forage type and host animal diet on the in situ rumen degradation of grass silage and pea/wheat bi-crops containing different pea varieties

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 ◽  
pp. 87-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.B. Salawu ◽  
A.T. Adesogan ◽  
R.J. Dewhurst
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Host Animal ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Forage Type ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Animal Diet

Compared to grass silage, pea/wheat bi-crops produce higher dry matter (DM) yields, higher feed intakes and nitrogen (N) retention (Adesogan et al., 2000). The improved performance of animals fed bi-crops may be due to a postulated synchronous supply of readily fermentable energy and protein for ruminal microbial protein synthesis. This study attempted to validate this theory by measuring the rumen degradability of grass silages and pea/wheat bi-crop silages containing different pea varieties. To determine if grass silage-fed animals could be used to determine the degradability of bi-crops, the effect of host animal diet on rumen degradation was also examined.

Effect of adding lignosulfonate and heat to canola screenings on ruminal and intestinal disappearance of dry matter and crude protein

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina A. G. von Keyserlingk ◽  
E. Weurding ◽  
Mary Lou Swift ◽  
C. F. Wright ◽  
J. A. Shelford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Lower Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Heat Treated

The effect of adding 5% calcium lignosulfonate (LSO3) and heat to canola screenings on in situ ruminal and intestinal dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) disappearance in Holstein cows was investigated. Treatments consisted of untreated canola screenings, canola screenings that had been heated to 100 °C for 30 or 60 min and canola screenings that had 5% (wt wt−1) LSO3 added and were subsequently heated at 100 °C for 0, 30 or 60 min. Results indicate that treatment of canola screenings with 5% LSO3 and heated to 100 °C for 60 min was effective in reducing rumen degradation of DM and CP with a corresponding increase in disappearance in the lower gastrointestinal tract when compared to untreated and heat-treated canola screenings. Key words: Canola screenings, rumen by-pass protein, heat treatment, lignosulfonate

Rumen degradation of straw 1. Untreated and ammonia-treated barley, oat and wheat straw varieties and triticale straw

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Tuah ◽  
E. Lufadeju ◽  
E. R. Ørskov ◽  
G. A. Blackett
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Ammonia Treatment ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Cereal Straw ◽  
Dry Matter Loss ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Dry Matter Degradation

ABSTRACTThe dry-matter degradation of 19 varieties of barley, 14 varieties of wheat, 11 varieties of oats and one variety of triticale straws, both untreated and ammonia treated were studied using the nylon-bag technique. There were significant differences between the untreated varieties of all the types of cereal straw studied with respect to dry-matter loss (DML) values. When the barley and wheat straws were treated with ammonia, the differences between the varieties were also significant although ammonia treatment tended to improve those with lower values to a greater extent than those with higher values. There were also significant differences between the DML values of the oat straws when they were treated with ammonia but only after 48-h incubation. There was a significant negative relationship between the 48-h DML values of the untreated oat straws and the improvement in the DML values with ammonia treatment (r = −0·65; P < 0·05). Grain yield, straw length and nitrogen concentration had no significant relationship with the DML values of the untreated straws. Barley and oat straws had generally higher DML than the wheat and triticale straws.

scholarly journals Efecto de Caryodendron orinocense sobre la degradación de la materia seca

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 667
Author(s):  
Pablo Losada Aguilar ◽  
Aurora Cuesta Peralta ◽  
Juan De Jesús Vargas Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Carbohydrate Concentration ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
In Situ Conditions ◽  
Dry Matter Degradation ◽  
Animal Sciences

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro and in situ dry matter degradation by including cacay cake (Caryodendron orinocense) on a diet based on Brachiaria dictyoneura. The experiment was developed in an animal nutrition laboratory on the Animal Sciences Faculty at the Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales, Bogotá, Colombia, in July 2015. Four treatments were evaluated: B. dictyoneura, cacay cake and two mixtures of B. dictyoneura: cacay cake (80:20 and 60:40). The chemical composition and the in vitro and in situ degradability of the dry matter and the crude protein, at 48 hours were determined. The variables were analyzed through a complete randomized design with four treatments. The inclusion of cacay cake decreased the cell wall-associated with carbohydrate concentration and increased the higher digestibility nutrients; the crude protein and dry matter, in situ and in vitro degradability increased 22, 6 and 38%, respectively. In conclusion, the inclusion of cacay cake on a diet of B. dictyoneura improves dry matter degradation in vitro and in situ conditions.

scholarly journals Comparison of in vitro gas production technique with in situ nylon bag technique to estimate dry matter degradation

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 60-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kamalak ◽  
O. Canbolat ◽  
Y. Gurbuz ◽  
O. Ozay
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Production Technique ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Dry Matter Degradation

Dry matter (DM) degradation of wheat straw (WS), barley straw (BS), lucerne hay (LH) and maize silage (MS) was determined using two different techniques: (i) in vitro gas production and (ii) nylon bag degradability technique. In vitro gas production and in situ DM disappearance were measured after 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours of incubation. In situ and in vitro DM degradation kinetics was described using the equation y = a + b (1 &ndash; e<sup>ct</sup>). In all incubations there were significant (P &lt; 0.001) correlations between gas production and in situ DM disappearance or estimated parameters ((a + b)<sub>ga</sub><sub>s</sub> and (a + b)<sub>is</sub> or (a + b)<sub>gas</sub> and EDMD<sub>is</sub>) whereas there were no significant (P &gt; 0.05) correlations between c<sub>gas</sub> and c<sub>is</sub> or b<sub>gas</sub> and b<sub>is</sub>. Gas production from the insoluble fraction (b) alone explained 98.3% of the variation of EDMD. The inclusion of gas production from the quickly soluble fraction (a) and rate constant (c) of gas production in the regression equation improved the accuracy of EDMD prediction. The correlations between the results of both methodologies seem to be sufficiently strong to predict degradability parameters from gas production parameters. It was concluded that the in vitro gas production technique has good potentiality to predict in situ DM disappearance and some DM degradation parameters. &nbsp; &nbsp;

Comparison of in situ and in vitro gas production techniques to estimate rumen degradation characteristics of forages

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 247-248
Author(s):  
S. López ◽  
M. D. Carro ◽  
C. Valdés ◽  
J. S. González ◽  
F. J. Ovejero
Keyword(s):  
Gas Production ◽  
Degradation Kinetic ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Dry Matter Degradation ◽  
Production Techniques ◽  
Kinetics Of

Quantitative expressions of the kinetics of digestion are needed to estimate more precisely the quantity and composition of nutrients digested from feeds and their subsequent efficiency of utilization by the animal (Mertens, 1993). Degradation kinetic parameters are estimated by fitting appropriate models to data resulting from the measurement of either the undigested residue or the fermentation end-products after exposure of the feed to digestion. Kinetic data can be collected using either in vitro or in situ procedures. The in situ porous synthetic fibre bag technique has been extensively used to describe the kinetics of feeds degradation in the rumen. Several in vitro gas production methods have been developed to assess fermentation kinetics. The aim of this work was to study the relationship between rumen degradation parameters of forages determined either by the in situ procedure or by the gas production technique and to evaluate the potential of gas production measurements to assess the extent of dry matter degradation in the rumen.

scholarly journals 55 The influence of kudzu (Pueraria montana var. lobata) age on in situ rumen degradation

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 85-85
Author(s):  
Joseph Gulizia ◽  
Kevin Downs ◽  
Song Cui
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Time ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Pueraria Montana

Abstract Early and late season kudzu (Pueraria montana var. lobata) leaves were collected to analyze dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in situ rumen disappearance to assess kudzu quality. Four studies were conducted during different growing seasons [2 repeated early season (ES); 2 repeated late season (LS) to determine age variability effects. Kudzu collected from 7 middle Tennessee counties were incubated in the rumen for designated lengths of time (0.25, 1, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h) to determine total rumen degradation (%) and rate of disappearance (% / h). Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with repeated measures. Regression analysis was used to determine degradation rate. Overall season effects (across incubation times) for dry matter disappearance (DMD) were significantly different (P < 0.0001). Significant season by incubation time interactions were exhibited for total DMD at 12 (P < 0.0001), 24 (P = 0.0004), 36 (P = 0.0055), 48 (P = 0.0209), and 72 h (P = 0.0384) incubation, with an average rumen degradability of ES kudzu being 9.75% higher than LS between 12 and 72 h. Slope regression between 1 and 24 h determined a rumen degradation rate of 2.41% / h across both seasons, with no significant seasonal difference (P = 0.3396). These results are indicative that ES kudzu is more highly rumen degradable than LS, as evidenced by the significant season by incubation time interactions between 12 and 72 h of incubation. Although there are significant seasonal effects on kudzu DMD during certain incubation times, DMD overall for ES and LS is still indicative of high rumen degradability with an average of 81.45% at 72 h across both seasons. Season effects were minimal for NDF, ADF, and CP rumen disappearance.

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