scholarly journals Efecto de Caryodendron orinocense sobre la degradación de la materia seca

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 667
Author(s):  
Pablo Losada Aguilar ◽  
Aurora Cuesta Peralta ◽  
Juan De Jesús Vargas Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Carbohydrate Concentration ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
In Situ Conditions ◽  
Dry Matter Degradation ◽  
Animal Sciences

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro and in situ dry matter degradation by including cacay cake (Caryodendron orinocense) on a diet based on Brachiaria dictyoneura. The experiment was developed in an animal nutrition laboratory on the Animal Sciences Faculty at the Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales, Bogotá, Colombia, in July 2015. Four treatments were evaluated: B. dictyoneura, cacay cake and two mixtures of B. dictyoneura: cacay cake (80:20 and 60:40). The chemical composition and the in vitro and in situ degradability of the dry matter and the crude protein, at 48 hours were determined. The variables were analyzed through a complete randomized design with four treatments. The inclusion of cacay cake decreased the cell wall-associated with carbohydrate concentration and increased the higher digestibility nutrients; the crude protein and dry matter, in situ and in vitro degradability increased 22, 6 and 38%, respectively. In conclusion, the inclusion of cacay cake on a diet of B. dictyoneura improves dry matter degradation in vitro and in situ conditions.

scholarly journals Tropical Legumes Preserved in Silage and Hay Form and Its Nutritional Values in Laboratory Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 264
Author(s):  
Fabio Seiji dos Santos ◽  
Alexandre Menezes Dias ◽  
Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo ◽  
Ulysses Cecato ◽  
Andressa Faccenda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Value Analysis ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Tropical Legumes

This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional value of legumes leucaena and desmodium preserved in hay and silage form. We used a completely randomized design in a 2x2 factorial arrangement with two bulky conservation methods (hay and silage) and two legumes (leucaena and desmodium). For the bulky characterization was determined chemical composition and total digestible nutrients (TDN). For assessing the nutritional value, analysis of in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and cell wall digestibility (IVCWD), and in situ effective degradability of dry matter (EDDM) and crude protein (EDCP) were performed. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test at 5% probability. Due to the characteristics of each specie leucaena presented a higher crude protein (CP) and TDN content compared to desmodium and lower fibrous fractions. The IVDMD presented interaction between the conservation form and forage (P<0.05), where leucaena hay was higher than the others treatments. The IVCWD also presented interaction (P<0.05), and the best values were obtained for leucaena silage. EDDM was superior in leucaena compared to desmodium (P<0.05). Regarding the method of preservation, the EDDM was higher in hay compared to silage. For the EDCP there was an interaction between conservation method and forage, where leucaena silage and hay were similar (P<0.05), but higher than other treatments. Thus, leucaena has a nutritional value higher than desmodium and the conservation of legumes in the hay form presented a higher nutritional value to the conserved as silage.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Nutrient Composition, In Vitro Fermentation Characteristics, and In Situ Degradability of Amaranthus caudatus, Amaranthus cruentus, and Amaranthus hypochondriacus in Cattle

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Kim Margarette C. Nogoy ◽  
Jia Yu ◽  
Young Gyu Song ◽  
Shida Li ◽  
Jong-Wook Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Amaranthus Cruentus ◽  
Amaranthus Caudatus ◽  
Amaranthus Hypochondriacus

The amaranth plants showed high potential feed value as forage for ruminants. An in-depth study of this plant, particularly in cattle, will help extend its utilization as an alternative protein and fiber feed source in cattle feeding. In this study, the nutrient compositions of three different species of amaranth, Amaranthus caudatus L., Amaranthus cruentus L., and Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.—two varieties for each species, A.ca 74, A.ca 91, A.cu 62, A.cu 66, A. hy 30, and A. hy 48—were evaluated. The in vitro technique was used to evaluate the fermentation characteristics such as total gas production, total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration, pH, and ammonia concentration of the rumen fluid. Moreover, the effective degradabilities of dry matter (EDDM) and crude protein (EDCP) of the amaranth forages were determined through in situ bag technique. The amaranth forages: A. caudatus, A. cruentus, and A. hypochondriacus showed better nutritive value than the locally produced forages in Chungcheong province of Korea. The CP of the amaranth ranged from 11.95% to 14.19%, and the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents ranged from 45.53% to 70.88% and 34.17% to 49.83%, respectively. Among the amaranth varieties, A. hypochondriacus 48 showed the most excellent ruminant feed nutrient quality (CP, 14.19%; NDF, 45.53%; and ADF, 34.17%). The effective degradabilities of dry matter (EDDM; 33–56%) and crude protein EDCP (27–59%) of the amaranth were lower compared to other studies, which could be due to the maturity stage at which the forages were harvested. Nonetheless, A. hypochondriacus 48 showed the highest EDDM (56.73%) and EDCP (59.09%). The different amaranth species did not differ greatly in terms of total VFA concentration or molar proportions, total gas production, or ammonia-N concentration. The high nutrient composition, and highly effective degradability of dry matter and crude protein, coupled with the favorable fermentation characteristics, suggest that the amaranth forages showed good to excellent feed quality for cattle.

scholarly journals Degradación microbiana in situ de tejidos foliares de gramíneas y leguminosas y su relación con indicadores de calidad nutricional

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Diego Chamorro ◽  
Juan Evangelista Carulla ◽  
Pablo Cuesta
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Degradation ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Stylosanthes Scabra ◽  
Negative Relationships

<p>Para cuantificar la degradación <em>in situ </em>de tejidos vegetales y su relación con la composición química de especies forrajeras se seleccionaron láminas foliares de las gramíneas <em>Bouteloua repens </em>y <em>Bothriochloa pertusa </em>y foliolos de las leguminosas <em>Stylosanthes scabra</em>, <em>Desmodium barbatum </em>y <em>Tephrosia cinerea</em>. En el rumen se incuba­ron muestras de 10 mm de largo durante 0, 12, 24, 48 y 72 horas; para la lectura del área residual se digitalizaron ocho tejidos. A las 24 y 48 h de incubación <em>B. pertusa </em>presentó relaciones positivas entre la degradación de la epidermis adaxial (EA) y la FDN (R2= 90,2), entre el mesófilo y la DIVMS (R2=80,1), y entre los tejidos len­tamente degradables (TLD) y la FDA (R2= 83,9); y relaciones negativas entre EA y DIVMS (R2= –73,1), los TLD con la DEF (R2= –74,3), la EA con la PC (R2= –87,6), y el esclerenquima con la DIVMS y la PC (R2= –84,3 y R2= –90,8). Después de 72 horas de incubación las mayores áreas residuales en gramíneas fueron la estructura kranz entre 34,2% y 36,5%, el mesófilo entre 20,9% y 21,4%, el xilema de 11,5% a 17,1% y la EA entre 11,8% y 13,9%; no obstante el esclerénquima se relacionó estrechamente con indicadores de calidad nutricional. Las gramíneas obtuvieron mayores porcen­tajes de tejidos no degradables que las leguminosas; por lo tanto, la DIVMS y la DEF fueron menores. Entre las leguminosas, <em>S. scabra</em>, presentó la mayor digestibilidad de los tejidos rápidamente degradables, tanto en sequía como en lluvia; en la época seca se incrementó en 134,6% la degradación de estos tejidos. Adicionalmente, en esta especie el área residual de los taninos no presentó relación directa con la degra­dación del mesófilo. En leguminosas la tasa y extensión de la degradación de las epidermis se incrementaron marcadamente a mayor tiempo de incubación, presen­tándose diferencias entre especies, situación que no exhibieron las gramíneas. En <em>D. barbatum </em>la degradación de la EA se asoció con la DIVMS y la DEF, explicando en 77,4% y 72,95% estos porcentajes; de igual manera se reportaron relaciones negati­vas entre la degradabilidad de la epidermis y los porcentajes de FDN, FDA, lignina y taninos (R2= –0,76; R2= –0,79; R2= –0,53 y R2= –0,76, respectivamente).</p><p> </p><p><strong>Microbial <em>in situ </em>degradation of grasses and legumes leaf tissues and its realtionship with nutritional quality and precipitation</strong></p><p>A study was conducted to measure the <em>in situ </em>de- gradation of plant tissues and its relationship with forage chemical composition in leaves of the grasses <em>Bouteloua repens </em>and <em>Bothriochloa pertusa </em>and of the legumes <em>Stylosanthes scabra</em>, <em>Desmodium barbatum </em>and <em>Tephrosia cinerea</em>. Forage samples of 10 mm in length were incubated in the rumen for 0, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h and tissue residual area was determined by reading the residual area in eight digitalized leaf samples per forage. In <em>B. pertusa</em>, after 24 and 48 h of incubation there were positive relations between the degradation of adaxial epidermis (AE) and the neutral detergent fiber (NDF, R2 = 90.2), between mesophyll and in vitro dry matter degradability (IVDMD, R2 = 80,1), and between slowly degradable tissues (SDT) and the acid detergent fiber (ADF, R2 = 83.9); and negative relationships between AE and IVDMD (R2 = -73,1), between SDT and effective dry matter degradation (EDMD, R2 = -74,3), between AE and crude protein (CP, R2 = -87,6), and between sclerenchyma and IVDMD with CP (R2 = -84,3 and R2 = -90,8, respectively). After 72 h of incubation, the greater residual areas in grasses were the Kranz structure (34.2% to 36.5%), mesophyll (20.9% to 21.4%), xylem (11.5% to 17.1%) and AE (11.8% to 13.9%). The area of sclerenchyma was related close­ly to indicators of nutritional quality. Overall, the grasses had greater content of non-degradable tis­sues than the legumes; therefore, their IVDMD and EDMD were lower. Among the legumes, <em>S. scabra </em>showed the greater digestibility of rapidly degrada­ble tissues, both during the rainy and dry seasons. At the dry season, the degradation of these tissues increased by 134.6%. Additionally, in this legume, the content of tannins did not have a direct relation­ship with the degradation of mesophyll. The rate and extension of the degradation of epidermis in legumes, were noticeably increased with increasing length of incubation, existing differences between species, a situation which was not observed in the grasses. In <em>D. barbatum</em>, the degradation of the AE was positively associated with both the IVDMD and EDMD (R2 = 77,4% and 72,95%, respectively). On the other hand, the degradability of epidermis and the percentage of NDF had negative relations with ADF, lignin and tannins (R2 = -0,76; R2 = -0,79; R2 = -0,53 and R2 = -0,76, respectively).</p>

scholarly journals Pemberian Kulit Biji Kopi dalam Ransum Sapi Aceh Terhadap Kecernaan secara In Vitro

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
Yunasri Usman ◽  
M. Nur Husin ◽  
Riantia Ratni
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Coffee Beans ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The supplementation peel coffee beans in the ration Aceh cattle on in vitro digestibilityABSTRACT. This research was carried out at the Laboratory of  Feed and Animal Nutrition,  Department of Animal Husbandry Faculty of Agriculture Syiah Kuala University for  73 days from December 26, 2011 to March 7, 2012. The purpose of this experiment was to find out the effects of the coffee peeling on in vitro digestibility of Aceh beef cattle. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was applied in this experiment consisting of 4 treatments  namely levels of  coffee peeling on basal diet   (R0=0%, R1=10%, R2=20%, R3=30%). Each treatment consists of 5 replications. Parameters observed in this research were dry and organic matter digestibility. The results showed that dry matter digestibility was not significantly different (P0,05)amongst treatments  54,42%, 49,32%, 45,97%, 42,08%) for R0, R1, R2 and R3 respectively.  On the other hand, organic metter digestibility was significantly different (P0,05) in which R2 treatment was the highest and R0 treatment was the lowest (54,59%).

scholarly journals EVALUASI KECERNAAN BAHAN KERING, BAHAN ORGANIK, DAN PROTEIN KASAR TONGKOL JAGUNG FERMENTASI DENGAN PENAMBAHAN SUMBER KARBOHIDRAT YANG BERBEDA SECARA IN - VITRO

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Tri Astuti
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Tapioca Flour ◽  
Different Sources

This research aimed to study effect of Corn cob fermentation using Panerochaeta chrysosporium with adding the different sources of carbohydrat on the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein by in-vitro methode. A Completely Randomized Design  with 4 treatments and  4 replications. The treatments  were : P0 = fermented corncobs + without carbohydrt, P1 = fermented corncobs + 10% rice bran; P2 = fermented corncobs + tapioca flour 10%; P3 = corncob fermented + molasses 10%. The results of this study shown a very significant affected  (P <0.01) on the digestible of dry matter and organic matter but no affected (P> 0.05) on crude protein digestibility. The best results  digestibility of dry matter (66.98%) on the  P3 treatment adding  molasses, and  the highest digestibility of organic matter (67.49%) on the P3 treatment too, but the highest digestibility of  crude protein (51.37%)  in P1 treatment (adding by rice bran)

scholarly journals Comparison of in vitro gas production technique with in situ nylon bag technique to estimate dry matter degradation

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 60-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kamalak ◽  
O. Canbolat ◽  
Y. Gurbuz ◽  
O. Ozay
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Production Technique ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Dry Matter Degradation

Dry matter (DM) degradation of wheat straw (WS), barley straw (BS), lucerne hay (LH) and maize silage (MS) was determined using two different techniques: (i) in vitro gas production and (ii) nylon bag degradability technique. In vitro gas production and in situ DM disappearance were measured after 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours of incubation. In situ and in vitro DM degradation kinetics was described using the equation y = a + b (1 &ndash; e<sup>ct</sup>). In all incubations there were significant (P &lt; 0.001) correlations between gas production and in situ DM disappearance or estimated parameters ((a + b)<sub>ga</sub><sub>s</sub> and (a + b)<sub>is</sub> or (a + b)<sub>gas</sub> and EDMD<sub>is</sub>) whereas there were no significant (P &gt; 0.05) correlations between c<sub>gas</sub> and c<sub>is</sub> or b<sub>gas</sub> and b<sub>is</sub>. Gas production from the insoluble fraction (b) alone explained 98.3% of the variation of EDMD. The inclusion of gas production from the quickly soluble fraction (a) and rate constant (c) of gas production in the regression equation improved the accuracy of EDMD prediction. The correlations between the results of both methodologies seem to be sufficiently strong to predict degradability parameters from gas production parameters. It was concluded that the in vitro gas production technique has good potentiality to predict in situ DM disappearance and some DM degradation parameters. &nbsp; &nbsp;

scholarly journals Chemical composition and fermentation characteristics of elephant grass silage with biodiesel industry co-products

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 718-723
Author(s):  
Eric Haydt Castello Branco van Cleef ◽  
José Cleto da Silva Filho ◽  
Arnaldo Prata Neiva Júnior ◽  
René Maurício Patiño Pardo ◽  
Aníbal Coutinho do Rêgo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Physic Nut ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
Nitrogen Contents

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of three concentrations (3, 6, and 9%) of forage turnip (Raphanus sativus) and physic nut (Jatropha curcas) cakes on dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, lignin, acid detergent insoluble nitrogen neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen contents, in vitro dry matter digestibility, pH values and concentrations of N-NH3 in elephant grass silages. It was used an entirely randomized design in factorial arrangement [(2×3)+1]. Experimental PVC silos were used and ensiled material was kept for 62 days. The addition of cakes increased the dry matter contents (P<0.05). The fibrous fractions were reduced (P<0.05) with the inclusion of cakes during the grass ensilage and the CP contents increased (P<0.05). The forage turnip cake provided the same pH and N-NH3 values in ideal levels and the physic nut, added to 9%, increased those values (P<0.05). IVDMD was reduced (P<0.05) when the cakes were added. These co-products can be used in small amounts for elephant grass ensilage in order to provide improvement in chemical and fermentation characteristics of the silages. Nevertheless, physic nut cake shows limitations for its use in animal feeding due to the presence of toxic compounds, making necessary studies for their identification and elimination.

Evaluasi Nilai Nutrisi dan Karakteristik Complete Feed Berbahan Dasar Ampas Sagu dengan Teknik Fermentasi Berbeda

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rivaldi Fadhlul Lizar ◽  
Samadi Samadi ◽  
Mira Delima
Keyword(s):  
Physical Characteristic ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Nutritive Values ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
By Products ◽  
Banda Aceh

Abstrak. Penggunaan bahan pakan yang berasal dari limbah pertanian dan industri pertanian merupakan salah satu usaha untuk menekan biaya pakan. Penelitian tentang nilai nutrisi dan karakteristik fisik Complete feed berbahan dasar ampas sagu dengan teknik berbeda telah dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan Universitas Syiah Kuala Darussalam Banda Aceh. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 pelakuan dan masing-masing perlakuan terdiri atas 5 ulangan. Perlakuan dalam penelitian ini adalah P1 kontrol (Complete feed tanpa penambahan SBP dan tanpa fermentasi), P2 (ampas sagu difermentasi dengan SBP selama 14 hari kemudian dicampur menjadi Complete feed dan difermentasi hingga 21 hari), dan P3 (ampas sagu + Complete feed kemudian difermentasi menggunakan SBP selama 21 hari). Parameter yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah kandungan bahan kering, serat kasar, protein kasar, lemak kasar, abu, BETN, serta karakteristik fisik pakan berupa tekstur, warna dan bau. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa teknik fermentasi mempengaruhi nilai nutrisi dan karakteristik fisik Complete feed berbahan dasar ampas sagu.  Evaluation of nutritive Values and Physical Charakteristics Complete Feed Based on Sago Residues by Application Different Technique FermentationAbstract. Utilization of feed coming from agricultural and agro-industrial by products is one of the efforts to reduce feed cost. The study about evaluation of nutritive values and physical characteristics complete feed based on sago residues by application different technique fermentations was conducted at Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Syiah Kuala University, Darussalam, Banda Aceh. The experiment was designed by using completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 3 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments in this study were P1 as control (complete feed without fermentation), P2 (first sago residue was fermented for 14 days, then mixed with complete feed and fermented for 21 days), P3 (sago residue and complete feed were mixed and fermented for 21 days). Parameters observed in this study were dry matter, crude fiber, crude protein, crude fat, ash and N-free extract. In conclusion, different of technique fermentation influenced nutritive values and physical characteristic of fermented complete feed on the basis of sago residues.

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