The relationship between heterozygosity and heterosis in reproductive traits in mice

1980 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia McGloughlin
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Positive Linear Relationship ◽  
Livestock Breeding ◽  
Distinct Strain ◽  
Outbred Mice ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTContinuous reciprocal backcrossing results in individuals which are 67% heterozygous, and which, assuming a linear relationship between heterozygosity and heterosis, would be expected to exhibit 67% of the heterosis found in Fi hybrids. An experiment was undertaken to investigate this relationship in the reproductive traits of mice. By crossing and repeated backcrossing in both directions using two unrelated strains of outbred mice, females were produced which were 25, 50, 75 and 100% heterozygous. The crossbred females and the two purebred strains (922 females in all) were mated to a sire line of a genetically distinct strain to standardize foetal heterosis. The reproductive performance of females with different percentage heterozygosity gave estimates of maternal heterosis. A significant positive linear relationship was found between heterozy-gosity and heterosis in litter size, total weight of litter and individual weight of progeny both at birth and at weaning. The relevance of these results for livestock breeding is discussed.

scholarly journals Examination of the Relation between Strategic Leadership Expectations and Organizational Justice: A Research on Health Sector

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Ayhan Yalçınsoy ◽  
Cenk Aksoy
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Organizational Justice ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Research Data ◽  
T Test ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Strategic Leadership ◽  
Positive Linear Relationship ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between strategic leadership and organizational justice within the healthcare sector. In the context of the study, the introduced model was tested by a questionnaire instrument with 41 items excluding demographic variables. A total of 320 completed questionnaires were used for analysis. Correlation, regression, T test and Anova analyzes were applied to the research data that obtained by the questionnaire. The study focused on the employees of hospitals in the Diyarbakir province of Turkey. The results suggest that there is a very strong positive linear relationship between strategic leadership and organizational justice variables. The result of the study is consistent with the results of previous research. Also, some disparities were observed among the demographic variables of the study.

Using blup to estimate responses est a sheep flock selected for litter size

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 ◽  
pp. 105-105
Author(s):  
G.E. Pollott
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Sheep Flock ◽  
Sheep Population ◽  
Important Contributor ◽  
Selection Experiments ◽  
Genetic Trends

The reproductive performance of ewes is an important contributor to flock profitability in many different situations. Although the heritability of reproductive traits is low there is often enough phenotypic variance to make a consideration of selection a possibility for improvement in litter size. Genetic trends in selection experiments have traditionally been monitored using a control flock which should be kept as an unseletced group. The recent availability of user friedly BLUP programs have added an extra method for estimating genetic trends. This paper reports the use of BLUP to estimate the genetic trends in a sheep population selected for litter size.

scholarly journals Effects of BF Gene Polymorphism on the Reproductive Performance of Hybrid Polish Landrace X Polish Large White Sows

2016 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-131
Author(s):  
Dorota Napierała ◽  
Maria Kawęcka ◽  
Eugenia Jacyno ◽  
Beata Matysiak ◽  
Anita Kołodziej-Skalska
Keyword(s):  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Large White ◽  
Potential Relationship ◽  
Pcr Rflp

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the potential relationship between variants of the BF gene and litter size in Polish Landrace x Polish Large White sows. To identify polymorphism within the BF gene, the PCR-RFLP method was applied, using specific primers and the SmaI enzyme. The researchers identified the presence of two alleles, T and C, with frequencies: 0.68 and 0.32, giving three genotypes with frequencies: 0.49, 0.37 and 0.14, respectively for TT, TC and CC. Analysis of relationships between the various genotypes of the BF gene and selected reproductive traits showed significant differences. Sows with TT genotype in the BF locus, gave birth to significantly more live piglets in the first litter (10.24) compared with sows with the CC genotype (7.13).

INTRA-ABDOMINAL PRESSURE

Neurosurgery ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Sahuquillo ◽  
Fuat Arikan ◽  
Maria A. Poca ◽  
Montserrat Noguer ◽  
Francisco Martinez-Ricarte
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Abdominal Pressure ◽  
Distal Catheter ◽  
Positive Linear Relationship ◽  
Positive Linear Correlation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract OBJECTIVE In the selection of a ventriculoperitoneal cerebrospinal fluid shunt, the intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) is traditionally neglected as a result of the idea that its value is close to 0 mmHg. Our aim was to explore the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and IAP with the goal of providing clinically relevant data that could help neurosurgeons to estimate IAP and select the appropriate shunt for patients with hydrocephalus and especially those with normal-pressure hydrocephalus syndrome. METHODS Sixty patients requiring the placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt were included in the study. We determined weight, BMI, and IAP. IAP was measured through an intraperitoneal catheter during the shunt surgery. To determine whether a linear relationship existed between quantitative variables, linear regression analysis was used. RESULTS BMI was 28.1 ± 4.8 kg/m2. Eighteen patients (30%) had normal weight, 21 (35%) were moderately overweight, and 21 (35%) were obese. IAP was related to patient BMI. A significant positive linear correlation was identified between BMI and IAP (r = 0.52; P = 0.018) with a slope of 0.31 (P < 0.001) and an intercept of −5.5. CONCLUSION In our study, we determined that IAP had a strong positive linear relationship with BMI. This correlation was independent of sex. An IAP of 0 mmHg can, therefore, only be assumed for patients with a normal BMI who are recumbent. In obese or overweight patients, neurosurgeons should take IAP into account when selecting both the most adequate differential pressure valve to be implanted and in which distal cavity to place the distal catheter to avoid shunt underdrainage induced by high IAP.

Relationships between pre-slaughter rump flatness of Nelore cows and subsequent measures of carcass fatness

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 1382
Author(s):  
Luiz F. M. Pfeifer ◽  
Paulo M. A. Neves
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Positive Linear Relationship ◽  
Internal Angle ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
The Relationship

This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the internal angle of the rump (IAR), as a measure of rump fatness, and both the visual degree of finishing (VDF) and the subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) of Nelore cows. In this study, 836 Nelore cows were examined. The IAR of all live cows was measured using a goniometer, and then the VDF of all carcasses was evaluated. Additionally, the SFT of a subset of carcasses (n = 225) was measured. Carcasses were divided into three groups based on the VDF, as follows: Inadequate VDF (I) for carcasses with a degree of finishing of 1 and 2; Adequate VDF (A) for carcasses with a degree of finishing of 3 and 4; and Excessive VDF (E) for carcasses with a degree of finishing of 5. There was a positive linear relationship between VDF and IAR (y = 98.29 + 5.78 × x; R 2 = 0.53; P < 0.001) and between VDF and SFT (y = 0.26 + 0.51× x; R 2 = 0.51; P < 0.001). Cows classified as having an Excessive degree of fatness according to the Inadequate – Adequate – Excessive (IAE) scale had higher IAR and SFT than cows classified as Inadequate or Adequate (P < 0.001). Similarly, cows classified as Adequate had higher IAR and SFT than cows classified as Inadequate (P < 0.001). These results demonstrate that the measure of IAR of a live Nelore cow can provide a good indication of the level of fatness of its carcass.

Studies in sow reproduction. 2. The effect of lactation length on the subsequent reproductive performance of the sow

1975 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. A. Cole ◽  
M. A. Varley ◽  
P. E. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Large White ◽  
Lactation Length ◽  
Average Litter Size ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sow Reproduction

SUMMARYForty litters were weaned from their Landrace × Landrace × Large White dams at 2-day intervals to give a range of lactation lengths from 4 to 42 days. A significant (P<0·001) negative curvilinear relationship was observed between lactation length and the interval from weaning to first oestrus. This period was increased by 4·2 days with the reduction of lactation from 42 to 4 days. The relationship between lactation length and the interval from farrowing to remating was significant (P<0·001) and positively linear over the whole range of observations. A decrease of 1 day in lactation length reduced this interval by 0·91 days. Very short lactations were associated with reduced litter size at the following farrowing; sows weaned after lactation lengths between 4 and 21 days had an average litter size of 9–6 piglets born per litter in the next parity, whereas sows weaned following lactation lengths between 21 and 42 days had an average of 12·7 piglets born in the next parity (P<0·01).

FACTORS INFLUENCING KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN THE COMMERCIAL BANKS IN KENYA

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Daniel Kamau ◽  
Gabriel Kamau
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
P Value ◽  
Positive Linear Relationship ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Knowledge Management Practices ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: The study sought to determine factors influencing knowledge management practices in the commercial banks in KenyaMethodology: The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The population of 44 commercial banks was identified. A sample of 17 banks was chosen using random sampling. A stratified approach was used to select respondents and a total of 85 respondents were surveyed from five departments in each of the 17 banks. Quantitative statistical techniques were used during the analysis to describe and analyze data. The results of the analysis were presented and interpreted in the form of descriptive statistics, as well as inferential statistics.Results: Regression result indicated that there exists a positive linear relationship between organizational Culture and Knowledge Management practices.   Results indicate that there exists a positive linear relationship between organizational structure and Knowledge Management practices.  This is evidenced by an odds ratio of 28.988.  The relationship is significant as shown by a p value of 0.0113.Results indicated that there was a positive and significant correlation of 0.759 between Information technology and Knowledge management practices. Results indicate that there exists a positive linear relationship between Organization Leadership and Knowledge Management Practices.  This is evidenced by a regression coefficient of 125.198.  The relationship is significant as shown by a p value of 0.0058.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends that commercial banks in Kenya should continue investing in leadership as doing so would improve their knowledge management practices. In addition, commercial banks should adopt more flexible structures that support knowledge acquisition, dissemination and storage.   The study advocates that the cultural orientation of the organizations should be such that it supports the perception of knowledge management practices. Furthermore, commercial banks should continue investing in Information technology as doing so would improve the knowledge management practices.

scholarly journals Prediction of carcass tissue composition of F1 crossbred goats finished on native pasture

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-189
Author(s):  
Rayana de Medeiros Silva ◽  
José Morais Pereira Filho ◽  
Aderbal Marcos de Azevêdo Silva ◽  
Marcílio Fontes Cezar ◽  
Anderson Luiz Nascimento da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Tissue Composition ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Positive Linear Relationship ◽  
Physical Composition ◽  
Native Pasture ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
The Relationship

The objective of this study was to estimate tissue composition of the carcass from physical composition of commercial cuts of F1 crossbred goats (Boer with females of non-defined racial standard) finished on native pasture with four levels of supplementation with concentrate (0.0; 0.5; 1.0 and 1.5% of BW in dry matter). It was used 24 non-castrated animals at initial body weight of 15.52 kg and at 120 days of age. The carcass was sectioned in the half, and from the lefthalf carcass, the following cuts were detached: leg, loin, ribs, shoulder and neck, which were dissected in muscle, bone and fat. Carcass weight and yield were predicted from the weight and yield of tissues in the commercial cuts by regression analysis. All the cuts can be used to predict muscle and fat weight in the carcass. For the muscle, the relationship was linear and positive in the cuts leg, ribs, shoulder and neck, and cubic in the loin; for all the cuts, fat kept a linear relationship with the carcass. Muscle and fat yield of all the commercial cuts showed a positive linear relationship with carcass yield, except for rib fat, for which a cubic relationship was found. Considering all the results obtained and using the relationship with the highest determination coefficient, the ribs were the cut that provided the best estimate of the carcass muscle and fat yields of F1 crossbred goats (Boer with females of non-defined racial standard) finished on native pasture.

Reproductive performance and genetic parameters for Australian Dorset Sheep

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 427 ◽  
Author(s):  
LD Brash ◽  
NM Fogarty ◽  
AR Gilmour
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Reproduction Traits ◽  
Component Traits ◽  
Lamb Survival

Reproductive performance of ewes in a large Dorset stud flock is reported. The data included 2488 ewes with 10016 joining records over 25 years. Average performance for reproductive traits were: fertility 92%, litter size 1.31, neonatal lamb survival 91%, lamb survival to weaning 85%, with overall lambs born 1.20 and lambs weaned 1.02 per ewe joined. Differences between breeds (Poll Dorset and Dorset Horn), season of birth (spring and autumn) and season of joining (spring and autumn) were significant for most reproduction traits. Linear and quadratic regressions for age of ewe at joining were highly significant for all traits (P < 0.001) with maximum performance between three and six years of age. Estimates of heritability for ewe reproductive traits were: 0.062 � 0-02 for number of lambs born and 0.04 � 0.01 for number of lambs weaned per ewe joined, and component traits, 0.02 �0 -01 for fertility, 0 08 � 0 -02 for litter size and 0.00 � 0.01 for lamb survival. Estimates of repeatability were less than 0.14 for all the reproduction traits, which resulted in substantially higher predicted heritabilities when repeated records were used. Heritability estimates for average ewe lifetime performance, with approximately four records, were 0.08 � 0 06 for lambs born, 0.12 � 0.05 for lambs weaned, 0.08 � 0.04 for fertility, 0.l9 � 0 -04 for litter size and zero for lamb survival. The genetic correlations between litter size and lambs born and weaned were close to unity, whereas those for fertility were lower and declined from lambs born (0.6l � 0.22) to lambs weaned (0-45 � 0.30). The estimated heritability for ewe longevity, defined as the number of years the ewe remained in the breeding flock, was 0.00 � 0.03. The potential for genetic improvement in reproductive rate is discussed in relation to other reports in the literature and in the context of the roles of the Dorset breed in the Australian lamb industry. Increased reproductive rate in Dorset flocks impacts on stud profitability and the rate of genetic improvement from selection for other traits such as liveweight. The parameter estimates derived will be used in compiling breed-specific parameter sets for genetic evaluation in LAMBPLAN.

Sex Differences in Relation of Locus of Control and Reported Anxiety

1981 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 971-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alphons J. Richert
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Positive Linear Relationship ◽  
Data Support ◽  
The Relationship

The present data suggest sex differences (27 men, 19 women; 18.5 and 17.8 yr. old on average) in the relationship between externality of locus of control and reported anxiety. A positive linear relationship was found between these variables in different situations for men and women and between externality and different expressions of anxiety for each sex. The data support an interaction of values and expectancy in anxiety.

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