The effect of age and live-weight on the feed intake of grazing wether sheep

1965 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hadjipieris ◽  
G. W. Jones ◽  
W. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Faecal Nitrogen ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Clover Pasture

SUMMARY1. Estimates of the voluntary feed intake of three age groups of wether sheep on ryegrass and white clover pasture from July to October, 1962, were made by total collection of faeces and the use of local faecal nitrogen-digestibility regressions.2. Average faecal output and intake of digestible organic matter (DOM) increased with age of the sheep. However, relative to body weight (W) or to W073, the aged sheep (5 years old), which did not change much in weight over the period, consumed only about two-thirds of the DOM consumed by the younger (sixteen- and four-month-old) growing sheep.3. For the growing sheep intake was directly related to weight. Intake was calculated to be 24 W (kg.)–28 ±108 g. DOM per day.4. The results are discussed in relation to the errors in estimation of digestibility. Comparison of the intake estimates with other published data suggests there was a high apparent maintenance requirement. The voluntary feed intakes observed, when expressed as g. dry matter per kg. W0–73, were somewhat higher for young sheep but lower for aged sheep than estimates of previous authors.

Studies on goat nutrition Part I. Minimum protein requirement of goats for maintenance-endogenous urinary nitrogen and metabolic faecal nitrogen excretion studies

1960 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. N. Majumdar
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Protein Requirement ◽  
Faecal Nitrogen ◽  
Endogenous Urinary Nitrogen ◽  
The One ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

1. EUN and MFN excretions have been determined in goats on a N-low ration and also on a N-free ration. The values obtained were,EUN = 0·052 g./kg. live weight andMFN = 0·41 g./100 g. dry-matter feed intake.2. The values so determined with the two feeding regimens, for both the EUN and MFN agreed very closely.3. The minimum protein requirement of goats for maintenance, as calculated from the EUN value, is 0·65 lb./1000 lb. live weight.4. The formula for calculating the utilizable protein requirement for this species is found to be P = 0·89. W0.734, and is almost identical with the one given by Mitchell.5. The usefulness of the above formula in predicting the EUN of immature goats is discussed.

Factors affecting voluntary feed intake in pigs. I. The effect of digestible energy content of the diet on the intake of castrated male pigs housed in holding pens and in metabolism crates

1967 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. A. Cole ◽  
J. E. Duckworth ◽  
W. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
The Difference

1. The voluntary feed intakes of pigs fed on diets having calculated digestible energy contents of 2,970, 3,356, 3,630 and 3,910 kcal/kg. dry matter were measured over four periods from 38 to 105 kg. live-weight.2. The pigs achieved similar daily digestible energy intakes regardless of the digestible energy content of the diet.3. When housed in metabolism crates pigs ate less than when housed in holding pens and the difference was greater than would be expected solely from the reduced exercise of the pigs in crates.4. Daily digestible energy intake was 575 kcal/kg. live-weight 0.675 when the pigs were in holding pens. The daily digestible energy intake of pigs in metabolism crates increased less with live-weight.5. The use of metabolism crates to obtain digestibility coefficients and values for nitrogen retention to be applied to animals housed under other conditions is discussed in relation to the differences found in apparent digestibility coefficients, feed intake and growth rates between pigs in crates and in holding pens.

The estimation of the intake of grazing sheep II. Application of faecal nitrogen regressions to a group of grazing sheep

1962 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Pearce ◽  
J. E. Vercoe ◽  
D. E. Tribe
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Faecal Nitrogen ◽  
Grazing Sheep

1. Recordings of faecal organic matter (O.M.), faecal N% (O.M. basis) and live weight, were made over 52 consecutive weekly periods on ten Corriedale wethers grazing a pasture consisting mainly of Wimmera rye-grass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) with some subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) in a Mediterranean-type environment. The amount of available O.M. and its N% were also recorded.2. By applying regressions of (i) the ratio of O.M. feed intake to O.M. faecal output on faecal N% and (ii) the N% in the O.M. intake on faecal N%, to the above observations it was possible to estimate the following quantities: O.M. and digestible organic matter (D.O.M.) intake, N and digestible N intake and O.M. digestibility percentage.3. The patterns of O.M. and D.O.M. intake, and N and digestible N intake are described. Similar patterns exist for each of these quantities. Two maxima, a large one in the spring and a smaller one in the autumn, and two minima, one in the summer and one in the winter, are exhibited. The values for these various maxima and minima are presented in the text.4. Attention is drawn to variations from the general pattern for these quantities and factors which could influence these patterns are mentioned.

The feed intake of grazing cattle. II. The influence of size of animal on feed intake

1961 ◽  
Vol 3 (03) ◽  
pp. 251-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Holmes ◽  
J. G. W. Jones ◽  
R. M. Drake-Brockman
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Chromic Oxide ◽  
Grazing Cattle ◽  
Continuous Grazing ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Faecal Nitrogen

1. Two experiments each with 3 dry cows, 3 heifers and 3 calves were carried out in 1959 and 1960 under uniform continuous grazing conditions on a ryegrass-white clover sward to measure individual feed intake by the chromic oxide-faecal nitrogen method.2. Estimates of digestibility were high (70–82% in organic matter) and there was evidence that calves selected a diet of higher digestibility than cows.3. Mean daily estimates of organic matter intake were for cows (1300 lb. live-weight) 23·5 lb., for heifers (790 lb. live-weight) 20·8 lb. and for calves (450 lb. live-weight) 14·3 lb. Corresponding digestible organic matter intakes were 17·4, 15·3 and 11·0 lb.4. Relationships between digestible organic matter intake and liveweight were calculated and the merits of the exponents 0·62 and 0·73 of liveweight discussed.5. The results were compared with accepted cow equivalent standards and, regardless of the exponent chosen, agreed with the system which adopts higher values for young grazing cattle.

Effect of age, abomasal cannulation and rumen catheterization on intake and site of digestion by early-weaned lambs

1990 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Cruickshank ◽  
D. P. Poppi ◽  
A. R. Sykes ◽  
A. S. Familton
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Nutrient Digestion ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Outflow Rate ◽  
Ram Lambs ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Cumulative Intake

SUMMARYThe voluntary food intake, in vivo digestibility and site of nutrient digestion was measured in 12 Polled Dorset ram lambs, from 6 to 24 weeks of age, offered clover hay. Lambs were weaned at 6 weeks of age. Six were fitted with a permanent T-shaped cannula in the abomasum and a temporary rumen catheter during the periods of digesta flow measurement.Surgical modification of lambs did not influence intake (g/kg live weight (W) per day), in vivo digestibility or marker retention time in the rumen. However, intact lambs grew significantly faster than cannulated lambs (139 v. 109g/day, P < 0·05) apparently because of an overall higher cumulative intake over the whole experimental period rather than any change in efficiency of use of nutrients or maintenance requirement.Relative to live weight, intake increased rapidly until c. 10 weeks of age and remained relatively constant at c. 37 g DM/kg W per day for the remainder of the experiment. Age had no effect on in vivo digestibility of organic matter (OM) or neutral detergent fibre (NDF) (average 0·69).The proportion of digestible organic matter apparently digested in the rumen (DOMADR) decreased from 0·63 to 0·47 between 8 and 24 weeks of age whilst intake between these measurement periods increased. Nonammonia N (NAN) flow past the abomasum was similar at all ages in relation to digestible organic matter intake (55·1 g NAN/kg DOMI) but was higher at 16 and 24 weeks of age than at 8 and 12 weeks of age, respectively, in relation to organic matter apparently digested in the rumen (OMADR) (116 and 85 g NAN/kg OMADR, respectively, P < 0·05).Fractional outflow rate of digesta markers from the rumen, when estimated from abomasal digesta, was significantly higher than when estimated from faeces (103Ru-p 0·121 v. 0·09; 51Cr-EDTA 0·169 v. 0·111/h; P > 0·05).It was concluded that cannulation did not affect intake and digestion characteristics in these young lambs. The changes in the site of nutrient digestion as the animals aged may have been due to agerelated changes in digestive function but appeared to be associated with the increase in intake that occurred between measurement periods of the cannulated lambs.

Factors affecting voluntary feed intake in pigs. II. The effect of two levels of crude fibre in the diet on the intake and performance of fattening pigs

1967 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. A. Cole ◽  
J. E. Duckworth ◽  
W. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Isocaloric Diets ◽  
Fattening Pigs

1. Voluntary feed intake, performance and carcass quality were studied with 20 individually housed pigs given isocaloric diets (2,770 kcal/kg. DM) containing either 8·9 % or 12·9 % crude fibre in the dry matter over the period of growth from 45 to 91 kg. live-weight.2. There were no significant differences between diets in voluntary feed intake, rate of gain or carcass quality.3. Apparent digestibility coefficients and rates of passage of the diets were determined in eight castrated male pigs. Rates of passage were not significantly affected by diet or live-weight when determined at 57 and 82 kg. live-weight.

scholarly journals Effect of age on feed efficiency and carcass yield characteristics of indigenous bull

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Sultana ◽  
KS Huque ◽  
MZ Rahman ◽  
NG Das
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Retail Cuts ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Effect Of Age

The study was conducted with the objectives to understand the effect of age of native Pabna bulls on feed conversion ratio (FCR), digestibility and carcass yield characteristics. Fifteen Pabna bulls having five  in each age groups of 6 to12, 13 to 24 and 25 to 36 months  were fed   ad libitum mix silages of Splendida (Setaria splendida) and Andrpogan (Andropogon gyunus) grasses (1:1 fresh) and supplemented with a concentrate mixture at 1% of live weight (LW) for a period of 72 days. With the increase of age, and subsequently LW (initial LW: 98.2, 182.6 and 288 kg, respectively), there was significant decrease in dry matter (DM) intake as % LW (<0.05; 2.94, 2.61 and 2.36, respectively) and increased daily gain (<0.01; 294, 519 and 597 g/d, respectively). However, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) (>0.05; 10.88, 10.10 and 12.24, respectively) and DM digestibility (>0.05; 51.0, 48.1 and 49.1 %, respectively) of bulls were remained unchanged. In case of carcass yield characteristics, significantly lower yield grade (<0.01; 1.79, 1.27 and 0.20, respectively) of bulls of 25 to 36 years produced higher closely trimmed boneless retail cuts (CTBRC) (<0.01; 50.47, 51.64 and 54.14 %, respectively), retail cut (<0.01; 76.14, 78.55 and 83.48 %, respectively) and meat quality index (MQI) (<0.01; 67.28, 67.89 and 69.07, respectively) compared to younger bulls. It may, therefore, be recommended that beef cattle farming with native Pabna bulls of 24 to 36 months will give more daily LW gain and produce more CTBRC at a similar FCR compared to younger ones.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2017. 46 (1): 17-23

Prediction of the voluntary intake of grass silages by beef cattle. 1. Linear regression analyses

1990 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Rook ◽  
M. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Linear Regressions

ABSTRACTData on individually recorded silage dry-matter intake (SDMI), concentrate dry-matter intake (CDMI) and live weight of steers and data on silage composition including toluene dry matter (TDM), pH, total nitrogen (N), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), volatile fatty acids (VFAs), digestible organic matter in the dry matter (DOMD) and neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) obtained from experiments conducted at three sites were used to obtain simple and multiple linear regressions of SDMI on other variables.Live weight accounted for a high proportion of the variation in intake but this effect could generally be removed by scaling intake by live weight raised to the power of 0·75 (M0·75). CDMI was the most important factor affecting scaled intake in mixed diets. TDM, NH,-N and VFAs all had important effects on SDMI. The relationship of SDMI with TDM was curvilinear suggesting that there is little to be gained in intake terms from wilting to TDM above 250 g/kg. The effect of NH3-N appeared to be related more to its correlation with VFAs than with any other nitrogenous constituent while the VFAs appeared to have a direct effect on SDMI. The effects of N and pH on SDMI were generally small. DOMD and NDF had relatively little effect on SDMI. Significant differences in intercepts between sites were found for most relationships although common slopes were often found.

scholarly journals Whole-grain cereal voluntary intake and preference in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. e0603
Author(s):  
Pedro González-Redondo ◽  
Francisco P. Caravaca ◽  
Alberto García-Ávarez ◽  
Fernando Martínez-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Coturnix Japonica ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Positive Correlations

Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) usually fed on ground or pelleted balanced feeds, while whole grains are supplied in alternative systems. Voluntary intake and preference of four whole-grain cereals (durum wheat, bread wheat, triticale and barley) were assessed in Japanese quails. Two experiments were performed: (i) a trial with five batches of six randomly selected quails (three males, three females) allocated to each treatment consisting of one cereal or a balanced feed (control) in the voluntary intake experiment; and (ii) a trial with four bird batches receiving simultaneously the four cereals in the preference experiment. Three repetitions of each trial were performed. When feedstuffs were provided as a sole feed, voluntary feed intake differed, being the highest in quails fed the balanced feed (20.0 g/d), intermediate for durum wheat (15.0 g/d), bread wheat (15.8 g/d) or triticale (15.6 g/d), and the lowest for barley (12.1 g/d). Voluntary intake did not differ between sexes. Positive correlations existed between voluntary feed intake and live weight of quails, being the highest and very strong for the balanced feed, moderate for durum and bread wheat and barley, and weak for triticale. The preference trial showed that quails preferred durum wheat (7.1 g/d), triticale (4.0 g/d), bread wheat (3.0 g/d) and barley (0.3 g/d) in descending order, independently of sex. Positive correlations existed between daily feed intake and live weight of birds for durum and bread wheat. Strong positive correlation existed between bird live weight and total intake when the four cereals were available simultaneously. Differences in voluntary intake and preference among whole-grain cereals should be take into account when used to feed quails.

Dry-matter intake and live-weight gain of cattle and sheep offered different grass varieties with and without clover

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Miles ◽  
R. J. K. Walters ◽  
E. M. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Animal Feeding

SUMMARYA series of animal feeding trials was designed to determine differences between grasses in dry-matter intake and animal live-weight gain, with a view to indicating better selection criteria for improving the feeding value of herbage.Wide differences were demonstrated in feed intake and live-weight gain between single-variety grass feeds at similar levels of digestibility.S.37 cocksfoot gave consistently good and S.51 timothy, consistently poor responses.Supplementation of grass feeds with red clover frequently resulted in marked improvement in feed intake and animal performance.

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