A note on teat order and metabolic rate in piglets up to 57 days old

1976 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-256
Author(s):  
G. B. Meese
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Detectable Effect ◽  
Thermoneutral Zone ◽  
Young Pigs

SUMMARYAn investigation was carried out to determine whether teat order has any effect on metabolic rate in young pigs as determined by oxygen consumption in the thermoneutral zone. A total of six sows and their litters was examined. Metabolic rate was determined at 1 day old and thereafter at 7-day intervals up to 57 days of age. Teat order was determined by regular observations of the piglets suckling. There was considerable variation in metabolic rate both within and between litters but there was no detectable effect of teat order on metabolic rate expressed as ml O2/W0·75 per min.

The metabolic rate and thermal conductance of the eastern barred bandicoot (Perameles gunnii) at different ambient temperatures

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 603 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Ikonomopoulou ◽  
R. W. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Thermal Conductance ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Metabolic Rate ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Thermoneutral Zone ◽  
Reproductive Females

We investigated the metabolic rate, thermoneutral zone and thermal conductance of the eastern barred bandicoot in Tasmania. Five adult eastern barred bandicoots (two males, three non-reproductive females) were tested at temperatures of 3, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40°C. The thermoneutral zone was calculated from oxygen consumption and body temperature, measured during the daytime: their normal resting phase. It was found that the thermoneutral zone lies between 25°C and 30°C, with a minimum metabolic rate of 0.51 mL g–1 h–1 and body temperature of 35.8°C. At cooler ambient temperatures (3–20°C) the body temperature decreased to approximately 34.0°C while the metabolic rate increased from 0.7 to 1.3 mL g–1�h–1. At high temperatures (35°C and 40°C) both body temperature (36.9–38.7°C) and metabolic rate (1.0–1.5 mL g–1 h–1) rose. Thermal conductance was low below an ambient temperature of 30°C but increased significantly at higher temperatures. The low thermal conductance (due, in part, to good insulation, a reduced body temperature at lower ambient temperatures, combined with a relatively high metabolic rate) suggests that this species is well adapted to cooler environments but it could not thermoregulate easily at temperatures above 30°C.

Thermal energetics of Nyctophilus geoffroyi (Chiroptera : Vespertilionidae) at the southern limits of its distribution

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Dixon ◽  
R. W. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
New South ◽  
Thermal Conductance ◽  
Reproductive Condition ◽  
Thermoneutral Zone ◽  
Downward Shift ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Thermal Energetics

The energetics of the lesser long-eared bat, Nyctophilus geoffroyi, at the southern limits of its distribution was examined to determine whether this species shows any latitudinal variation in this aspect of its physiological ecology. Estimates of metabolic rate were obtained from the oxygen consumption of adult bats in a non-reproductive condition. Values for the thermoneutral zone were similar but thermal conductance was lower than for bats from mainland of Australia. Euthermic body temperature was higher (37.4 ± 0.2°C) and the ambient temperature at which N. geoffroyi entered torpor has a downward shift of 10°C at the southern limits of its distribution. The basal metabolic rate (1.12 ± 0.14 mL O2 g–1 h–1) also was lower than in lower latitudes. Thermal conductance of the bats in Tasmania was lower than that found in New South Wales or Western Australia (0.29 v. 0.38–0.39 mL O2 g–1 h–1 °C–1). All of these differences are apparently adaptations to a cooler environment.

Effect of noradrenaline on oxygen consumption and tissue blood flow in young pigs

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Jamieson ◽  
D. Stribling ◽  
Nancy J. Rothwell ◽  
M. J. Stock
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Regional Blood Flow ◽  
Tissue Blood Flow ◽  
Large White ◽  
Brown Adipocytes ◽  
Adipose Tissue Depots ◽  
Young Pigs

Metabolic rate and tissue blood flow were measured by indirect calorimetry and the radioactive microsphere technique, respectively, in anaesthetized pigs aged 10, 17, and 28 days during infusions of saline or noradrenaline. Noradrenaline produced a rise in oxygen consumption in all pigs but the magnitude of the response declined with age in Large White pigs (percent increase: 10 days old, 29.5 ± 3.3; 17 days old, 15.3 ± 3.2; 28 days old, 5.4 ± 0.17) and was less in 10-day-old Minipigs (9.1 ± 5.1). Regional blood flow per gram of tissue was similar for pigs of all ages and noradrenaline produced increases in flow to heart and skin, and small reductions in blood flow to skeletal muscle. Noradrenaline increased average blood flow to adipose tissue (four sites) by 21-fold in 10-day-old Large White pigs, but had less effect in 10-day-old Minipigs (9.5-fold) and in older Large White pigs (9-fold), where the effect on metabolic rate was diminished. It is calculated that adipose tissue could be responsible for the increase in metabolic rate during infusion of noradrenaline. Macroscopically there are no gross differences between various adipose tissue depots in the pig but those which showed the greatest response to noradrenaline correspond to areas where brown adipocytes have previously been identified by electron microscopy.

Respiratory Metabolism During Pregnancy in the Guinea Pig

1957 ◽  
Vol 190 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Hoar ◽  
William C. Young
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Zona Fasciculata ◽  
Respiratory Metabolism ◽  
Morphological Differences

Oxygen consumption and heart rate during pregnancy were measured in untreated, thyroxin-injected and thyroidectomized guinea pigs given I131. From impregnation until parturition, oxygen consumption increased 7.9% in untreated females. The increase continued until 5 days postpartum when a sharp decrease occurred. The increase is not accounted for by growth of the fetal mass. Comparable increases occurred in thyroxin-injected (16.2%) and thyroidectomized (11.9%) females, although the levels throughout were higher and lower, respectively, than in intact females. Heart rate did not increase. On the contrary, statistically significant decreases occurred in the untreated and thyroxin-injected females. Although the mechanism associated with the increased metabolic rate is not known, the possibility of thyroid participation would seem to be excluded. Involvement of the adrenal cortex is suggested by morphological differences in the cells of the zona fasciculata in pregnant and nonpregnant females and by evidence cited from other studies.

Metabolism during normoxia, hyperoxia, and recovery in newborn rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter B. Frappell ◽  
Andrea Dotta ◽  
Jacopo P. Mortola
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Oxygen Availability ◽  
Aerobic Metabolism ◽  
Newborn Rats ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Positive Effects

Aerobic metabolism (oxygen consumption, [Formula: see text], and carbon dioxide production, [Formula: see text]) has been measured in newborn rats at 2 days of age during normoxia, 30 min of hyperoxia (100% O2) and an additional 30 min of recovery in normoxia at ambient temperatures of 35 °C (thermoneutrality) or 30 °C. In normoxia, at 30 °C [Formula: see text] was higher than at 35 °C. With hyperoxia, [Formula: see text] increased in all cases, but more so at 30 °C (+20%) than at 35 °C (+9%). Upon return to normoxia, metabolism readily returned to the prehyperoxic value. The results support the concept that the normoxic metabolic rate of the newborn can be limited by the availability of oxygen. At temperatures below thermoneutrality the higher metabolic needs aggravate the limitation in oxygen availability, and the positive effects of hyperoxia on [Formula: see text] are therefore more apparent.Key words: neonatal respiration, oxygen consumption, thermoregulation.

Effect of Caffeine on Oxygen Consumption and Metabolic Rate in Very Low Birth Weight Infants With Idiopathic Apnea

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 660-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Bauer ◽  
Kathrin Maier ◽  
Otwin Linderkamp ◽  
Roland Hentschel
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants

The Swimming of Nymphon Gracile (Pycnogonida): The Energetics of Swimming at Constant Depth

1977 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-211
Author(s):  
ELFED MORGAN
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Tidal Cycle ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Constant Depth ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Drag Forces ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tide Period

1. The mechanical power required by Nymphon for swimming at constant depth has been calculated from drag forces acting on the legs. For an adult male this was found to be 3.4 W kg. Only about 60% of this is used to support the animal's weight in water. 2. The metabolic rate fluctuates spontaneously over a tidal cycle, being greatest during the ebb-tide period. The mean rate of oxygen consumption during the animals least active phase was found to be about 0.1 μlO2 mg−1 h−1. 3. The total carbohydrate and lipid immediately available for combustion have been estimated at 4.64 and 16 μg/mg wet wt respectively. These quantities should be adequate for about 42 h periodic swimming in an adult Nymphon.

Oxygen consumption and resting metabolic rate in sepsis, sepsis syndrome, and septic shock

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 1012-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
GEORG KREYMANN ◽  
SEBASTIAN GROSSER ◽  
PETER BUGGISCH ◽  
CLAUS GOTTSCHALL ◽  
STEPHAN MATTHAEI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Septic Shock ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Sepsis Syndrome

Metabolic phenotype is not associated with vulnerability to angling in bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (11) ◽  
pp. 1264-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Louison ◽  
J.A. Stein ◽  
C.D. Suski
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Intermittent Flow ◽  
Bluegill Sunfish ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Context Specific

Prior work has described a link between an individual’s metabolic rate and a willingness to take risks. One context in which high metabolic rates and risk-prone behaviors may prove to be maladaptive is in fish that strike fishing lures only to be captured by anglers. It has been shown that metabolic phenotype may be altered by angling; however, little work has assessed metabolic rate in fish and its relationship to angling vulnerability in a realistic angling trial. To address this, we subjected a set of bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque, 1819) to a series of angling sessions. Following this, a subset of 23 fish that had been captured at least once and 25 fish that had not been captured were assessed for metabolic phenotype (standard and maximum metabolic rates, postexercise oxygen consumption, and recovery time) via intermittent flow respirometry. Contrary to predictions, captured and uncaptured fish did not differ in any measurement of metabolic rate. These results suggest that metabolic phenotype is not a determinant of angling vulnerability within the studied context. It is possible, therefore, that previously described alterations in metabolic phenotype owing to angling pressure may be context-specific and may not apply to all species and angling contexts.

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