Nutritional evaluation of wheat 3. Effects of supplementation with lysine, threonine and methionine of diets based on wheat containing 13% crude protein on the performance of pigs

1975 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ivan ◽  
D. J. Farrell ◽  
T. N. Edey
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Limiting Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations

Summary1. Large White x Landrace pigs were used to study the effects of supplementation with limiting amino acids of diets based on wheat containing 13% crude protein. Measurements were made of growth rate, feed conversion, carcass composition, plasma-free amino acid concentrations, digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen and gross energy, nitrogen retention and metabolizable energy.2. A wheat diet supplemented with lysine and threonine, the firstand the second-limiting amino acids respectively, produced almost the same growth rate and feed conversion ratio as one supplemented with fish meal and meat meal. Methionine was probably the thirdlimiting amino acid, and additional supplementation with methionine produced a further small improvement in growth rate and feed conversion ratio to the point where they were equal to those on the diet supplemented with fish meal and meat meal.3. Supplementation of the wheat diet with lysine only produced the same growth rate and feed conversion ratio as a least-cost commercial diet; performance was, however, inferior to that on a wheat diet supplemented with fish meal and meat meal. The commercial diet had a lower dry-matter digestibility.4. Eye-muscle area of pigs on the wheat diet supplemented with lysine was similar to that of pigs on a wheat diet supplemented with fish meal and meat meal; however, backfat thickness was significantly lower on the latter diet.5. Except for threonine, plasma-free amino acid concentrations reflected with reasonable accuracy amino acid deficiencies in the diets.

Nutritional evaluation of wheat. 2. The sequence of limiting amino acids in wheats of different protein content as determined with growing rats

1975 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ivan ◽  
D. J. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Limiting Amino Acid ◽  
Limiting Amino Acids

SUMMARY1. Weanling male rats were used in three experiments to evaluate the sequence of limiting amino acids for maximum growth with diets based on wheats containing 10, 13 or 17% crude protein (N×5·71).2. Lysine was the first-limiting, threonine the second-limiting, and valine or methionine the third- or fourth-limiting amino acid for growth rate and feed-conversion ratio of rats offered the diet based on wheat containing 10% crude protein. A further four amino acids (isoleucine, histidine, tryptophan and tyrosine) were limiting for feed-conversion ratio only.3. For the diet based on wheat containing 13% crude protein the sequence of limiting amino acids was lysine, threonine and methionine.4. Only lysine was limiting in the diet based on wheat containing 17% crude protein.5. Plasma-free amino-acid concentrations were found to be a valuable criterion for prediction of the first-limiting amino acid in diets.6. Improvement of growth and feed-conversion ratio was observed with diets based on wheat containing 17 or 13% crude protein when the limiting amino acids were supplemented to provide the recommended allowance. Further improvement in feed-conversion ratio was obtained when lysine and threonine were provided in excess of the recommended allowances.7. There was a lysine-threonine interaction affecting growth rate and feed-conversion ratio, and a lysine-me.thionine interaction affecting feed-conversion ratio.

Nutritional evaluation of wheat 4. Effects of supplementation with amino acids and protein of diets based on wheats containing 10% and 17% crude protein on the performance of growing pigs

1975 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ivan ◽  
D. J. Farrell ◽  
T. N. Edey
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Limiting Amino Acids

Summary1. The effects of supplementing diets containing 10% or 17% crude protein wheat, vitamins and minerals with the limiting amino acids were studied with growing Large White x Landrace pigs. Performance was measured in terms of growth rate, feed conversion, carcass measurements, plasma-free amino acid concentrations, digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen and gross energy, nitrogen retention and metabolizable energy.2. With diets based on wheat containing 17% crude protein, a lysine supplement gave a slightly higher growth rate and a slightly lower feed conversion ratio than when fish meal and meat meal was the supplement.3. With diets based on wheat containing 10% crude protein, performance was significantly poorer when the diet was supplemented with the four most limiting amino acids (lysine, threonine, valine, methionine) than with fish meal and meat meal. Meat meal and soya bean meal appeared to be a good source of the limiting amino acids, other than lysine, when added to a diet based on wheat containing 10% crude protein.4. Eye-muscle area was lower and backfat thickness greater when diets based on wheat containing 10% crude protein were unsupplemented or supplemented with lysine than when they were supplemented with protein or with the four most limiting amino acids. However, no significant differences in backfat thickness were obtained between similar comparisons when the wheat contained 17% crude protein.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penggunaan Tepung Daging Bekicot (Achatina fulica) pada Pakan Buatan terhadap Pertumbuhan, Rasio, Konversi Pakan dan Tingkat Kelulushidupan Benih Ikan Patin (Pangasius pangasius) [Effect of Use of Snail Meat (Achatina fulica) for Artificial Diet on Growth, Food Convertion and Survival Rate Catfish (Pangasius pangasius)]

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Boedi Setya Rahardja, Devieta Sari, Moch. Amin Alamsjah
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Achatina Fulica ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Meat Meal

AbstractCurrently catfish is experiencing a fairly rapid growth, this is because the catfish is one of the important commodities in the fishery. Efforts to increase catfish production is to improve the quality of feed. The aim of this study is to observe effect of snail meat meal for growth rate, food conversion ratio and survival rate of catfish seeds. This research method is experimental with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments and four replications. The treatments were used: (A) 0% snail meat meal, (B) 10% snail meat meal and 30% fish meal, (C) 20% snail meat meal and 20% fish meal, (D) 30% snail meat meal and 10% fish meal and (E) 40% snail meat meal. The main parameters measured were growth, feed conversion ratio and survival rate. Supporting parameters measured were water quality. Analysis of the data used is Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and to know the difference among treatment using Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The results of this study showed that use of snail meat meal in feed formulation stastistically difference (p<0.05) for growth and survival rate of catfish seeds but not statistically difference (p>0.05) for feed conversion ratio. Water quality in maintenance media seed catfish is the temperature 0range between 26-31C, pH 7-8 and dissolved oxygen was 7.2-8.0 mg/L. 

scholarly journals Performance characteristics of African Cat fish (Clarias gariepinus) fed varying inclusion levels of silk worm pupae (Anaphe infracta)

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-80
Author(s):  
CO Olaniyi ◽  
GO Babasanmi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Specific Growth Rate ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
Silk Worm

The use of Silkworm (Anaphe infracta) pupae as a protein source was investigated for its ability to replace fishmeal in the diet of Clarias gariepinus, African cat fish. Five dried diets formulated at 40% crude protein were fed to fingerlings of an average initial weight of 14.33g at 0 (control diet), 25, 50, 75 and 100% inclusion levels of silk worm meal. The experiment was conducted for 84 days were measured. Mean weight gain (MWG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR). The five inclusion levels of silk worm pupae supported the growth of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings, the growth and feed utilization were favoured by high inclusion level of silk worm meal. Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed among the treatments, although there were no significant differences (p>0.05) in the growth parameters between 50% and 75% inclusion levels. The 100% silk worm pupae meal inclusion gave the best final mean weight gain of 10.29g specific growth rate of 0.93%, feed conversion ratio of 2.18 and protein efficiency ratio (PER) of 0.012. The carcass protein and lipid contents increased compared to the levels of both at the beginning of the experiment. Even though, there were no significant differences (p>0.05) among proximate composition of the fish groups fed 25, 50 and 75%. The results showed that diet consists of 100% silk worm meal could be used as a complete replacement for fish meal in the diet formulation for Clarias gariepinus fingerlings. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v42i1.15787 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2013. 42 (1): 76-80

scholarly journals UTILIZATION OF MARINE FUNGAL Nodulisporium sp. KT29 METABOLITES TO IMPROVE THE PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF MARINE CULTURE OF WHITE SHRIMP

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 747
Author(s):  
Fazril Saputra ◽  
Dinamella Wahjuningrum ◽  
Kustiariyah Tarman ◽  
Irzal Effendi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Daily Growth Rate ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Marine Culture

<em>This study aimed to determine the best dose of administration of marine fungal <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Nodulisporium</span> sp. KT29 metabolites to improve the production performance of marine culture of white shrimp. The experimental animals used were white shrimp <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Litopenaeus</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">vannamei</span> post larvae 12, which were reared in the sea using floating net cages with a stocking density of 700 post larvae/net. Experimental design used was a completely randomized design consisting of 3 treatments with 3 replications; control without the administration of <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Nodulisporium</span> sp. KT29 metabolites, dietary of feed containing <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Nodulisporium</span> sp. KT29 metabolites at doses of 20 mL/kg of feed and 40 mL/kg of feed. The results showed that survival rate, absolute length growth, weight gain, daily growth rate and feed conversion ratio in treatment groups were better than the control (P&lt;0.05). The administration of marine fungal <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Nodulisporium</span> sp. KT29 metabolites at a dose of 20 mL/kg of feed could improve the production performance of white shrimp cultivated in the sea with survival rate, daily growth rate and feed conversion ratio: 66.61±6.94%, 20.18±0.39 %/day and 3.20±0.22, respectively.</em>

scholarly journals Azolla a Boon for the Growth of Gift Tilapia, Oreochromis Niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
LEENA GRACE BESLIN ◽  
MONISHA RAJAN
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Gift Tilapia

Abstract Appreciative dietary desires and fabrication of fish nourishment is vital to the progress, sustainability of aquaculture and for the advanced feed mill rehearsal. Organizing fish feed includes choosing the exact feed, using an acceptable feeding technique, work out the feed charge and ensuring the cost efficiency of fish farm. The purpose of our present study was to feed the fishes with four different feeds and assessment of growth performance by length weight relationships. The growth analysis was executed by measuring FCR and related indices in gift tilapia oreochromis niloticus. Four feed composition was selected without any chemical contamination. In the present study fishes were collected from the golden farm, Neyyattinkara, Thiruvananthapuram district, South India. Fishes were introduced into four different tanks of well oxygenated good quality water. In each experimental tank, 20 fishes were introduced. For each experimental container a specific feed was fixed from 4 different diets. Every day feed was given to the fishes. They were fed two times for the period of 3 months. They were maintained to assess their growth performance. Four types of feeds used for the present study were control diet, diet 1, diet 2 and diet 3. Length and weight were measured on every 15 days interval for growth estimation. Based on the length-weight data, growth analysis was carried out by calculating relative growth (RG), relative growth rate (RGR), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and the Fulton’s condition factor. The results of mean length in diet3proved the highest length of 6.455±0.46cm and diet one contain lowest length of 5.03±0.68cm. Highest weight of 96.8 ± 0.37g was recorded in diet3 and lowest weight obtained for the control diet (3.645 ± 0.306 g). In growth analysis the relative growth of fish was estimated in diet 3 having high relative growth (11.91). Relative growth rate was elevated in diet 3(1.5597). The upper limit of specific growth rate was 1.9146% noticed in diet 3. The feed conversion ratio was maximum in diet 3 (58.06) and minimum in control diet (36). The highest k value in Fulton's condition factor was noticed in diet 3(88.32).All experimental results proved that live Azolla [D3] was a superior feed for the present trials.

scholarly journals Pemberian Enzim Lignosellulosa Dalam Pakan Buatan Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Tingkat Kelulushidupan Benih Ikan Gurami (Osphronemus gouramy Lac.) [The Granting Of An Enzyme Lignosellulosa In Feed Artificial On The Growth And The Survival Rate Seed Gourami (Osphronemus gouramy Lac.) ]

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yusuf Akbar, Agustono, Rahayu Kusdarwat
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Range Test

Abstract Gurami having economic values of. Have abundance, namely able in waters with its oxygen relatively low. Belong to the species of carnivorous herbs herbivora. Unprofitableness is eat feed derived from herbs with content nutrition relatively low compared to animals, so it impact on its growth slow, easly diseases, easly stress, hard eat and SR low. The purpose of this research isto know the addition of enzyme lignosellulase in artificialfeedincreased growth and increased survival rate seed gourami. Method research used is experimental with delightful random complete (RAL) with five treatment and four deuterenomy. The treatment used were : control (A), enzyme 550ml (B), enzyme 600ml (C), enzyme 650ml (D), and enzyme 750ml(E). The main parameters measured were growth rate, and survival rate. The supporting parameters observedwas water quality. Data analysis used analysis of variance (ANOVA) to know the effect of the treatments.To know the difference among treatments used Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The result showed that the provision of enzymes give a real power (p<0.01) against growth rate daily and growth long absolute gourami (Osphronemus gouramy) To survival rate and feed conversion ratio gourami give impact which is not dissimilar real. Growth best on treatment E (0.0214), then successive followed by treatment D (0.0174), C (0.015), B (0.0142) and A (0.0128). Conversion ratio feed on all treatment e 10,415, that is, e then successive followed by treatment d (12,915), c (14,3975), b (15,6375) and a (17,5325). Survival rate obtained 100%. Water quality media maintenance gourami is temperature 26ºC - 29ºC, pH 7 – 8, oxygen dissolved 3.5 – 5 mg/l and ammonia 0.004 – 0.005 mg/l.

scholarly journals Effects of the Use of Plant-Based Food Additives on Growth, Body Composition, and Survival of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Paul Mamadou Ndour ◽  
Jean Fall ◽  
Abdoulaye Loum ◽  
Saloum Jatta ◽  
Mariama Sagne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Average Weight Gain

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of plant-based food additives on growth performance, body composition and survival of Nile tilapia. Four isonitrogenous (25% CP) and isolipidic (13% CL) experimental diets were prepared and designated as R1, R2, R3, and R4. R1 contains (3% Cymbopogon citratus), R2 contains (3% Ocimum basilicum), R3 contains (3% Mentha spicata) and R4 (control or 0% additive). 180 Nile tilapia fry with an initial average weight of 0.2g were distributed in 12 plastic tanks (50 L/tank) at the stocking density of 15 fish per tank in an isolated system. Fish were fed with experimental diets 3 times per day (8:00 am, 1:00 pm and 5 :00 pm) for 3 months. After 90 days of experiment, the results revealed that the final average weight ranged from 2.62g to 8.00g, the absolute average weight gain (AAWG) from 2.42 to 7.8g, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) from 1.31 to 2.67 and specific growth rate (SGR) from 3.06 to 4.36%/d. The survival rate (SR) varied between 64 and 100%. Of the parameters studied such as the absolute average weight gain (AAWG), the specific growth rate (SGR), the feed conversion ratio (FCR), and the survival rate, the best were obtained by the group of fish fed with the R2 diet containing 3% Ocimum basilicum. The results of the analysis of the flesh showed that the addition of 3% O. basilicum does not modify the contents of dry matter, crude protein, and ash but slightly increased the fat content. Based on the results, the inclusion of natural plant-based food additive (3% Ocimum basilicum) in the diet of Nile tilapia improved the parameters of growth, feed efficiency, and survival.

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