Third Report on the Excavations at Stonehenge

1923 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Hawley
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
The West ◽  
Appreciable Difference ◽  
The Third ◽  
Animal Bone ◽  
Bone Fragments

My last report presented a year ago concluded with an account of the third excavation of the ditch outside the circular earthwork. A fourth excavation in continuation of the third was begun immediately afterwards and carried 26 ft. to the west. It was made 2 ft. wider, as the ditch here appeared to have been wider and deeper, but except for this there was no appreciable difference from former sections. The upper soil had been much disturbed by rabbits or persons digging them out, the burrows being occasionally found to be 4 ft. deep. The upper layer of humus, and the rubble layer beneath it, contained chips of the building of Stonehenge to the number of 570, but none was found lower than the junction with the silt. With the chips were four small worn pieces of Bronze Age pottery, 10 of the Roman Period, a small quartzite maul, about 60 animal bone fragments, and the greater part of a human ulna bone.

scholarly journals A Divine Couple: Demeter Malophoros and Zeus Meilichios in Selinus

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-110
Author(s):  
Allaire B. Stallsmith
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Average Height ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Family ◽  
Terracotta Figurines ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Bronze Age ◽  
Domestic Cult

Abstract This paper concerns a collection of rough-hewn flat stelae excavated from the precinct of Zeus Meilichios in Selinus, Sicily between 1915 and 1926, a majority with two heads or busts, one male and one female, carved at their tops. These crudely fashioned idols are unique in their iconography. They combine the flat inscribed Punic stela with the Greek figural tradition, with some indigenous features. Their meaning is totally obscure – especially since they lack any literary reference. No comparable monuments have been found in ancient Mediterranean cult. The twin stelae were often set up above a collection of burnt rodent and bird bones, ashes, lamps, broken and burnt pottery and terracotta figurines, as a memorial of a sacrifice. The stelae were the objects of a gentilicial cult, similar to that posited for the inscribed “Meilichios stones” with which they shared the Field of Stelae of Zeus Meilichios. The theory advanced here interprets these diminutive stelae (average height 30 cm) as the objects of domestic cult. It was customary in many parts of the ancient Mediterranean, from the Bronze Age down to the Roman period, to venerate household or family gods who protected the health and the wealth of the family. They were thought to embody the spirits of the ancestors and could at times be identified with the gods of the state religion. This divine couple whose effigies were dedicated in the Field of Stelae over a period of four centuries, into the third century, cannot be claimed as Greek or Punic deities. What these nameless protectors of the family were called we cannot say: Meilichios and Meilichia, Father and Mother, or Lord and Lady of the household? As the objects of such a personal domestic cult, their names might have differed with each family.

Classical shipwreck excavation at Tektaş Burnu, Turkey

Antiquity ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (283) ◽  
pp. 19-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Gibbins
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Classical Period ◽  
Nautical Archaeology ◽  
The West ◽  
The Third ◽  
Annual Survey ◽  
Of Greece

In 1999 the Institute of Nautical Archaeology (INA) began the excavation of a 5th-century BC shipwreck off Tektaş Burnu, a rocky headland on the west coast of Turkey between the Greek islands of Chios and Samos. The site was discovered in 1996 during INA’s annual survey, which has pinpointed more than 100 ancient wrecks off southwest Turkey. Since 1960 teams under Gcorge Bass have excavated wrecks ranging in date from Bronze Age to medieval, but the high classical period of Greece remained unrepresented. Interest in the Tektas wreck was spurred by its likely date, in the third quarter of the 5th century BC; it is the only wrecked merchantman to be securely dated to these years, and is therefore shedding unique light on seafaring and trade at the height of classical Athens.

scholarly journals Excavations of three cropmark sites at Melville Nurseries, Dalkeith

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Raisen ◽  
Thomas Rees
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
The Third ◽  
Northern Edge

Summary Three cropmark sites were excavated by Peter Raisen for Historic Scotland during 1989 in advance of the construction of the A7 Dalkeith Western Bypass. The report on these sites was completed in 1995 by Thomas Rees. The first site comprises two parallel linear cropmarks which are interpreted as flanking ditches to a possible track of unknown date. The second site, a small sub-oval enclosure, proved to be an unenclosed round-house, formed by a ringgroove with external and internal post-holes. Radiocarbon dates and a saddle quern suggest an early Iron Age date for this structure. Excavation of the third cropmark revealed a palisaded enclosure which surrounded an inner enclosure formed by a slot with a shallow internal gully. Radiocarbon and ceramic evidence suggests either a later Bronze Age or Iron Age date for these enclosures. Two bipartite pits, at the northern edge of the palisaded enclosure, were dated to the Roman period. Historic Scotland funded the fieldwork, the post-excavation analyses and the publication of the report.

scholarly journals When and Why? The Chronology and Context of Flint Mining at Grime’s Graves, Norfolk, England

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 277-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances Healy ◽  
Peter Marshall ◽  
Alex Bayliss ◽  
Gordon Cook ◽  
Christopher Bronk Ramsey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Bone Tools ◽  
The West ◽  
The Third ◽  
Copper Mines ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
Copper Metallurgy

New radiocarbon dating and chronological modelling have refined understanding of the character and circumstances of flint mining at Grime’s Graves through time. The deepest, most complex galleried shafts were worked probably from the third quarter of the 27th century calbcand are amongst the earliest on the site. Their use ended in the decades around 2400 calbc, although the use of simple, shallow pits in the west of the site continued for perhaps another three centuries. The final use of galleried shafts coincides with the first evidence of Beaker pottery and copper metallurgy in Britain. After a gap of around half a millennium, flint mining at Grime’s Graves briefly resumed, probably from the middle of the 16th century calbcto the middle of the 15th. These ‘primitive’ pits, as they were termed in the inter-war period, were worked using bone tools that can be paralleled in Early Bronze Age copper mines. Finally, the scale and intensity of Middle Bronze Age middening on the site is revealed, as it occurred over a period of probably no more than a few decades in the 14th century calbc. The possibility of connections between metalworking at Grime’s Graves at this time and contemporary deposition of bronzes in the nearby Fens is discussed.

Minos and Daidalos in Sicily

1948 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Dunbabin
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
The West ◽  
The Third ◽  
Common Heritage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Two Sides

My subject in this paper is the familiar one of the impact of civilised on uncivilised in the widest extension of Minoan and Mycenaean civilisation. In dealing with the earliest relations between the Aegean and Italy, I do not propose to discuss the parallels which have been drawn between the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age pottery of the two sides of the Adriatic. The unquestioned likenesses may be due to sharing a common heritage, and do not prove direct contact between the two areas.Probably as early as the Middle Minoan I period, at the end of the third millennium, Minoan navigators occasionally reached Sicily. The earliest Cretan objects in the West are sporadic, and may have passed from hand to hand. But from the close of the Early Minoan period liparite is found regularly in Crete, and it is natural to suppose that the Cretans, went to the Lipari Islands to get it. It is suggested also that tin, which from the same period was increasingly used in alloying copper, was brought from the Western Mediterranean. On the other side, there are many Sicilian II swords and daggers which imitate L.M.I. types. Most of these cannot be so old as their prototypes. Though there are no weapons in Sicily which are certainly Minoan, it is clear that Minoan swords must have been imported, and served as models for a Siculan type which had a long currency.

How to Define the Czechoslovak Underground

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
Barbara Bothová
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
The State ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The West ◽  
State Security ◽  
The Third ◽  
Key Events

What is an underground? Is it possible to embed this particular way of life into any definition? After all, even underground did not have the need to define itself at the beginning. The presented text represents a brief reflection of the development of underground in Czechoslovakia; attention is paid to the impulses from the West, which had a significant influence on the underground. The text focuses on the key events that influenced the underground. For example, the “Hairies (Vlasatci)” Action, which took place in 1966, and the State Security activity in Rudolfov in 1974. The event in Rudolfov was an imaginary landmark and led to the writing of a manifesto that came into history as the “Report on the Third Czech Musical Revival.”

In our society, the proportion of youth is higher than any other society. They are important in this regard. But the real question is whether his views, trends and likes and dislikes are different from other generations of society in political terms. What

Think India ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 680-686
Author(s):  
Azad Pratap Singh
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Fundamental Difference ◽  
The West ◽  
Green Party ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Third ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Education And Employment ◽  
Political Understanding ◽  
Separate Class

In our society, the proportion of youth is higher than any other society. They are important in this regard. But the real question is whether his views, trends and likes and dislikes are different from other generations of society in political terms. What is the reason for the tendency to see youth as a separate class. That we borrow the principles of politics from the West, where the distinction of generations is more important factor in politics than the distinction of community or class. At one time, parties like the Labor Party and the Green Party have been standing mainly on the vote of the youth for some time. The second reason is that the image of the youth is based on the English-speaking youths living somewhere in the metros. We often consider him to be a symbol of youth. While in reality they are a very small part of our youth. And the third reason is that the part of change, revolution and the politics of change that had set the hopes of the youth are still there in our political understanding. The fact is that the youth class is not very different from the elderly or any other generation in terms of participation in politics, if different then it means that its participation is less than the other class because it is more concerned about education and employment. There is no fundamental difference between the vote of the youth and other generations in terms of voting or political choice. If there is a difference, then only in the sense that the parties who have come in the last 25-30 years have heard more about the youth, hence their choice is more. Older parties usually get little support from the youth. However, it is not related to its youth, because the information about that party is limited to certain people.

Two Early Helladic II terracotta rollers from Asine and their glyptic context

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 81-96
Author(s):  
Michael Lindblom ◽  
Gullög Nordquist ◽  
Hans Mommsen
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
The Third ◽  
Archaeological Perspective

Two Early Helladic II terracotta rollers from the Third Terrace at Asine are presented. The objects, used to impress relief decoration on pithoi and hearths, are unique in that no other examples are known from the Early Bronze Age Aegean. Their origin is discussed based on chemical characterization and their depositional contexts are reviewed from an archaeological perspective. Although there are no known impressions from these rollers on pithoi and hearths at Asine, it is shown that their owners surrounded themselves with different objects featuring similar glyptic impressions. Two such impressions find identical parallels at Tiryns and the combined evidence strongly suggest that Asine was the home for one or several potters who produced Early Helladic impressed hearths and pithoi.

Dairy Queen. Churns and milk products in the Aegean Bronze Age

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 205-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah P. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Near East ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Specific Function ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
The Third ◽  
Household Processing

This article assembles examples of an unusual vessel found in domestic contexts of the Early Bronze Age around the Aegean and in the Eastern Mediterranean. Identified as a “barrel vessel” by the excavators of Troy, Lesbos (Thermi), Lemnos (Poliochni), and various sites in the Chalkidike, the shape finds its best parallels in containers identified as churns in the Chalcolithic Levant, and related vessels from the Eneolithic Balkans. Levantine parallels also exist in miniature form, as in the Aegean at Troy, Thermi, and Poliochni, and appear as part of votive figures in the Near East. My interpretation of their use and development will consider how they compare to similar shapes in the archaeological record, especially in Aegean prehistory, and what possible transregional relationships they may express along with their specific function as household processing vessels for dairy products during the third millennium BC.

Excavations in Midea 2007

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 7-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Demakopoulou ◽  
Nicoletta Divari-Valakou ◽  
Monica Nilsson ◽  
Ann-Louise Schallin
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
The West ◽  
Large Section ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
West Part ◽  
Large Opening

Excavations in Midea continued in 2007 as a Greek-Swedish programme under the direction of Dr Katie Demakopoulou in collaboration with Dr Ann-Louise Schallin. In the West Gate area excavation continued in the west part of the building complex that abuts the fortification wall. Room XIV was excavated with abundant remains of LH IIIB2 pottery. A sealstone with a unique, possibly ritual, scene was also found. On the lower west terrace of the acropolis excavation continued in Trench C, where a large section of the fortification wall was uncovered. Room I was excavated here, adjacent to the inner face of the fortification wall. Finds in this room date to the early phase of LH IIIC, under which there was ample evidence of the LH IIIB2 destruction, including human skeletons. Under this debris, a large opening leading to a gallery or syrinx through the thickness of the fortification wall was found. Excavation was resumed also in the East Gate area, where a new wall was revealed in the baulk between Trench 3 and Room 9. The wall is perpendicular to the citadel wall and borders Trench 3. Excavation was also resumed in Trenches 9 and 14. The latest Mycenaean material in this area dates to LH IIIB2, but there is evidence of post-Bronze Age activity, which is demonstrated mainly by pottery finds.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document