The Grey Wolf

Antiquity ◽  
1943 ◽  
Vol 17 (65) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Matheson
Keyword(s):  
17Th Century ◽  
Grey Wolf ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
The City ◽  
Close Investigation ◽  
Animal World

In a previous paper (1) an attempt was made to describe the inter-relations of man and bear in Europe from early times to the present day. In many ways the influence of the wolf has been more important than that of the bear on the habits and thoughts of European man. Occasionally it has figured in a favourable light, as in the case of the she-wolf credited with suckling the twin founders of the City on Seven Hills (though even here the double meaning of lupa—applied in a transferative sense to ladies whose character would not bear close investigation—has led some authors to a conjecture which it might not have been politic to mention to any patriotic inhabitant of the grandeur that was Rome). But in general, whether in Italy or elsewhere, no animal has been so hated and feared. Among the ancient Greeks in the south—whose Lyceum at Athens and sanctuary of Apollo Lukeios at Sicyon may have originated in efforts to propitiate the wolves-as among the Letts of the north who, perhaps as late as the 17th century, sacrificed a goat each December to the wolves so that their other livestock might be spared(2) ; from Scotland where priests offered the prayer, quoted by Fittis (3) from the old Litany of Dunkeld, for deliverance ‘from robbers and caterans, from wolves and all wild beasts’, to Russia where peasants pronounced a spell on St. George's Day with the recurring plea, ‘God grant the wolf may not take our cattle‘ (4); the wolf was the great destroyer, the despoiler of flocks and herds and man's chief enemy in the animal world.

scholarly journals Effect of daily periodic human movement on dengue dynamics: the case of the 2010 outbreak in Hermosillo, Mexico

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayra R. Tocto-Erazo ◽  
Daniel Olmos-Liceaga ◽  
José A. Montoya
Keyword(s):  
Real Data ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Basic Reproductive Number ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
The South ◽  
South Side ◽  
Transmission Rates ◽  
The North ◽  
Local Properties ◽  
The City

AbstractThe human movement plays an important rol in the spread of infectious diseases. On an urban scale, people move daily to workplaces, schools, among others. Here, we are interested in exploring the effect of the daily local stay on the variations of some characteristics of dengue dynamics such as the transmission rates and local basic reproductive numbers. For this, we use a two-patch mathematical model that explicitly considers that daily mobility of people and real data from the 2010 dengue outbreak in Hermosillo, Mexico. Based on a preliminary cluster analysis, we divide the city into two regions, the south and north sides, which determine each patch of the model. We use a Bayesian approach to estimate the transmission rates and local basic reproductive numbers of some urban mobility scenarios where residents of each patch spend daily the 100% (no human movement between patches), 75% and 50% of their day at their place of residence. For the north side, estimates of transmission rates do not vary and it is more likely that the local basic reproductive number to be greater than one for all three different scenarios. On the contrary, tranmission rates of the south side have more weight in lower values when consider the human movement between patches compared to the uncoupled case. In fact, local basic reproductive numbers less than 1 are not negligible for the south side. If information about commuting is known, this work might be useful to obtain better estimates of some contagion local properties of a patch, such as the basic reproductive number.

scholarly journals A Study on Urban Furniture: Nicosia Old City

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mine Kuset Bolkaner ◽  
Selda İnançoğlu ◽  
Buket Asilsoy
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
The South ◽  
Urban Identity ◽  
South Side ◽  
The North ◽  
North Side ◽  
Old City ◽  
Street Furniture ◽  
The City

Urban furniture can be defined as aesthetics and comfort elements that reflect the identity of a city and enable the urban space to become livable. Urban furniture is an important element of the city in order to improve the quality of urban life, to create a comfortable and reliable environment and to meet the needs of the users in the best way. For designing these elements, the social, economic, cultural and architectural structure of the city should be considered and evaluated. It is important to adapt the urban furniture to the urban texture and to the cultural structure achieving an urban identity, in order to ensure the survival and sustainability of the historical environments. In this study, a study was carried out in the context of urban furniture in Nicosia Walled City, which has many architectural cultures with its historical texture. In this context, firstly the concept of urban identity and urban furniture was explained and then, information about urban furniture was given in historical circles with urban furniture samples from different countries. As a field study, a main axis was determined and the streets and squares on this axis were discussed. These areas have been explored starting from Kyrenia Gate in North Nicosia; İnönü Square, Girne Street, Atatürk Square, Arasta Square, Lokmacı Barricade and on the south side Ledra Street and Eleftherias Square. In this context, the existing furniture in the North and South were determined and evaluated in terms of urban identity accordingly. As a result, it can be suggested that the existing street furniture equipments, especially on the north side, do not have any characteristic to emphasize the urban identity. According to the findings, it was determined that the urban furniture in the streets and squares on the north side is generally older and neglected, and does not provide a unity with the environment, whereas on the south side, these elements on the street and square are relatively new, functional and environmentally compatible.Key words: urban furniture, historical environment, urban identity, Nicosia Old City

Al-Makrīzī’s Khitat and the Markets in Cairo during the Mamlūks Era

Belleten ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 81 (291) ◽  
pp. 329-372
Author(s):  
Abdullah Mesut Ağır
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
Domestic Markets ◽  
The North ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
The City

This study examines the markets in Cairo during the reign of the Mamlūks in the light of al-Makrīzī's Chronicle al-Khitat. Besides those which were built during the Mamlūks era the commercial life were ongoing at the markets dating back to the Fatimids and the Ayyubids periods. The marketplaces generally occupied in al-Qasaba which was between Bāb al-Futūh in the north and Bāb al-Zuwayla in the south was the trading center of the city. Al-Qasaba is al-Mu'izz Street today which takes its name from the Fatimid Caliph al-Mu'izz li-Dinillah (341-364/953-975). The economic and social decline especially seen during the second half of the Mamlūks in the 15th century affected also the domestic markets stability and most of the sûqs disappeared depending on these conditions.

A Road Trip with Strabo

Mnemosyne ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-225
Author(s):  
Sarah Pothecary
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
Road Trip ◽  
Euphrates River ◽  
The Road ◽  
The North ◽  
South West ◽  
Explicit Reference ◽  
The City

A number of places that feature in Strabo’s description of the Asian peninsula were situated on the ancient road that ran between the Euphrates river and the city of Ephesus. It is likely that Strabo journeyed along the entire thousand-kilometre length of the road, even though he makes explicit reference to his presence in only a few locations. He most probably made the journey as a youth on his way to Roman Asia, in the south west of the peninsula, from Pontus in the north. Decades pass before Strabo, as an old man, writes the Geography and includes in it the memories of places he had visited. The outdated tone of some of his descriptions reflects this passage of time.

Tell el-Amarna, Spring 2017

2017 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-151
Author(s):  
Barry Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
The South ◽  
Initial Field ◽  
The North ◽  
Excavation Work ◽  
Field Season ◽  
The City

The spring 2017 season at Amarna focused on excavation at the large pit-grave cemetery adjacent to the North Tombs, the results of which support the suggestion, made after an initial field season in 2015, that this is a cemetery for a labour force involved in building and maintaining the city of Akhetaten. Post-excavation work was also undertaken on pottery from the Stone Village, reliefwork from Kom el-Nana and a new study of burial textiles from the South Tombs Cemetery.

Excavations at Carthage 1974: First Interim Report

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Hurst
Keyword(s):  
Second Temple ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Sixth Century ◽  
Interim Report ◽  
The South ◽  
City Wall ◽  
North Shore ◽  
The North ◽  
The City ◽  
Harbour Area

SummaryIn the first season of excavation by a British team participating in the UNESCO Save Carthage Project, two sites in the harbour area and one inland were examined. On the site on the island in the circular harbour, the remains probably of the νεώρια described by Appian succeeded earlier Punic occupation periods and were in turn followed by two successive Roman temples and a building, probably a pharos, associated with the second temple. After this, there appears to have been domestic or commercial occupation in the fifth and sixth centuries A.D. On the north shore of the circular harbour, remains of the late Roman quayside and associated streets and buildings were found. On the inland site, situated to the south of the Roman street grid, there were the remains of third–fifth-century and fifth–sixth-century buildings fronting a street and backed by a substantial wall identified as the city wall constructed in the reign of Theodosius II.

scholarly journals First Results and Perspectives of a New Archaeological Project in the Armenian Capital Artaxata: From Artashes-Artaxias I to Roman Imperialism

Electrum ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 245-276
Author(s):  
Achim Lichtenberger ◽  
Torben Schreiber ◽  
Mkrtich H. Zardaryan
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
Roman Imperialism ◽  
The North ◽  
Exact Function ◽  
First Results ◽  
Archaeological Project ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Roman Province ◽  
The City ◽  
Three Phases

The paper deals with the first results of the Armenian-German Artaxata Project which was initiated in 2018. The city of Artaxata was founded in the 2nd century BC as the capital of the Artaxiad kingdom. The city stretches over the 13 hills of the Khor Virap heights and the adjacent plain in the Ararat valley. The new project focusses on Hill XIII and the Lower city to the south and the north of it. This area was investigated by magnetic prospections in 2018 and on the basis of its results, in total eleven 5 × 5 m trenches were excavated in 2019. On the eastern part of Hill XIII several structures of possibly domestic function were uncovered. They were laid out according to a regular plan and in total three phases could be determined. According to 14C data, the first phase already dates to the 2nd century BC while the subsequent two phases continue into the 1st/2nd century AD. In the 2019 campaign, the overall layout and exact function of the structures could not be determined and more excavations will be undertaken in the forthcoming years. North of Hill XIII the foundations of piers of an unfinished Roman aqueduct on arches were excavated. This aqueduct is attributed to the period 114–117 AD when Rome in vain tried to establish the Roman province of Armenia with Artaxata being the capital.

scholarly journals Grecka diaspora w Poznaniu w XVIII i XIX w.

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 89-109
Author(s):  
Marcin Mikołajczyk
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Interesting Problem ◽  
The South ◽  
Good Order ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The City ◽  
Ethnic Origins ◽  
At Home

Greek diaspora in Poznan in the 18th and 19th century Poznań, one of the largest Polish cities, was frequently inhabited by citizens of other countries. One such nation were Greeks, who came to Poland for economic, political and geopolitical reasons. Ethnic origins of emigrants remains an interesting problem. The first information on Greeks in Poznań can be traced back to the 16th century. In the second half of the 17th century, the number of Greeks coming to the city increased. Emigrants occupied themselves mainly with (profitable) wine and Eastern goods trade. Greeks imported wine mostly from Hungary. From the moment they came, Greeks were considered unwelcome by local tradesmen. Municipal books and the books of the Merchants’ Guild are full of complaints on the incomers from the South. It was not until 1789, when the laws of the Commission of Good Order operating in Poznań, that the conditions of Greeks staying in Poznań had been regulated. The Poznań Greek community was established around 1750. Poznań Greeks were of the Christian Orthodox denomination. Services were held at home churches, the community also had its cemetery. The following people were the chaplains: Atanazy Korda, Konstantyn Chartofilax Okuta, Atanazy Sawicz and Zupanos. The Poznań Greek community was dissolved in 1909. The most well-known representative of the Poznań Greeks is Jan Konstanty Żupański, a bookseller and publisher.

scholarly journals Cavanaugh: A Late Prehistoric Platform Mound in Western Arkansas

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Late Prehistoric ◽  
The South ◽  
Ouachita Mountains ◽  
The West ◽  
Arkansas River ◽  
The North ◽  
Residential Neighborhood ◽  
Fort Smith ◽  
High Terrace ◽  
The City

Cavanaugh Mound (3SB3, also known as Etter's Mound, Jones Mound, Site Zeta, and occasionally misspelled Cavenaugh) is a largely intact Late Prehistoric platform mound on the Arkansas River just east of the Oklahoma border, about 14 km from the Spiro Mounds complex. The site is situated on a high terrace above the Arkansas River as it runs between the Ouachita Mountains to the south and the Ozarks to the north. The Poteau River enters the Arkansas River floodplain just west of Cavanaugh, creating one of the widest stretches of bottomland in the region. The area immediately around Cavanaugh Mound is now a residential neighborhood in the city of Fort Smith, and the mound itself is in a tiny lot with a church to the south, a trailer park to the east (named Indian Mounds Trailer Park), and a row of houses to the west. At about 60 m across and 9 m high, Cavanaugh Mound is one of the largest, if not the largest, prehistoric mound in the region. Very little has been published concerning this site, however, and very little formal archeological work has been done there. This article is partly intended to call attention to Cavanaugh Mound, and to compile all reports and descriptions of the mound in one publication. The first part of the article is therefore mostly descriptive. I also offer some tentative interpretations of the site and its possible relationship to the nearby Spiro and Skidgel sites. The size , shape, and stratigraphy of the mound all indicate that it was constructed and used in a manner similar to other Caddoan era platform mounds in the Arkansas River valley. The mound appears to be alone on the landscape, not connected to a group of surrounding mounds and not located within or near a contemporaneous settlement. It overlooks the Poteau/ Arkansas River bottoms to the west and was probably visible from both the Spiro and Skidgel sites in prehistoric times.

scholarly journals The 2018 Mw 7.5 Palu Earthquake: A Supershear Rupture Event Constrained by InSAR and Broadband Regional Seismograms

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Fang ◽  
Caijun Xu ◽  
Yangmao Wen ◽  
Shuai Wang ◽  
Guangyu Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Propagation ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Strike Direction ◽  
Slip Pulse ◽  
Rupture Model ◽  
Dip Angle ◽  
Total Seismic Moment ◽  
The City ◽  
North And South

The 28 September 2018 Mw 7.5 Palu earthquake occurred at a triple junction zone where the Philippine Sea, Australian, and Sunda plates are convergent. Here, we utilized Advanced Land Observing Satellite-2 (ALOS-2) interferometry synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data together with broadband regional seismograms to investigate the source geometry and rupture kinematics of this earthquake. Results showed that the 2018 Palu earthquake ruptured a fault plane with a relatively steep dip angle of ~85°. The preferred rupture model demonstrated that the earthquake was a supershear event from early on, with an average rupture speed of 4.1 km/s, which is different from the common supershear events that typically show an initial subshear rupture. The rupture expanded rapidly (~4.1 km/s) from the hypocenter and propagated bilaterally towards the north and south along the strike direction during the first 8 s, and then to the south. Four visible asperities were ruptured during the slip pulse propagation, which resulted in four significant deformation lobes in the coseismic interferogram. The maximum slip of 6.5 m was observed to the south of the city of Palu, and the total seismic moment released within 40 s was 2.64 × 1020 N·m, which was equivalent to Mw 7.55. Our results shed some light on the transtensional tectonism in Sulawesi, given that the 2018 Palu earthquake was dominated by left-lateral strike slip (slip maxima is 6.2 m) and that some significant normal faulting components (slip maxima is ~3 m) were resolved as well.

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