The earliest wheel-turned pottery in the Carpathian Basin

Antiquity ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (247) ◽  
pp. 358-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Romsauer
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Alpine Region ◽  
Carpathian Basin ◽  
Border Line ◽  
Classical World ◽  
River Danube ◽  
B2 Phase ◽  
Hallstatt Period ◽  
Hungarian Plain ◽  
Burial Rite

The Carpathian Basin and its chronologyThe Carpathian Basin (FIGURE 1), irrespective of its peripheral parts, was divided in the Hallstatt period into two major cultural–geographical units, with the river Danube forming the border line. Significant changes occurred in the whole region at the beginning of the 6th century BC. The development of local groups, reaching a climax about the turn of the 7th and 6th centuries BC, was interrupted. In the broader East Alpine region this break is documented by the desertion of the majority of fortified and open settlements, and is marked by the end of burials under barrows and in flat cemeteries (Romsauer in press; Teržan 1990: 120–21). Approximately in the same period objects of Scythian origin come into use in the Great Hungarian Plain, and the Vekerzug group formed with its specific manifestations in material culture, settlement pattern and burial rite. Its traces are distributed practically all over the Plain and reach southwestern Slovakia. The earliest finds are dated to the mid 6th century BC – about 560 BC (Párducz 1974: 330; Dusek 1974: 405). The independent development of the Vekerzug group was terminated by historical Celtic expansion at the beginning of the La Tène B2 phase, dated, in general, to the mid 4th century BC (Bujna 1982: 377f., 397f.). During its 200 years of existence, the Vekerzug group acted as an important cultural link between the regions within the reach of the expanding Classical world.

The Carpathian Mountain range and the enclosed interior

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabor Földvary
Keyword(s):  
Plate Tectonics ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Carpathian Basin ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Great Hungarian Plain ◽  
The Carpathians ◽  
Carpathian Mountain ◽  
Micro Plates ◽  
Basin System ◽  
Hungarian Plain

AbstractThe baffling duality of the Carpathian Mountain Range and the Basin it surrounds is briefly discussed. The various attempts at solving the nature of this duality, including plate tectonics with its micro-plates are mentioned. The component ranges of the Carpathians and the structural belts are given, followed by the discussion of the Carpathian Basin System, the Interior, consisting of the Great Hungarian Plain, Transdanubia, the two groups of Central Mountains, also the Apuseni (Bihar) Mountains and the Banat Contact Belt. Economic ore deposits are featured in the relevant sections.

scholarly journals Pántkarperecek a magyar honfoglalás korából

2018 ◽  
pp. 187-230
Author(s):  
Károly Mesterházy
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Carpathian Basin ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Manufacturing Technique ◽  
And Gender ◽  
In The Beginning

The author collected the material of ca. 250 find places by types. He examined the material, manufacturing technique, and chronology of the bracelets, as well as their distribution by social layers and gender, and their direct analogies in Russia and the Balkans. The ancient Hungarians of the Conquest period appeared in the Carpathian Basin with a new archaeological culture in the turn of the 9th and the 10th centuries. Band bracelets were characteristic pieces of this material culture. Today they are represented by three main types: 1. band with rounded terminals, 2. band with coiled terminals, 3. hinged band. The first type has many variants. The terminal of the bracelet can be disc-like rounded, but mostly it just ends in a semicircular form. The band can be undecorated, decorated with punched palmette-tendril ornaments, or sometimes with geometric (zigzag) motifs, and applied decoration can also appear at the end of the band. In the beginning of the 11th century only bronze bands occurred, with various punched dotted circle decorations. A punched hole can often be observed at both ends of the bands. This might have served for sewing the band on, however, others believe that a string threaded through the holes pulled the band together. The most frequent decorations of bracelets with coiled terminals are punched zigzag motifs, and sometimes palmette-tendrils also occurs. While the former type is frequent by both men and women, bracelets with twisted terminals rarely occur by men. Hinged bracelets either copied Byzantine antecedents, or they arrived as imports. The ends of the sleeves of the funerary dress, the cuffs were decorated by thin silver or gold ribbons that were sewed on the hem of the dress.

scholarly journals Climate Change Impacts on Environmental Hazards on the Great Hungarian Plain, Carpathian Basin

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Mezősi ◽  
Teodóra Bata ◽  
Burghard C. Meyer ◽  
Viktória Blanka ◽  
Zsuzsanna Ladányi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Environmental Hazards ◽  
Carpathian Basin ◽  
Great Hungarian Plain ◽  
Hungarian Plain

scholarly journals Eastern, Central and Western Hungary – variations of Neolithisation models

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 125-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eszter Bánffy
Keyword(s):  
Carpathian Basin ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Lake Balaton ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Alpine Foreland ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hungarian Plain

Until recent times, the Carpathian Basin was regarded as a uniform zone of neolithization. In the last few years it has become clear that at least three different types of transitions can be distinguished in the Eastern Plain (Alföld) region: one in the Jászság area with authentic Mesolithic sites, one in the northern, one in the northeastern fringes of the Körös distribution area, and a further one in the southern part of the Danube–Tisza Interfluve where the impact of the formative Vinča culture must also be reckoned with. All regions differ from each other, concerning the contacts with Mesolithic population and the phases of neolithisation. Regarding Transdanubia, the picture becomes even more complex. The transition to the Neolithic obviously differed in each region: in the Drava valley where the Starčevo presence was very intensive, in the marshland around Lake Balaton, in the Rába valley lying close to the Alpine foreland, in the northern Transdanubian Danube valley and in the Little Hungarian Plain. Rejecting the simplifying model the assumption of a mosaic-like series of variations in the neolithisation process is offered. The process of Neolithisation is thus is far from being unified in the various regions. This short study tries to seek different models of neolithisation behind the differences.

scholarly journals Thracians - Illyrians - Celts. Cultural connections in the northern Balkans in the 4th-3rd centuries BC

Starinar ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 33-52
Author(s):  
Aurel Rustoiu
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Carpathian Basin ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Collective Identities ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Economic Relationships ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Cultural Connections ◽  
North Western ◽  
Cultural Interactions

The result of the colonisation of the eastern and southern part of the Carpathian Basin by Celtic communities was the appearance of some new communities characterised by the cultural amalgamation of the newcomers with the indigenous populations, which led to the construction of new collective identities. At the same time, the ?colonists? established different social, political or economic relationships with different indigenous populations from the Balkans. This article discusses the practices related to the cultural interactions between the aforementioned communities and the ways in which these connections can be identified through the analysis of material culture from the eastern and southern Carpathian Basin, and the northern and north-western Balkans.

scholarly journals Tracing mobility patterns through the 6th-5th millennia BC in the Carpathian Basin with strontium and oxygen stable isotope analyses

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0242745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaux L. C. Depaermentier ◽  
Michael Kempf ◽  
Eszter Bánffy ◽  
Kurt W. Alt
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Carpathian Basin ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Stable Isotope Analyses ◽  
Oxygen Stable Isotope ◽  
Isotope Analyses

The complexity of Neolithic population movements and their interpretation through material culture have been the subject of archaeological research for decades. One of the dominant narratives proposes that groups from the Starčevo-Körös-Criş complex spread from the central towards the northern Balkans in the Early Neolithic and eventually brought the Neolithic lifestyle into present-day Hungary. Broad geographical migrations were considered to shape the continuous expansion of Neolithic groups and individuals. However, recent archaeological research, aDNA, and isotope analyses challenged the synchronous appearance of specific material culture distributions and human movement dynamics through emphasizing communication networks and socio-cultural transformation processes. This paper seeks to retrace the complexity of Neolithic mobility patterns across Hungary by means of strontium and oxygen stable isotope analyses, which were performed on a total of 718 human dental enamel samples from 55 Neolithic sites spanning the period from the Starčevo to the Balaton-Lasinja culture in Transdanubia and from the Körös to the Tiszapolgár cultural groups on the Great Hungarian Plain (Alföld). This study presents the largest strontium and oxygen isotope sample size for the Neolithic Carpathian Basin and discusses human mobility patterns on various geographical scales and throughout archaeological cultures, chronological periods, and sex and gender categories in a multiproxy analysis. Based on our results, we discuss the main stages of the Neolithisation processes and particularly trace individual movement behaviour such as exogamy patterns within extensive social networks. Furthermore, this paper presents an innovative differentiation between mobility patterns on small, micro-regional, and supra-regional scales, which provides new insights into the complex organisation of Neolithic communities.

The burden of being Mycenaean

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis A. De Mita
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
East Mediterranean ◽  
Classical World ◽  
Theoretical Evolution ◽  
City States ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Analytical Frameworks ◽  
Highly Evolved

Van Wijngaarden offers an important and instructive attempt to re-situate the study of Bronze Age ‘imports’ away from the dominance of prestige commodity studies, using the particularly thorny example of Mycenaean ceramics. Traditional approaches, as van Wijngaarden points out, have tended to assign a uniformity of value and unchallenged prestige status to all Mycenaean imports. The reason for this reflexive recourse to prestige in the presence of Mycenaean pottery has more perhaps to do with the evolution of the discipline of archaeology in the East Mediterranean and a desire to find a precursor to the highly evolved city states of the Classical world than to any objective assessment of the objects themselves. Analytical frameworks which contextualize imports and exotica into the greater scheme of a robust and diverse material culture are critical steps in the development of the theoretical evolution of the study of the Late Bonze Age. However, van Wijngaarden's efforts also illustrate the methodological challenges encountered when isolating a single subcategory of artefact for examination. The blame lies not so much with van Wijngaarden's analysis as with the problem of what can be said to constitute value in a prehistoric context and how value, once defined, can be kept separate from other interrelated concepts.

Słowiańskie osadnictwo w fazie plemiennej i wczesnopaństwowej (VII/VIII–XIII wiek) / Slavic settlement in the Tribal and Early State phase (7th/8th–13th centuries)

2020 ◽  
pp. 151-171
Author(s):  
Bartłomiej Szmoniewski ◽  
Krzysztof Tunia
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Local Power ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Political Role ◽  
Early State ◽  
The Carpathians ◽  
Vistula River ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Burial Rite

After the Early Slavic period a number of changes took place, which was manifested, among others, in the construction of strongholds – fortified seats of local power. This stage of Slavic development, lasting approximately 200 years from the turn of the 7th and 8th century on, is called the Tribal phase. At that time, the areas of western Lesser Poland belonged to the Vistulan tribe. Their central seat was the stronghold on Wawel Hill in Kraków. At the end of the 10th century the Piasts began to play an active military and political role in the Vistula River basin. Their successful expansion gave rise to the Early State phase. After 966, as Christianity progressed, inhumation replaced cremation as the burial rite. The oldest row-arranged cemeteries were founded on the upper Vistula from the turn of the 10th and 11th centuries. They were used until end of the 12th century, or longer. Two such cemeteries were examined in the study area, in Wawrzeńczyce and Stręgoborzyce. They were abandoned with the consolidation of the parish network and the establishment of church cemeteries in the 13th century. Material culture of the Tribal phase – besides native production – yielded artifacts indicating contacts with areas south of the Carpathians, with the nomadic Avars and, after their fall, with Hungarians.

Sarmatians on the Borders of the Roman Empire

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-402
Author(s):  
Eszter Istvánovits ◽  
Valéria Kulcsár
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Great Hungarian Plain ◽  
Geographical Environment ◽  
Foreign Ideas ◽  
Hungarian Plain

Abstract The Jazygi, the westernmost tribe of the steppe Sarmatian coalition, migrated to the Great Hungarian Plain in the 1st century AD followed by several later waves. Their material culture changed in some generations, for they arrived into a completely new political and geographical environment and were separated from their steppe relatives. For several generations Hungarian scholarship has been dealing with a search for the eastern roots of the Alföld Sarmatians. Our study summarises this research, dealing also with some cultural phenomena imported from the Romans and with the possible ways of re-interpretation of the foreign ideas.

The Earliest Cremation Burials in the South-Eastern Alpine Region from the Middle Bronze Age – Signs of Intercultural Connections with the Northern Carpathian Basin

2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 447-490
Author(s):  
Brina Škvor Jernejčič
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Alpine Region ◽  
Carpathian Basin ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
The South ◽  
Burial Practices ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
Tisza River ◽  
The Bronze Age

AbstractThe article considers cremation graves from the site of Podsmreka near Višnja Gora (Slovenia). Based on the analysis of their pottery, it could be shown that the graves can be dated to the Middle Bronze Age period (Br B2/C1) and thus represent one of the oldest cremation burials of the Bronze Age in Slovenia. First, the ceramic finds from the radiocarbon dated settlement contexts are discussed in order to reach a more exact chronological framework for the vessel forms from graves. A synthesis of all Middle Bronze Age graves, both inhumations and cremations, from central and eastern Slovenia allows us to get a better understanding of when the change in burial practices occurred. Surprisingly, the best analogies for the vessels from graves at Podsmreka near Višnja Gora can be found in the northern Carpathian Basin, where we observe a long-standing tradition of cremation burials. The analysis of radiocarbon samples from two graves from Šafárikovo in Slovakia allowed us to verify the absolute chronology of urn amphorae vessels with particular form and decoration, which we can date between the second half of the 16th and the first half of the 15th century BC. Such astonishing correspondences in the pottery between the northern Carpathian Basin and the south-eastern Alpine region seem to indicate that the very area of the Upper Tisza river, and the territory of the Piliny Culture, played a crucial role in the transmission of new burial practices, not only to Slovenia, but also across wider areas along the Sava and Drava rivers on the distribution area of the Virovitica group.

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