scholarly journals Is advice for breakfast consumption justified? Results from a short-term dietary and metabolic experiment in young healthy men

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambroise Martin ◽  
Sylvie Normand ◽  
Monique Sothier ◽  
Jocelyne Peyrat ◽  
Corinne Louche-Pelissier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Macronutrient Composition ◽  
Triacylglycerol Concentration ◽  
Current Advice ◽  
Blood Variables

Short-term (2 weeks) effects of the consumption of a high-energy (2920 kJ (700 kcal)) or low-energy (418 kJ (100 kcal)) breakfast on dietary patterns, blood variables and energy expenditure (indirect calorimetry) were compared in ten free-living healthy young men in a crossover study. During the high-energy breakfast, total energy intake was increased, the intake of protein and lipids was unchanged but the intake of carbohydrates was increased. Thus, 48 (SD 4) % OF ENERGY CAME FROM CARBOHYDRATES IN THE HIGH-ENERGY BREAKFAST COMPARED WITH 42 (sd 5) % in the low-energy breakfast. Excluding breakfast, the macronutrient composition of the diet remained identical in the two situations. After the high-energy breakfast, fasting serum triacylglycerol concentration was higher and HDL-cholesterol concentration was lower than after the low-energy breakfast. A high glycaemic response was observed in the morning after the high-energy breakfast period, while there was a peak of free fatty acids after the low-energy breakfast. The high-energy breakfast induced a strong inhibition of fat oxidation throughout the day. Although long-term adaptation to a high-energy breakfast cannot be excluded, the high-energy breakfast in this study did not appear to be favourable to health. Our results do not support the current advice to consume more energy at breakfast.

scholarly journals TAILA DHARA IN NIDRANASHA W.S.R. TO INSOMNIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumit Raosaheb Patil
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Deep Sleep ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Disturbed Sleep ◽  
The Mind

ABSTRACT Ayurveda says Nidra yuktam Sukham Dukkham, In fact, it says that sleep is one of the three pillars of health. Insomnia or Nidranasha, is not just about being not getting proper sleep but it means that the nervous system has been weakened and reduces our ability to cope up with daily sleep. Insomnia is named as Nidranasha, happens due to vitiation of Kapha, Pitta and Vata dosha. Proper and deep sleep helps the person keep Energetic, Enthusiastic, does Brumhana, increases the Bala, increases vigour and vitality and most it keeps the Mind in stable state for gaining knowledge. Insomnia means inability to get sleep at night or inability to have a restful and sound sleep. Insomnia is typically followed by daytime sleepiness, low energy, irritability, and a depressed mood. Insomnia can be short term, lasting for days or weeks, or long term, lasting more than a month. Insomnia can occur independently or as a result of another problem. Conditions that can result in insomnia include psychological stress, chronic pain, heart failure, hyperthyroidism, heartburn, Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, Arthritis, menopause, and certain medications, and drugs such as caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol. Treatment of Insomnia:- Panchakarma â€“ Taila dhara a type of Shirodhara is very much useful in combacting the Insomnia caused due to various above said disorders. So its a demand of time to know about the real sleep and the disturbed sleep according to Ayurveda and Mordern medicines also and effect of Taila Dhara Brahmi,Jatamamsi siddha) in treating Insomnia.

Paleocommunity information retrieval vs. shell accumulation mode in Paleozoic carbonates: examples from the Lebanon Limestone (Middle Ordovician), Tennessee, U.S.A.

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 81-81
Author(s):  
David J. Davies ◽  
Molly F. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Sediment Surface ◽  
Time Averaging ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Diagenetic Alteration ◽  
Shell Beds ◽  
Carbonate Shell ◽  
Shell Bed

Compared to their terrigenous counterparts, carbonate shell accumulations have until recently been relatively little studied to determine either descriptive or genetic classifications of shell bed types, the preservation potential of each type, or their relative ability to preserve community-level information. A partial classification of Paleozoic carbonate shell-rich soft sediment accumulations is proposed using sedimentation patterns in the Lebanon limestone of the Stones River Group. Paleoecological information preserved therein is then contrasted by shell bed type. The Lebanon represents typical Ordovician shallow to moderate subtidal carbonate shelf deposits in outcrops flanking the Nashville Dome and peritidal deposits in the Sequatchie Anticline of Eastern Tennessee; shell beds alternate with shell poor sediments (micrites, wackestones and diagenetically enhanced dolomites and clay-rich partings).None of the analyzed shell beds was strictly biological in origin; most are sedimentological although >10% are combined sedimentological/diagenetic. While the majority are single simple shell beds, >20% are amalgamated. All are thin (1 shell to 15 cm) stringers that pinch and swell showing poor lateral continuity (outcrop scale, tens to hundreds of meters) likely enhanced by burial dissolution. These shell beds differ greatly in fabric (packing/sorting), clast composition, taphonomic signature, and intensity of time averaging; thus community information retrieval is biased in predictable patterns. Virtually no shell beds show common shell dissolution or encrustation from long-term sediment surface exposure or hardground formation. Five major categories of accumulation are herein proposed using a DESCRIPTIVE, non-genetic terminology modified from previous works of DJD, as well as a Genetic interpretation for each. These are easily distinguished in the field and are also discriminated by Q-mode cluster analysis.Categories include, in decreasing frequency of occurrence: 1. SHELL GRAVELS; Storm/“event” beds: Sharp bases; poorly sorted coarse basal bioclasts and/or intraclasts, often with no preferred orientation; clasts fine upward to comminuted shell material and micrite. Horizontal platy brachiopods often cap the beds. High diversity and a wide range in shell alteration is represented, from whole unaltered brachiopods to minor abraded fragments, indicating extreme time averaging and poor resolution of short-term community dynamics. 2. COMMINUTED SHELLY LS; Current/ripple concentrations: Small tidal channel fill and discrete ripple trough accumulations are composed of cross-stratified bioclastic deposits with local concentrations of rip-ups. Beds are not graded; typically clasts are abraded, rounded and concordant with cross-beds. Intense time averaging and mixing of discrete communities is inferred due to continual reworking in these background deposits. 3. SHELL/CEMENT LS; Early cementation beds: Intense early diagenetic alteration is inferred due to red discoloration and rapid intergranular cementation; some beds show diagenetic micritic rinds. Beds may be brecciated and show deep burial stylolitization cutting bioclasts and cement. They may represent zones of preferred early cementation rather than a change in shell accumulation rate. Many shells from some beds show little postmortem alteration; these units may preserve much of the original community structure. 4. DENSE SHELL PAVEMENTS; Subtidal surficial pavements: Single layers of shells, commonly concave down, overlie mudstones/wackestones with no basal erosion. No obrution deposits were noted. Bioclasts are typically disarticulated and reoriented, but are not substantially abraded, broken, or dissolved. Diversity is low. Only minor temporal and lateral community mixing with small environmental fluctuation is indicated. 5. VERTICALLY IMBRICATE SHELLY LS; High energy beach zones: Platy whole and major fragments of brachiopods are deposited in low diversity, high angle imbricate beds. Less postmortem reworking and time averaging is evident compared to types 1 and 2.Thus, the most common (physically reworked) shell bed types show the most intense loss of short-term paleocommunity information. There are surprisingly few insitu community pavements or obligate long-term accumulations. This pattern differs from some described Ordovician carbonates, which may contain common community beds or hardgrounds/hiatal accumulations. This implies a relatively low rate of net sediment accumulation on a shallow, periodically wave swept shelf, and no major flooding surfaces or other indications of significant sea level change. Delineation of the sequence stratigraphic position of these carbonates is enhanced from this type of integrated community/biostratinomic analysis.

scholarly journals Short-term effects of tourism on the behaviour of common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) in the Azores

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 1187-1196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arianna Cecchetti ◽  
Karen A. Stockin ◽  
Jonathan Gordon ◽  
José M.N. Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Common Dolphin ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Delphinus Delphis ◽  
Critical Activity ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Common Dolphins

Short-term measures of behavioural responses of cetaceans to tourism operations have been used in many studies to interpret and understand potential long-term impacts of biological importance. The short-beaked common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) is the species most frequently observed in the Azores and constitutes an important component of the marine mammal tourism industry in this region. This study investigated the potential effects of tour boats on the behaviour of common dolphins off São Miguel, Azores, with particular focus on the changes in activity budget and the time required to resume activities after a tour boat interaction. Behavioural data were collected from land using a group focal-follow methodology. Markov chains were applied to analyse control and interaction sequences and to assess behavioural transition probabilities in both scenarios. In the presence of tour boats, dolphins significantly reduced the time spent foraging and increased the time engaged in other high energy activities. Dolphins also took significantly longer to resume feeding after an interaction occurred. The average bout length varied significantly between control and interaction scenarios, with foraging bouts being shorter during tour boats interactions. The results presented have management implications since feeding is a biologically critical activity. Disruption of foraging behaviour could lead to a decrease in energy intake for this population. With cetacean tourism likely to increase in the future, a precautionary approach to issuing new licences is advisable and any expansion would warrant an appropriate monitoring programme.

scholarly journals Energetics and fear of humans constrain the spatial ecology of pumas

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (5) ◽  
pp. e2004592118
Author(s):  
Barry A. Nickel ◽  
Justin P. Suraci ◽  
Anna C. Nisi ◽  
Christopher C. Wilmers
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Spatial Ecology ◽  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Space Use ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Energetic Costs

Energetic demands and fear of predators are considered primary factors shaping animal behavior, and both are likely drivers of movement decisions that ultimately determine the spatial ecology of wildlife. Yet energetic constraints on movement imposed by the physical landscape have only been considered separately from those imposed by risk avoidance, limiting our understanding of how short-term movement decisions scale up to affect long-term space use. Here, we integrate the costs of both physical terrain and predation risk into a common currency, energy, and then quantify their effects on the short-term movement and long-term spatial ecology of a large carnivore living in a human-dominated landscape. Using high-resolution GPS and accelerometer data from collared pumas (Puma concolor), we calculated the short-term (i.e., 5-min) energetic costs of navigating both rugged physical terrain and a landscape of risk from humans (major sources of both mortality and fear for our study population). Both the physical and risk landscapes affected puma short-term movement costs, with risk having a relatively greater impact by inducing high-energy but low-efficiency movement behavior. The cumulative effects of short-term movement costs led to reductions of 29% to 68% in daily travel distances and total home range area. For male pumas, long-term patterns of space use were predominantly driven by the energetic costs of human-induced risk. This work demonstrates that, along with physical terrain, predation risk plays a primary role in shaping an animal’s “energy landscape” and suggests that fear of humans may be a major factor affecting wildlife movements worldwide.

scholarly journals The Effect of Ingested Macronutrients on Postprandial Ghrelin Response: A Critical Review of Existing Literature Data

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chrysi Koliaki ◽  
Alexander Kokkinos ◽  
Nicholas Tentolouris ◽  
Nicholas Katsilambros
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Hormones ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Vagal Activity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Macronutrient Composition ◽  
Gastric Emptying Rate ◽  
Gut Hormone ◽  
Variable Extent ◽  
Term Energy

Ghrelin is a powerful orexigenic gut hormone with growth hormone releasing activity. It plays a pivotal role for long-term energy balance and short-term food intake. It is also recognized as a potent signal for meal initiation. Ghrelin levels rise sharply before feeding onset, and are strongly suppressed by food ingestion. Postprandial ghrelin response is totally macronutrient specific in normal weight subjects, but is rather independent of macronutrient composition in obese. In rodents and lean individuals, isoenergetic meals of different macronutrient content suppress ghrelin to a variable extent. Carbohydrate appears to be the most effective macronutrient for ghrelin suppression, because of its rapid absorption and insulin-secreting effect. Protein induces prolonged ghrelin suppression and is considered to be the most satiating macronutrient. Fat, on the other hand, exhibits rather weak and insufficient ghrelin-suppressing capacity. The principal mediators involved in meal-induced ghrelin regulation are glucose, insulin, gastrointestinal hormones released in the postabsorptive phase, vagal activity, gastric emptying rate, and postprandial alterations in intestinal osmolarity.

Low High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol to Monitor Long-Term Average Increased Triglycerides

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. e1657-e1666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Langsted ◽  
Anne Marie Reimer Jensen ◽  
Anette Varbo ◽  
Børge G Nordestgaard
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Remnant Cholesterol ◽  
Low Hdl

Abstract Context Increased triglyceride-rich remnants represent a causal risk factor for ischemic cardiovascular disease. Objective We tested the hypothesis that low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol can be used to monitor long-term high triglycerides/remnant cholesterol, just as high hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) can be used to monitor long-term high glucose levels. Design, Setting, Participants, and Interventions We studied cross-sectionally 108 731 individuals, dynamically 1313 individuals with lipid measurement at 10 repeated visits, short-term 305 individuals during a fat load, and long-term 10 479 individuals with 2 lipid measurements 10 years apart. Main Outcome Measures Levels of HDL cholesterol and triglycerides. Results Cross-sectionally, HDL cholesterol was inversely associated with triglycerides (R2 = 0.26) and remnant cholesterol (R2 = 0.26). Dynamically, major changes in triglyceride levels from measurement to measurement were mimicked by corresponding modest changes in HDL cholesterol. In the short-term after a fat load, median triglycerides increased 96% while HDL cholesterol decreased only 1%. Long-term, in individuals with measurements 10 years apart, those who initially had the highest triglycerides and corresponding lowest HDL cholesterol, still had highest triglycerides and lowest HDL cholesterol 10 years later. Prospectively, individuals with increased triglycerides/remnant cholesterol had increased risk of myocardial infarction; however, when the HDL cholesterol monitoring was removed, increased triglycerides/remnant cholesterol were largely no longer associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction. Conclusions Low HDL cholesterol is a stable marker of average high triglycerides/remnant cholesterol. This suggests that low HDL cholesterol can be used to monitor long-term average high triglycerides and remnant cholesterol, analogous to high HbA1c as a long-term monitor of average high glucose levels.

Long-term effect of selection for litter size and feeding programme on the performance of reproductive rabbit does 1. Pregnancy of multiparous does

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 739-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Quevedo ◽  
C. Cervera ◽  
E. Blas ◽  
M. Baselga ◽  
J. J. Pascual
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Medium Energy ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Low Energy Diet

AbstractA total of 166 crossbred does were used to study the possible long term effect of two types of crossbred does (H1 v. H2, old and current generations, respectively) from the cross of different generations of lines selected for litter size, the use of a feeding programme based on a low-energy diet during the rearing and the administration of a high-energy diet during reproductive life, on the performance and body condition of multiparous pregnant does. Selection did not affect the live weight (LW) of does at the effective artificial insemination (AI; 4257 g), the LW change (+12·3 g/day) and food intake (172 g dry matter (DM) per day) until the 28th day of pregnancy. However, H2 does showed greater LW losses during the pre-partum period than H1 does (120+g;P<0·05), perhaps related to their higher prolificacy (+1·1 total pups born;P<0·05). H2 does showed a higher perirenal fat thickness (PFT) at first AI (+0·12 mm;P<0·05) than H1 does, these differences disappearing at effective AI. Females given a high-energy reproduction diet showed a lower LW at effective AI than those receiving a medium-energy diet (4210, 4305 g, respectively;P<0·05). However, type of reproduction diet did not affect the LW and PFT changes of pregnancy does, reaching partum with a similar PFT (8·83 v. 8·93 mm) and maintaining the differences in LW. Pregnant does given high-energy diet consumed 20 g DM and 1·4 g digestible protein per day less than does receiving medium-energy diet until the 28th day of pregnancy, but their digestible energy (DE) intake was significantly higher (+78 kJ DE per day;P<0·05). Does given high-energy diet showed a significantly lower litter size at birth (−0·7 pups;P<0·05), although there were no significant differences in the number of pups born alive (9·54 and 9·76 pups for high and medium-energy diets, respectively). Pups from does given high-energy diet were slightly weightier than those from medium-energy diet (+5·4 g;P<0·05). Multiparous pregnant does that received a low-energy diet ad libitum during the rearing period and first pregnancy showed a higher LW at effective AI (+137 g LW;P<0·05) but a lower PFT (−0·26 mm;P<0·05) than those females that received a medium-energy diet restricted during this same period. These differences were maintained at parturition (+142 g LW and −0·20 mm;P<0·05). Feeding programme during rearing affected neither the food intake of multiparous pregnant does until the 28th day of pregnancy, nor the litter size and weight at birth. The interval between parturitions was not affected by the selection for litter size or the reproduction diet received, but was longer for does that received the low-energy diet ad libitum during the rearing period (+2·9 days;P<0·05). In conclusion, rabbit selection programmes by litter size seem to be working well, but high energy reproduction diets, frequently used to cover their higher energy requirements, must be used carefully out of lactation in the long term to avoid a reduction in litter size.

scholarly journals Purified Anthocyanin Supplementation Improves Endothelial Function via NO-cGMP Activation in Hypercholesterolemic Individuals

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 1524-1533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanna Zhu ◽  
Min Xia ◽  
Yan Yang ◽  
Fengqiong Liu ◽  
Zhongxia Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Aortic Ring ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Ring Model ◽  
Vascular Adhesion ◽  
Rat Aortic Ring Model

BACKGROUND Anthocyanins have been shown to improve endothelial function in animal models. However, whether these compounds have similar beneficial effects in humans is largely unknown. METHODS In a short-term crossover study, 12 hypercholesterolemic individuals were given oral anthocyanins (320 mg) isolated from berries or placebo. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was assessed before and after the intervention. In a long-term intervention trial (12 weeks), 150 hypercholesterolemic individuals were given anthocyanins (320 mg/day, n = 75) or placebo (n = 75), after which we measured FMD, plasma cGMP, and other serum biomarkers. Another short-term intervention was conducted in the presence of NO-cGMP inhibitors in 6 people and in a rat aortic ring model (n = 8). RESULTS Significant increases of FMD from 8.3% (0.6%) at baseline to 11.0% (0.8%) at 1 h and 10.1% (0.9%) at 2 h were observed after short-term anthocyanin consumption, concomitantly with increases of plasma anthocyanin concentrations (P &lt; 0.05). In the study participants who received long-term anthocyanin intervention, compared with the control group, we observed significant increases in the FMD (28.4% vs 2.2%), cGMP (12.6% vs −1.2%), and HDL-cholesterol concentrations, but decreases in the serum soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1 and LDL cholesterol concentrations (P &lt; 0.05). The changes in the cGMP and HDL cholesterol concentrations positively correlated with FMD in the anthocyanin group (P &lt; 0.05). In the presence of NO-cGMP inhibitors, the effects of anthocyanin on endothelial function were abolished in human participants and in a rat aortic ring model. CONCLUSIONS Anthocyanin supplementation improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation in hypercholesterolemic individuals. This effect involves activation of the NO-cGMP signaling pathway, improvements in the serum lipid profile, and decreased inflammation.

MONITORING OF HIGH-ENERGY PHOTON FLUENCE IN CLINAC USING Zn AND Cr PHOTOACTIVATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 184 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-200
Author(s):  
Kh Haddad ◽  
O Anjak ◽  
B Yousef ◽  
M Ammar
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Photon ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Energy Photon ◽  
Microelectronic Devices ◽  
Photon Dose ◽  
Photon Fluence

Abstract Monitoring of high-energy photon dose in radiation therapy is crucial for radiation protection, as well as to estimate the radiation effects in the operating microelectronic devices. The aim of this work was to investigate the possibility of using the photoactivation technique to monitor the high-energy photon fluence in the Varian 21EX 23MV CLINAC. The 52Cr(γ,n)51Cr and 66Zn(γ,n)65Zn reactions were used. It was found that 51Cr and 65Zn can be used successfully to monitor the fluence for short term (80 days) and long term (110 days), respectively.

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