scholarly journals The role of apolipoprotein E and glucose intolerance in gallstone disease in middle aged subjects

Gut ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Niemi ◽  
K Kervinen ◽  
A Rantala ◽  
H Kauma ◽  
M Päivänsalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Apolipoprotein E ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Gallstone Disease ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Middle Aged

BACKGROUNDThe polymorphism of apolipoprotein E has been suggested to be associated with the cholesterol content of gallstones, the crystallisation rate of gall bladder bile, and the prevalence of gallstone disease (GSD).AIMSTo investigate whether apolipoprotein E polymorphism modulates the susceptibility to GSD at the population level and to study the possible associations between impaired glucose tolerance, diabetes, and GSD.METHODSApolipoprotein E phenotypes were determined in a middle aged cohort of 261 randomly selected hypertensive men, 259 control men, 257 hypertensive women, and 267 control women. All subjects without a documented history of diabetes were submitted to a two hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). GSD was verified by ultrasonography.RESULTSIn women with apolipoprotein E2 (phenotypes E2/2, 2/3, and 2/4) compared with women without E2 (E3/3, 4/3, and 4/4), the odds ratio for GSD was 0.28 (95% confidence interval 0.08–0.92). There was no protective effect in men. The relative risk for GSD was 1.2 (0.8–1.7) for hypertensive women and 1.8 (1.0–2.7) for hypertensive men. In a stepwise multiple logistic regression model, E2 protected against GSD in women, whereas two hour blood glucose in the OGTT, serum insulin, and plasma triglycerides were risk factors. Elevated blood glucose during the OGTT was also a significant risk factor for GSD in men.CONCLUSIONSThe data suggest that apolipoprotein E2 is a genetic factor providing protection against GSD in women. In contrast, impaired glucose tolerance and frank diabetes are associated with the risk of GSD.

scholarly journals Diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in urban adult population

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Rodrigues Júnior ◽  
Sandra Cristina Nicodemo Gaban ◽  
Elenir Rose Jardim Cury Pontes ◽  
Celso Correia Souza ◽  
Lilian Patussi Gimenes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes

Objective: Estimating the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in the urban population aged between 30 and 69 years in the municipality of Campo Grande, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Methods: Population-based cross-sectional study conducted between October/2009 and February/2011. The investigation included the determination of fasting glucose and participants with blood glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL were considered diabetic. Nondiabetic patients, which showed blood glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL and < 200 mg/dL, underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to investigate whether they had DM or IGT. Results: 1.429 individuals participated in this investigation. The general prevalence, adjusted for sex and age, were: 12.3% for DM (95%CI: 10.5 to 13.9%) and 7.1% for IGT (95%CI: 5.7 to 8.4%). There was a higher prevalence of DM with increasing age in people with low educational level, family history of diabetes, overweight, obesity and central obesity. Among diabetic patients (n = 195), 25% were unaware they had the disease and were diagnosed through investigation. Among patients who already knew they had DM (n = 146), 37% were unaware of the potential chronic complications. Conclusion: This study confirms the increased prevalence of DM in Brazil and emphasizes the need for early diagnosis, as well as the importance of strict adherence to medical treatment in order to prevent its much feared complications.

scholarly journals Blackthorn Flower Extract Impact on Glycaemic Homeostasis in Normoglycemic and Alloxan-Induced Hyperglycaemic C57BL/6 Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Crnić ◽  
Tajana Frančić ◽  
Petar Dragičević ◽  
Vedran Balta ◽  
Verica Dragović-Uzelac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Flower Extract ◽  
Prunus Spinosa

Research background. The use of plants and their extracts in treatments of chronic diseases is widely known in traditional medicine. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of 10-day consumption of Prunus spinosa L. flower extract on blood glucose, glycaemic load, serum α-amlyase and serum insulin, in normoglycaemic and hypergycaemic (alloxan) mice model. Experimental approach. Normoglycemic and hyperglycemic (alloxan treated, 150 mg/kg body mass) C57BL/6 mice were treated daily, during 10 days, with Prunus spinosa L. flower extract by gavage. The sugar content within extract was determined by HPLC analysis. In mice, blood and serum blood glucose level and OGTT-test were determined by blood glucometer. Serum insulin was determined by ELISA assay and α-amlyase by colourimetric assay. Results and conclusions. The Prunus spinosa L. flower extract increased glucose in normoglycaemic mice by 30 % after 1st and 5th day and by 17 % after 10th day of consumption in normoglycaemic mice. It is a consequence of released sugars because sugar analysis revealed 59.8 mg/L monosaccharides, mainly fructose (55.7 mg/L) and glucose (24.3 mg/L) within the extract. On the opposite, the extract consumption, reduced serum blood glucose in alloxan-induced hyperglycaemic mice by 29 % after 10 days of treatment. Oral glucose tolerance test also confirmed that that in the hyperglycaemic group treated with Prunus spinosa L. flower extract glucose homeostasis was improved and showed decrease in blood glucose, since the blood glucose over the period of 120 min, glucose homeostasis is faster achieved after treatment with shows that in Prunus spinosa L. flower extract. Serum insulin increased by 49 % and serum alpha amylase by 46 % after 10 days of treatment with Prunus spinosa L. flower extract in hyperglycaemic group. Thus, it can be concluded that Prunus spinosa L. flower extract improved glucose tolerance, enhanced insulin secretion and lowered serum α-amylase activity. Novelty and scientific contribution. The results examined for the first time the potential of Prunus spinosa L. flower extract in hyperglycaemia management.

scholarly journals Insulin response and changes in composition of non-esterified fatty acids in blood plasma of middle-aged men following isoenergetic fatty and carbohydrate breakfasts

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 737-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Frape ◽  
N. R. Williams ◽  
K. L. H. Carpenter ◽  
M. A. Freeman ◽  
C. R. Palmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids

It was previously shown that a high plasma concentration of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) persisted after a fatty breakfast, but not after an isoenergetic carbohydrate breakfast, adversely affecting glucose tolerance. The higher concentration after the fatty breakfast may in part have been a result of different mobilization rates of fatty acids. This factor can be investigated as NEFA mobilized from tissues are monounsaturated to a greater extent than those deposited from a typical meal. Twenty-four middle-aged healthy Caucasian men were given oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT), and for 28 d isoenergetic breakfasts of similar fat composition but of low (L) or moderate (M) fat content. The composition of NEFA in fasting and postprandial plasma was determined on days 1 and 29. No significant treatment differences in fasting NEFA composition occurred on day 29. During the OGTT and 0–1 h following breakfast there was an increase in plasma long-chain saturated NEFA but a decrease in monounsaturated NEFA (μg/100 μg total NEFA; P<0·001). Between 1 and 3 h following breakfast treatment differences occurred for total saturated and total monounsaturated fatty acids (μg/100 μg total NEFA; P<0·05), expressed as an increase in 18 : 1 and decreases in 16 : 0 and 17 : 0 in treatment M relative to treatment L (P<0·05). Serum insulin attained 35 and 65 mU/l in treatments M and L respectively during this period. Negative correlations were found between 16 : 0 in fasting plasma and both waist:hip circumference (P=0·0009) and insulin response curve area during OGTT (within treatment M, P=0·0001). It is concluded that a normal postprandial insulin response is associated with a rapid change in plasma saturated:monounsaturated NEFA. It is proposed that this change is the result of a variable suppression of fat mobilization, which may partly account for a large difference in postprandial total plasma NEFA between fatty and carbohydrate meals.

A short bout of stair climbing–descending exercise attenuates postprandial hyperglycemia in middle-aged males with impaired glucose tolerance

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuo Takaishi ◽  
Kenro Imaeda ◽  
Tsutomu Tanaka ◽  
Toshio Moritani ◽  
Tatsuya Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Postprandial Hyperglycemia ◽  
Moderate Level ◽  
Stair Climbing ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Short Bout ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations

Exercise is a useful modality to ameliorate postprandial hyperglycemia. Here we show that a short bout (∼6 min) of stair climbing–descending exercise (STAIR) starting at 90 min after meal accelerates the decrease in blood glucose concentrations in middle-aged sedentary men with impaired glucose tolerance, although STAIR is easy to perform and keeps the exercise intensity at a moderate level.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study of impaired glucose tolerance amongst undergraduate medical students

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
Kavisha Singh ◽  
Aniruddha A. Malgaonkar ◽  
Dinesh R. Samel
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Junk Food ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Diabetes is an important chronic disease both in terms of prevalence and associated morbidity and early mortality. Mortality rates in diabetics are two- to threefold higher than those without diabetes. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is preceded by a period of abnormal glucose homeostasis and hence early diagnosis is important in decreasing this morbidity and mortality. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is currently the gold standard for the diagnosis of diabetes.Methods: This cross sectional single observer study was conducted amongst all the undergraduate students and interns of a municipal medical college to assess the point prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance and the factors predisposing to the same. After necessary permissions, participants giving written informed consent were interviewed and participants were subjected to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and their heights, weights were measured.Results: None of the participants had an increased fasting blood glucose but 30 min, 60 min and 90 min post OGTT blood glucose levels were increased in 9 (11.84%) participants and 120 min post OGTT blood glucose was increased in 15 (19.73%) participants. Increase in Body Mass Index (BMI) shows a positive correlation with fasting (r=0.155) and 120 min post OGTT blood glucose (r=0.042). Increase in weekly junk food servings shows a positive correlation with fasting (r=0.014), 90 min (r=0.004) and 120 min post OGTT blood glucose (r=0.009).Conclusions: Impaired glucose tolerance was present in a substantial number of non-diabetic students and had a correlation with BMI, exercise and junk food intake.

Antihypertensive Drugs and Glucose Metabolism: A Comparison between a Diuretic and Felodipine, a New Calcium Antagonist, when Added to a Beta-Blocker in Non-Diabetic Hypertensive Women

1994 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-73
Author(s):  
C. Bengtsson ◽  
L. Lapidus
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Calcium Antagonist ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Beta Blocker ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose

Felodipine,1 a vascular selective antihypertensive calcium antagonist, was compared with hydrochlorothiazide, a diuretic, with respect to glucose tolerance. An open crossover study was performed comprising 16 non-diabetic hypertensive women (age range 59–75 years). The women continued to take a beta-blocker as a basal therapy. Each treatment period lasted three months. The blood pressure was similar irrespective of treatment. Blood glucose values were not significantly different during the oral glucose tolerance test. Serum insulin levels after glucose administration were lower when the patients were treated with felodipine than when taking hydrochlorothiazide. A possible explanation for this observation may be an increased insulin release as a consequence of treatment with a diuretic in order to maintain normal blood glucose levels during the glucose tolerance test. Felodipine appears preferable to hydrochlorothiazide as an addition to a beta blocker in hypertensive patients from a glucose metabolism point of view.

Caffeine ingestion elevates plasma insulin response in humans during an oral glucose tolerance test

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (7) ◽  
pp. 559-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry E Graham ◽  
Premila Sathasivam ◽  
Mary Rowland ◽  
Natasha Marko ◽  
Felicia Greer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Caffeine Ingestion ◽  
C Peptide

We tested the hypothesis that caffeine ingestion results in an exaggerated response in blood glucose and (or) insulin during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Young, fit adult males (n = 18) underwent 2 OGTT. The subjects ingested caffeine (5 mg/kg) or placebo (double blind) and 1 h later ingested 75 g of dextrose. There were no differences between the fasted levels of serum insulin, C peptide, blood glucose, or lactate and there were no differences within or between trials in these measures prior to the OGTT. Following the OGTT, all of these parameters increased (P [Formula: see text] 0.05) for the duration of the OGTT. Caffeine ingestion resulted in an increase (P [Formula: see text] 0.05) in serum fatty acids, glycerol, and plasma epinephrine prior to the OGTT. During the OGTT, these parameters decreased to match those of the placebo trial. In the caffeine trial the serum insulin and C peptide concentrations were significantly greater (P [Formula: see text] 0.001) than for placebo for the last 90 min of the OGTT and the area under the curve (AUC) for both measures were 60 and 37% greater (P [Formula: see text] 0.001), respectively. This prolonged, increased elevation in insulin did not result in a lower blood glucose level; in fact, the AUC for blood glucose was 24% greater (P = 0.20) in the caffeine treatment group. The data support our hypothesis that caffeine ingestion results in a greater increase in insulin concentration during an OGTT. This, together with a trend towards a greater rather than a more modest response in blood glucose, suggests that caffeine ingestion may have resulted in insulin resistance.Key words: adenosine, skeletal muscle, methylxanthines, glucose uptake, diabetes.

Increased plasma levels of islet amyloid polypeptide in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism

1996 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stig Valdemarsson ◽  
Arnold Leckström ◽  
Per Westermark ◽  
Anders Bergenfelz
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Primary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Islet Amyloid Polypeptide ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Islet Amyloid

Valdemarsson S, Leckström A, Westermark P, Bergenfelz A. Increased plasma levels of islet amyloid polypeptide in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Eur J Endocrinol 1996;134:320–5. ISSN 0804–4643 Amylin, also named islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), is a protein that is processed and released from pancreatic β-cells in parallel with insulin. Islet amyloid polypeptide is currently studied with regard to a role for insulin resistance in non-insulin-dependent diabetes. To elucidate a possible function of IAPP for impaired glucose tolerance in primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT), we studied plasma IAPP levels during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in seven pHPT patients before and 8 weeks after surgery and in six healthy subjects. The β-glucose level of the patient groups was 4.34 ± 0.12 mmol/l before and 3.97 ± 0.16 mmol/l after surgery (NS), while the serum level of insulin was significantly higher before (16.9 ± 2.8 mIU/l) than after (8.9 ± 1.9 mIU/l) the operation (p < 0.05), indicating a moderately increased insulin resistance in pHPT. The basal plasma levels of IAPP were significantly higher in pHPT patients before than 8 weeks after surgery (9.71 ± 1.05 and 4.30 ± 0.82 pmol/l, respectively; p < 0.01). When compared to the plasma IAPP level of the controls at 1.80 ± 0.38 pmol/l, pHPT patients had higher IAPP values both before (p < 0.01) and at 8 weeks after (p < 0.05) operation, There was a significant correlation between the serum levels of insulin and plasma levels of IAPP in pHPT patients before (r = 0.87, p < 0.01) as wells as 8 weeks after surgery (r = 0.69, p < 0.05). The area under the curve for IAPP during OGTT in pHPT patients was 1872.4 ± 187.7 pmol·min/l, which is significantly higher than after surgery 1010.8 ± 93.7 pmol· min/l) (p < 0.05) and compared to the area for the controls at 840.3 ± 49.9 pmol min/l (p< 0.01). In conclusion, pHPT is associated with an increased plasma level of IAPP, correlated to the serum insulin level, but persistently higher than in controls also 8 weeks after surgery. Possibly, increased IAPP levels can have a role for impaired glucose tolerance in pHPT. The hyperparathyroid state might have a specific role for the release of this peptide, otherwise closely connected to insulin secretion. Stig Valdemarsson, Department of Internal Medicine, Lund University Hospital, S-221 85 Lund, Sweden

scholarly journals Amelioration of Olanzapine-Induced Impaired Glucose Tolerance in Mice with Methanol Extract of Steamed Brassica Oleracea (Cabbage) Leaves

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
Farjana Akther Noor ◽  
Songjukta Chakraborty ◽  
Christophe Wiart ◽  
Mohammed Rahmatullah
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Elevated Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Olanzapine is an antipsychotic drug and has been reported to induce impaired glucose tolerance leading to high blood glucose levels. In oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT), methanolic extract of steamed cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata) (MEBO) leaves have been shown to reduce elevated blood glucose levels in glucose-loaded mice. It was thus of interest to determine whether MEBO leaves can ameliorate olanzapineinduced impaired glucose tolerance in mice, which have been administered olanzapine for 28 days. Impaired glucose tolerance was measured through OGTT in mice. Olanzapine (28 days)-administered mice showed elevated blood glucose in OGTT. MEBO leaves showed significant reduction of blood glucose level in OGTT in mice (compared to vehicle or olanzapine treated mice for 28 days, Groups 2 and 3, respectively) both when administered for 28 days along with olanzapine, as well when administered 60 min prior to glucose loading in OGTT (positive control glibenclamide administered at 10 mg/kg). A single dose of MEBO (400 mg/kg) was used based on previous studies. Thus, MEBO leaves can be beneficial for improving glucose tolerance and reduce blood glucose levels in olanzapine-induced elevated blood glucose levels.

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