Low-dose pancreatic polypeptide inhibits food intake in man

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 426-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Jesudason ◽  
Mariana P. Monteiro ◽  
Barbara M. C. McGowan ◽  
Nicola M. Neary ◽  
Adrian J. Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Pancreatic Polypeptide ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Human Study ◽  
Visual Analogue Score ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Reduce Food Intake ◽  
Pancreatic Tumours ◽  
Gut Hormone

Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) is a gut hormone released from the pancreas in response to food ingestion and remains elevated for up to 6 h postprandially. Plasma levels are elevated in patients with pancreatic tumours. An intravenous infusion of PP has been reported to reduce food intake in man, suggesting that PP is a satiety hormone. We investigated whether a lower infusion rate of PP would induce significant alterations in energy intake. The study was randomised and double-blinded. Fourteen lean fasted volunteers (five men and nine women) received 90 min infusions of PP (5 pmol/kg per min) and saline on two separate days. The dose chosen was half that used in a previous human study which reported a decrease in appetite but at supra-physiological levels of PP. One hour after the end of the infusion, a buffet lunch was served and energy intake measured. PP infusion was associated with a significant 11 % reduction in energy intake compared with saline (2440 (se 200) v. 2730 (se 180) kJ; P < 0·05). Preprandial hunger as assessed by a visual analogue score was decreased in the PP-treated group compared to saline. These effects were achieved with plasma levels of PP within the pathophysiological range of pancreatic tumours.

Cholecystokinin is a Satiety Hormone in Humans at Physiological Post-Prandial Plasma Concentrations

1995 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Ballinger ◽  
Lorraine McLoughlin ◽  
Sami Medbak ◽  
Michael Clark
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Saline Infusion ◽  
Reduce Food Intake ◽  
Subsequent Test ◽  
Gut Hormone ◽  
Plasma Cholecystokinin ◽  
Satiety Hormone

1. Intravenous infusions of the brain/gut hormone, cholecystokinin, have been shown to reduce food intake in a subsequent test meal. However, in previous studies the doses administered were large and likely to have produced plasma concentrations far in excess of the normal post-prandial range. 2. In this study cholecystokinin-8 was infused intravenously to six healthy subjects in doses that reproduced physiological post-prandial concentrations. Plasma concentrations of cholecystokinin were measured using a novel sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay. The effect of cholecystokinin-8 infusion on subsequent food intake in a standard test meal was compared with the effect of saline infusion in the same subjects. 3. Food intake (mean ± SEM) was significantly less during cholecystokinin (5092 ± 665 kJ) than during saline infusion (6418 ± 723 kJ, P = 0.03). During cholecystokinin infusion, plasma concentrations increased from 0.45 ± 0.06 pmol/l to 7.28 ± 2.43 pmol/l immediately before the meal. With saline infusion there was no premeal increase in plasma cholecystokinin concentration. 4. This paper describes a novel radioimmunoassay for measurement of plasma concentrations of cholecystokinin. Using this assay we have demonstrated that cholecystokinin is important in control of satiety in humans.

Antagonism of opioid receptors reduces body fat in obese rats by decreasing food intake and stimulating lipid utilization

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (6) ◽  
pp. R1399-R1408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Statnick ◽  
Frank C. Tinsley ◽  
Brian J. Eastwood ◽  
Todd M. Suter ◽  
Charles H. Mitch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Opioid Receptors ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Reduce Food Intake ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Obese Rats

Agonists to opioid receptors induce a positive energy balance, whereas antagonists at these receptors reduce food intake and body weight in rodent models of obesity. An analog of 3,4-dimethyl-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)piperidine, LY255582, is a potent non-morphinan antagonist for μ-, κ-, and δ-receptors ( K i of 0.4, 2.0, and 5.2 nM, respectively). In the present study, we examined the effects of oral LY255582 treatment on caloric intake, calorie expenditure, and body composition in dietary-induced obese rats. Acute oral treatment of LY255582 produced a dose-dependent decrease in energy intake and respiratory quotient (RQ), which correlated with the occupancy of central opioid receptors. Animals receiving chronic oral treatment with LY255582 for 14 days maintained a negative energy balance that was sustained by increased lipid use. Analysis of body composition revealed a reduction in fat mass accretion, with no change in lean body mass, in animals treated with LY255582. Therefore, chronic treatment with LY255582 reduces adipose tissue mass by reducing energy intake and stimulating lipid use.

Effects of pancreatic polypeptide, caerulein, and bombesin on satiety in obese mice

1985 ◽  
Vol 248 (3) ◽  
pp. G277-G280 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. L. Taylor ◽  
R. Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Pancreatic Polypeptide ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Reduce Food Intake ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Liquid Meal ◽  
Bovine Pancreatic Polypeptide ◽  
Obesity Syndrome

Congenitally obese mice are hyperphagic, suggesting that their obesity is secondary to defects in normal satiety mechanisms. The present study compares the effects of caerulein, bombesin, and pancreatic polypeptide (three equimolar doses each of 3, 9, and 27 nmol/kg) on food intake in 10 pairs of lean and obese mice. After the intraperitoneal injection of saline, obese mice eat 240% more of a liquid meal (Magnacal) than their lean littermates (P less than 0.01). All three doses of caerulein significantly inhibited food intake in both obese and lean mice. Although the highest dose of bombesin significantly decreased food intake in both obese and lean mice, the lowest dose was only effective in obese mice. In contrast, none of these doses of pancreatic polypeptide had a significant effect on food intake in either lean or obese mice. A dose of bovine pancreatic polypeptide of 200 nmol/kg was required to significantly reduce food intake in lean and obese mice. This study demonstrates that obese mice respond to satiety signals and may even be more sensitive than their lean littermates to some messengers. In addition, the previously described reversal of this obesity syndrome by pancreatic polypeptide in doses of approximately 2.5 and 25 nmol X kg-1 X day-1 is unlikely to be due to effects of this peptide on food intake.

PYY(3–36) reduces food intake and body weight and improves insulin sensitivity in rodent models of diet-induced obesity

2006 ◽  
Vol 291 (2) ◽  
pp. R367-R375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels Vrang ◽  
Andreas Nygaard Madsen ◽  
Mads Tang-Christensen ◽  
Gitte Hansen ◽  
Philip Just Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Gut Hormone

The gut hormone peptide YY (PYY) was recently proposed to comprise an endogenous satiety factor. We have studied acute anorectic functions of PYY(3–36) in mice and rats, as well as metabolic effects of chronic PYY(3–36) administration to diet-induced obese (DIO) mice and rats. A single intraperitoneal injection of PYY(3–36) inhibited food intake in mice, but not in rats. We next investigated the effects of increasing doses (100, 300, and 1,000 μg·kg−1·day−1) of PYY(3–36) administered subcutaneously via osmotic minipumps on food intake and body weight in DIO C57BL/6J mice. Whereas only the highest dose (1,000 μg·kg−1·day−1) of PYY(3–36) significantly reduced food intake over the first 3 days, body weight gain was dose dependently reduced, and on day 28 the group treated with 1,000 μg·kg−1·day−1 PYY(3–36) weighed ∼10% less than the vehicle-treated group. Mesenteric, epididymal, retroperitoneal, and inguinal fat pad weight was dose dependently reduced. Subcutaneous administration of PYY(3–36) (250 and 1,000 μg·kg−1·day−1) for 28 days reduced body weight and improved glycemic control in glucose-intolerant DIO rats. Neither 250 nor 1,000 μg/kg PYY(3–36) elicited a conditioned taste aversion in male rats.

scholarly journals PYY3-36 and pancreatic polypeptide reduce food intake in an additive manner via distinct hypothalamic dependent pathways in mice

Obesity ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. E669-E678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Chuan Shi ◽  
Zhou Lin ◽  
Jackie Lau ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Miyuki Yagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Pancreatic Polypeptide ◽  
Reduce Food Intake

Feeding energetics and angling catches of spangled perch, Leiopotherapon unicolor (Günther 1859), (Percoidei : Teraponidae)

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 569 ◽  
Author(s):  
PC Gehrke
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Reduce Food Intake ◽  
Daily Ration ◽  
Lower Temperature

Spangled perch, Leiopotherapon unicolor, in aquaria reduced their daily ration as water temperature decreased. Fish held at a mean temperature of 16.8�C did not grow significantly over a period of 180 days, whereas individuals maintained near 22.6�C showed a weight increase of 32.8% over the same period. Both groups of fish metabolized approximately 38% of their energy intake, excreted 57% and allocated 5% for growth. Fish adapted to the lower temperature regime consumed 10.81 kJ day-1 compared with a predicted value of 2.08 kJ day-1 for fish adapted to warmer temperatures and exposed to 16.8�C. Spangled perch appear to repartition energy resources at some point below 16�C to make up for a shortfall in energy intake caused by reduced ration. Fish in their natural environment may also reduce food intake at low temperatures, as spangled perch caught by angling in winter had less food in their stomachs (0.31% body weight) than fish caught in other seasons (4.87% in spring to 3.13% in autumn). Catch rate in winter (< 1 fish per angler hour) was also lower than that in other seasons (> 5 fish per angler hour).

Anorexia and fat aversion induced by vertical sleeve gastrectomy is attenuated in neurotensin receptor 1 deficient mice

Endocrinology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Ratner ◽  
Jae-Hoon Shin ◽  
Chinmay Dwibedi ◽  
Valentina Tremaroli ◽  
Anette Bjerregaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Reduce Food Intake ◽  
Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽  
Potent Effect ◽  
Neurotensin Receptor ◽  
Macronutrient Selection ◽  
Gut Hormone ◽  
Neurotensin Receptor 1 ◽  
Fat Preference

Abstract Neurotensin (NT) is an anorexic gut hormone and neuropeptide that increases in circulation following bariatric surgery in humans and rodents. We sought to determine the contribution of NT to the metabolic efficacy of vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG). To explore a potential mechanistic role of NT in VSG, we performed sham or VSG surgeries in diet-induced obese neurotensin receptor 1 (NTSR1) wildtype (wt) and knockout (ko) mice and compared their weight and fat mass loss, glucose tolerance, food intake, and food preference after surgery. NTSR1 ko mice had reduced initial anorexia and body fat loss. Additionally, NTSR1 ko mice had an attenuated reduction in fat preference following VSG. Results from this study suggest that NTSR1 signaling contributes to the potent effect of VSG to initially reduce food intake following VSG surgeries and potentially also on the effects on macronutrient selection induced by VSG. However, maintenance of long-term weight loss after VSG requires signals in addition to NT.

scholarly journals Appetite, food intake and gut hormone responses to intense aerobic exercise of different duration

2017 ◽  
Vol 235 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Holliday ◽  
Andrew Blannin
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Relative Energy ◽  
Acylated Ghrelin ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Gut Hormone

The purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of acute bouts of high-intensity aerobic exercise of differing durations on subjective appetite, food intake and appetite-associated hormones in endurance-trained males. Twelve endurance-trained males (age = 21 ± 2 years; BMI = 21.0 ± 1.6 kg/m2; VO2max = 61.6 ± 6.0 mL/kg/min) completed four trials, within a maximum 28 day period, in a counterbalanced order: resting (REST); 15 min exercise bout (15-min); 30 min exercise bout (30-min) and 45 min exercise bout (45-min). All exercise was completed on a cycle ergometer at an intensity of ~76% VO2max. Sixty minutes post exercise, participants consumed an ad libitum meal. Measures of subjective appetite and blood samples were obtained throughout the morning, with plasma analyzed for acylated ghrelin, total polypeptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY) and total glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) concentrations. The following results were obtained: Neither subjective appetite nor absolute food intake differed between trials. Relative energy intake (intake – expenditure) was significantly greater after REST (2641 ± 1616 kJ) compared with both 30-min (1039 ± 1520 kJ) and 45-min (260 ± 1731 kJ), and significantly greater after 15-min (2699 ± 1239 kJ) compared with 45-min (condition main effect, P < 0.001). GLP-1 concentration increased immediately post exercise in 30-min and 45-min, respectively (condition × time interaction, P < 0.001). Acylated ghrelin was transiently suppressed in all exercise trials (condition × time interaction, P = 0.011); the greatest, most enduring suppression, was observed in 45-min. PYY concentration was unchanged with exercise. In conclusion, high-intensity aerobic cycling lasting up to 45 min did not suppress subjective appetite or affect absolute food intake, but did reduce relative energy intake, in well-trained endurance athletes. Findings question the role of appetite hormones in regulating subjective appetite in the acute post-exercise period.

Pancreatic polypeptide infusions reduce food intake in Prader-Willi syndrome

Peptides ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary G. Berntson ◽  
William B. Zipf ◽  
Thomas M. O'Dorisio ◽  
James A. Hoffman ◽  
Ronald E. Chance
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Pancreatic Polypeptide ◽  
Reduce Food Intake ◽  
Prader Willi Syndrome

scholarly journals Dietary whey reduces energy intake and alters hypothalamic gene expression in obese phyto-oestrogen-deprived male rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (6) ◽  
pp. 1125-1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
María F. Andreoli ◽  
Cora Stoker ◽  
Gisela P. Lazzarino ◽  
Guillermina Canesini ◽  
Enrique H. Luque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Reduce Food Intake ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Glucose Homoeostasis ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Oestrogen Deprivation

AbstractRemoving dietary phyto-oestrogens in adult male rats causes obesity and diabetes. As whey proteins have been reported to reduce food intake and improve glucose homoeostasis, we investigated whether they could attenuate susceptibility to obesity and diabetes due to phyto-oestrogen deprivation. To this end, thirty male Wistar rats were fed a high-phyto-oestrogen (HP) or a phyto-oestrogen-free (PF) diet for 10 weeks; six rats from each group were killed. The remaining HP animals (six animals) continued receiving the HP diet for 6 weeks. The remaining PF rats (twelve rats) were divided in two groups: one was given the PF diet and the other a variation of the PF diet plus whey protein (PF-W). Body weight, food intake and adipose tissue weights were recorded. Hypothalamic mRNA expressions of orexigenic (neuropeptide Y, agouti-related protein (AgRP)) and anorexigenic (pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), cocaine-amphetamine-related transcript (CART)) neuropeptides were quantified by real-time PCR. Serum glucose, insulin and total thyroxine (T4), thyroid-stimulating hormone, testosterone and oestradiol were assessed. After 10 weeks of PF diet, increased body weight, adiposity and energy intake, with up-regulation of AgRP and down-regulation of POMC', were observed. Longer treatment exacerbated these results, increased total T4 levels, reduced oestradiol levels and impaired glucose homoeostasis. PF-W reduced energy intake and increased POMC expression; however, body weight and adiposity remained unchanged. PF-W could not prevent the hormonal changes or the high circulating glucose levels induced by phyto-oestrogen deprivation, but reduced fasting insulin. These data demonstrate that, although 6 weeks of whey administration could not prevent obesity in phyto-oestrogen-deprived rats, the reduction in energy intake and circulating insulin could be beneficial with longer treatments.

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