scholarly journals Energy intake and resting energy expenditure in adult male rats after early postnatal food restriction

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 1149-1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Floor Remmers ◽  
Michiel F. Schreuder ◽  
Reinoud J. B. J. Gemke ◽  
Henriette A. Delemarre-van de Waal
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Resting Energy

Both in man and in animal models, changes in food intake and body composition in later life have been reported after alterations in perinatal nutrition. Therefore, we hypothesised that early postnatal undernutrition in the rat induces permanent changes in energy balance. Food restriction (FR) during lactation was achieved by enlarging litter size to twenty pups, whereas control animals were raised in litters containing ten pups. Energy intake and resting energy expenditure were determined in adult males. Early postnatal FR resulted in acute growth restriction followed by incomplete catch-up in body weight, body length and BMI. At the age of 12 months, middle-aged FR males had significantly lower absolute resting energy expenditure (200 v. 216 kJ/24 h, P = 0·009), absolute energy intake (281 v. 310 kJ/24 h, P = 0·001) and energy intake adjusted for BMI (284 v. 305 kJ/24 h, P = 0·016) than controls, whereas resting energy expenditure adjusted for BMI did not differ significantly between the groups (204 v. 211 kJ/24 h, P = 0·156). The amount of energy remaining for other functions was lower in FR males (80 v. 94 kJ/24 h, P = 0·044). Comparable data were obtained at the age of 6 months. These results indicate that in rats energy balance can be programmed by early nutrition. A low early postnatal food intake appears to programme these animals for a low energy intake and to remain slender in adult life.

scholarly journals Physical activity and energy balance

1999 ◽  
Vol 2 (3a) ◽  
pp. 335-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marleen A. Van Baak
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Resting Energy

AbstractEnergy expenditure rises above resting energy expenditure when physical activity is performed. The activity-induced energy expenditure varies with the muscle mass involved and the intensity at which the activity is performed: it ranges between 2 and 18 METs approximately. Differences in duration, frequency and intensity of physical activities may create considerable variations in total energy expenditure. The Physical Activity Level (= total energy expenditure divided by resting energy expenditure) varies between 1.2 and 2.2–2.5 in healthy adults. Increases in activity-induced energy expenditure have been shown to result in increases in total energy expenditure, which are usually greater than the increase in activity-induced energy expenditure itself. No evidence for increased spontaneous physical activity, measured by diary, interview or accelerometer, was found. However, this does not exclude increased physical activity that can not be measured by these methods. Part of the difference may also be explained by the post-exercise elevation of metabolic rate.If changes in the level of physical activity affect energy balance, this should result in changes in body mass or body composition. Modest decreases of body mass and fat mass are found in response to increases in physical activity, induced by exercise training, which are usually smaller than predicted from the increase in energy expenditure. This indicates that the training-induced increase in total energy expenditure is at least partly compensated for by an increase in energy intake. There is some evidence that the coupling between energy expenditure and energy intake is less at low levels of physical activity. Increasing the level of physical activity for weight loss may therefore be most effective in the most sedentary individuals.

Increased resting energy expenditure, fat oxidation, and food intake in patients with highly active antiretroviral therapy-associated lipodystrophy

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (3) ◽  
pp. E687-E692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jussi Sutinen ◽  
Hannele Yki-Järvinen
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Resting Energy

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is associated with metabolic adverse events such as lipodystrophy in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of HAART-associated lipodystrophy on resting energy expenditure and caloric intake. In this cross-sectional study we compared resting energy expenditure (REE) and energy intake in 30 HAART-treated patients with lipodystrophy (HAART+LD+) with 13 HAART-treated patients without lipodystrophy (HAART+LD−). REE was measured using indirect calorimetry, and energy intake was recorded as a 3-day diary of food intake. REE (5,180 ± 160 vs. 4,260 ± 150 J/min, P < 0.01) and also REE expressed per fat-free mass (86 ± 1 vs. 78 ± 2 J·kg fat-free mass−1·min−1, P < 0.01) were significantly higher in the HAART+LD+ than the HAART+LD− group. Rate of lipid oxidation was significantly higher in the HAART+LD+ than the HAART+LD− group. Total energy and fat intakes were significantly increased in the HAART+LD+ compared with the HAART+LD− group. These results imply that HAART-associated lipodystrophy is associated with increased REE and lipid oxidation and with increased caloric and fat intake.

scholarly journals Longitudinal changes in energy balance during pregnancy in South African women from the Tlokwe Municipal area

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Van Fourie Oort ◽  
Sarah J Moss ◽  
Y Schutz
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
Activity Energy ◽  
Resting Energy

Abstract Background Energy balance in the era of obesity, contributes to challenges in healthy weight maintenance. The study aims to determine the changes in energy intake and expenditure from the first to the third trimester of pregnancy in women from the Tlokwe Municipal area.Methods We followed a longitudinal observational design to measure healthy pregnant women in the first (9–12 weeks), second (20–22 weeks) and third trimester (28–32 weeks). A valitdated, semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire determined energy and macronutrient intakes. Energy expenditure (EE) was calculated from resting energy expenditure, as measured by indirect calorimetry (FitMate®), whereas activity energy expenditure was measured by combining heart rate and accelerometry (ActiHeart®). Energy balance was calculated as the difference between energy expenditure and energy intake. A mixed-model analysis was performed to determine significant differences between energy expenditure and intake during pregnancy.Results Energy intake increased from the first (8841 ± 3456 kJ/day) to the second trimester (9134 ± 3046 kJ/day) and declined in the third trimester of pregnancy (8171 ± 3017 kJ/day). A negative energy balance was found during the first (-1374 ± 4548 kJ/day) and third trimesters (-1331 ± 3734 kJ/day), whereas a minor positive energy balance was observed in the second trimester (380 ± 14212 kJ/day). Resting energy expenditure showed significant differences between the second and third, as well as the first and third trimesters. Changes in activity energy expenditure throughout pregnancy showed practical significance between the first and third trimesters.Conclusions Energy intake and expenditure during pregnancy did not differ. The additional energy expenditure in the third trimester could be attributed to resting energy expenditure and a decrease in activity energy expenditure.

The contribution of fat-free mass to resting energy expenditure: implications for weight loss strategies in the treatment of adolescent obesity

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew G. Browning ◽  
Ronald K. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Adolescent Obesity ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Weight Loss Outcomes ◽  
Resting Energy

AbstractOwing to the strong relationship between fat-free mass (FFM) and resting energy expenditure (REE), the preservation of FFM is often emphasized in the treatment of adolescent obesity. Typical treatment regimens including an increased dietary consumption of protein and participation in resistance training are common components of adolescent weight management programs, despite limited evidence of a positive influence of FFM on weight loss outcomes in adolescents. Given the larger volume of FFM in obese relative to normal weight adolescents and the common treatment goals of both maximizing weight loss and attenuating the loss of FFM, a better understanding of the influence of FFM on energy balance is needed to determine whether strategies to preserve lean tissue or maximize absolute weight loss should be most emphasized. We review the associations among FFM, REE, and weight loss outcomes, focusing on how these relationships might influence energy balance in obese adolescents.

scholarly journals Prospective Changes in Energy Intake, Physical Activity, and Resting Energy Expenditure during Pregnancy

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 66-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd Hagobian ◽  
Alyssa D’Amico ◽  
Camille Vranna ◽  
Anna Brannen ◽  
Suzanne Phelan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Future Health ◽  
In Pregnancy ◽  
Resting Energy

Background and Purpose: Prenatal changes in energy intake (EI), physical activity (PA), and resting energy expenditure (REE) are important determinants of future health and obesity outcomes. This study examined changes in EI, PA and REE in 16 adult, pregnant women (75% Normal-weight, 15% overweight/obese) early in pregnancy (

Effects of ovarian hormones on energy balance and brown adipose tissue thermogenesis

1986 ◽  
Vol 250 (2) ◽  
pp. R245-R249 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Richard
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Ovarian Hormones ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis

This study was carried out to investigate the nutritional energetics of ovariectomized rats with or without ovarian hormone replacement. Rats were divided into five groups: 1) sham operated, 2) ovariectomized, 3) ovariectomized and treated with progesterone, 4) ovariectomized and treated with estradiol, or 5) ovariectomized and treated with estradiol and progesterone. After 36 days of treatment, energy contents of all five groups were determined together with energy content of food and feces. Brown adipose tissue thermogenesis was assessed through mitochondrial GDP binding assay. Results show that ovariectomy leads to a 16% increase in metabolizable energy intake. This increase was accompanied by a twofold increase in body energy gain. Progesterone did not further affect energy intake and gain in ovariectomized rats. However, increases in both food intake and energy gain were prevented by the estradiol replacement therapy. There was no difference in energy expenditure between sham-operated and ovariectomized rats in the absence of estradiol. In estradiol-treated animals, energy expenditure (kJ.kg body wt-0.75 . day-1) showed a slight increase. There was no difference in protein content of interscapular brown adipose tissue between all five groups. GDP binding was slightly reduced in ovariectomized estradiol-treated rats. It is concluded from this study that ovarian hormones produce their effects on energy balance mainly by altering food intake.

scholarly journals Effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate on food intake, body composition, and resting energy expenditure in patients with advanced, nonhormone-sensitive cancer

Cancer ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Paul F. H. A. Simons ◽  
Annemie M. W. J. Schols ◽  
Janine M. J. Hoefnagels ◽  
Klaas R. Westerterp ◽  
Guul P. M. ten Velde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Medroxyprogesterone Acetate ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Resting Energy

scholarly journals High Compared with Moderate Protein Intake Reduces Adaptive Thermogenesis and Induces a Negative Energy Balance during Long-term Weight-Loss Maintenance in Participants with Prediabetes in the Postobese State: A PREVIEW Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 150 (3) ◽  
pp. 458-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathijs Drummen ◽  
Lea Tischmann ◽  
Blandine Gatta-Cherifi ◽  
Mikael Fogelholm ◽  
Anne Raben ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Adaptive Thermogenesis ◽  
Resting Energy

ABSTRACT Background Weight loss has been associated with adaptations in energy expenditure. Identifying factors that counteract these adaptations are important for long-term weight loss and weight maintenance. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate whether increased protein/carbohydrate ratio would reduce adaptive thermogenesis (AT) and the expected positive energy balance (EB) during weight maintenance after weight loss in participants with prediabetes in the postobese state. Methods In 38 participants, the effects of 2 diets differing in protein/carbohydrate ratio on energy expenditure and respiratory quotient (RQ) were assessed during 48-h respiration chamber measurements ∼34 mo after weight loss. Participants consumed a high-protein (HP) diet (n = 20; 13 women/7 men; age: 64.0 ± 6.2 y; BMI: 28.9 ± 4.0 kg/m 2) with 25:45:30% or a moderate-protein (MP) diet (n = 18; 9 women/9 men; age: 65.1 ± 5.8 y; BMI: 29.0 ± 3.8 kg/m 2) with 15:55:30% of energy from protein:carbohydrate:fat. Predicted resting energy expenditure (REEp) was calculated based on fat-free mass and fat mass. AT was assessed by subtracting measured resting energy expenditure (REE) from REEp. The main outcomes included differences in components of energy expenditure, substrate oxidation, and AT between groups. Results EB (MP = 0.2 ± 0.9 MJ/d; HP = −0.5 ± 0.9 MJ/d) and RQ (MP = 0.84 ± 0.02; HP = 0.82 ± 0.02) were reduced and REE (MP: 7.3 ± 0.2 MJ/d compared with HP: 7.8 ± 0.2 MJ/d) was increased in the HP group compared with the MP group (P &lt; 0.05). REE was not different from REEp in the HP group, whereas REE was lower than REEp in the MP group (P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, EB was positively related to AT (rs = 0.74; P &lt; 0.001) and RQ (rs = 0.47; P &lt; 0.01) in the whole group of participants. Conclusions In conclusion, an HP diet compared with an MP diet led to a negative EB and counteracted AT ∼34 mo after weight loss, in participants with prediabetes in the postobese state. These results indicate the relevance of compliance to an increased protein/carbohydrate ratio for long-term weight maintenance after weight loss. The trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01777893.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document