scholarly journals SAT-740 Plasma Glucocorticoids and Mineralocorticoids Are Associated to Metabolic Syndrome Features in Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giada Ostinelli ◽  
Jerzy Adamski ◽  
André Tchernof
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Greater Omentum ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Visceral Fat Accumulation ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract Background: Excess visceral adipose tissue accumulation on anatomical structures such as the greater omentum and mesentery are strong predictors of obesity-associated comorbidities (1). High glucocorticoid levels have been associated with body fat distribution and preferential visceral fat accumulation as well as features of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) (2). These effects are thought to be mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor, a nuclear receptor showing affinity for both glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. In this study, we examined plasma concentrations of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids in women with or without the MetS. In addition, we assessed the ability of these steroids to predict fat accumulation and features of the MetS. Methods: In a sample of 49 women (age 47 ± 4.99 years; BMI 26.4 ± 4.70 kg/m2), plasma concentrations of cortisol, 11-deoxycortisol, cortisone, aldosterone, corticosterone and 11-deoxycorticosterone were analyzed by electrospray ionization-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (ESI-LC-MS/MS). Metabolic parameters were assessed to establish the presence of the MetS using NCEP-III criteria. Subcutaneous and visceral adipocyte cell size was measured by histomorphometry. Results: We found HDL-triglycerides to be positively associated with levels of 11-deoxycorticosterone, 11-deoxycortisol, corticosterone, cortisone and cortisol (p<0.05 for all). 11-deoxycorticosterone concentration was also negatively associated with waist circumference (-0.294, p<0.05), LDL-cholesterol and LDL-triglyceride content (-0.264 and -0.362, p<0.05) whereas cortisone level was positively associated with fasting glucose (0.3, p<0.05). Our model including mineralocorticoids predicted systolic blood pressure (R2=0.303), while the one including glucocorticoids predicted HDL-cholesterol (R2=0.495). In addition, as expected, we found that women with the MetS were characterized by significantly higher percentage body fat and displayed subcutaneous and visceral adipocyte hypertrophy (p<0.05). Interestingly, women with the MetS also showed a trend for lower plasma cortisol concentrations (p=0.07). Conclusion: Our data suggest that glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids are associated with individual components of the MetS in women. (1) Tchernof et al.(2013), Physiol Rev, 93(1); (2) Constantinopoulos et al., (2015), Eur J Endocrinol, 172(1)

scholarly journals Bifidobacterium adolescentis supplementation ameliorates visceral fat accumulation and insulin sensitivity in an experimental model of the metabolic syndrome

2011 ◽  
Vol 107 (10) ◽  
pp. 1429-1434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinjin Chen ◽  
Ren Wang ◽  
Xiao-Fang Li ◽  
Rui-Liang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
The Other ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Bifidobacterium Adolescentis ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
Visceral Fat Accumulation ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of Bifidobacterium adolescentis (Bif) supplementation on visceral fat accumulation and insulin sensitivity of the metabolic syndrome in HF-diet-fed rats. Adult male Wistar rats (n 10 per group) were fed four different experimental diets for 12 weeks as follows: standard diet; high-fat (HF) diet; a mix of HF diet and Bif; a mix of standard diet and Bif. Liver, mesenteric fat, epididymal fat, retroperitoneal fat, and inguinal fat, pancreas and triceps surae in all four groups of the rats were weighed, while liver steatosis and insulin sensitivity were evaluated at the end point of the study. As the number of intestinal Bifidobacterium species decreased obviously, fat pad weight and body weight increased significantly in the HF group compared with in the other three groups (P <0·05). Addition of Bif led to a reduction in body weight and fat pad weight (P <0·05). With an increase in liver weight, more severe steatosis of hepatocytes was observed in the HF group compared with in the other three groups. A significant decrease of the glucose infusion rate and pancreas weight was found in the HF group (P <0·05). This deleterious effect was alleviated when Bif was added to the diets. Bifidobacterium supplementation ameliorated visceral fat accumulation and insulin sensitivity of the metabolic syndrome in HF-diet-fed rats.

scholarly journals Systemic Oxidative Stress is Associated With Visceral Fat Accumulation and the Metabolic Syndrome

2006 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 1437-1442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichi Fujita ◽  
Hitoshi Nishizawa ◽  
Tohru Funahashi ◽  
Iichiro Shimomura ◽  
Michio Shimabukuro
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
Visceral Fat Accumulation ◽  
Systemic Oxidative Stress ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

scholarly journals Sex Differences in the Metabolic Syndrome: Implications for Cardiovascular Health in Women

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aruna D Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Body Fat Distribution ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Clinical Expression ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract BACKGROUND The metabolic syndrome is a clinical condition characterized by the presence of multiple interrelated risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Component features include dysglycemia, increased blood pressure, increased triglycerides, decreased HDL cholesterol concentrations, and obesity (in particular, abdominal obesity). The underlying biology, optimal diagnostic criteria, and clinical implications, once diagnosed, have been matter for intense debate. Despite these areas of controversy, there is now general consensus that the observed risk factor clustering signifies heightened cardiovascular risk. CONTENT The influence of sex on the clinical expression and pathophysiology of the syndrome is underrecognized, and is an issue of increasing importance given the alarming increase in prevalence among young women. This minireview will highlight sex differences in the epidemiology, etiology, biology, and clinical expression of the metabolic syndrome. In particular, key sex differences include distinctions in (a) prevalence of dysglycemia, (b) body fat distribution, (c) adipocyte size and function, (d) hormonal regulation of body weight and adiposity, and (e) the influence of estrogen decline on risk factor clustering. SUMMARY Accumulated and emerging data convincingly demonstrate that significant heterogeneity exists between men and women developing the metabolic syndrome, in large part related to hormonal regulation of body fat distribution and attendant metabolic abnormalities.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular risk of adipokines: a review

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 2082-2095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Dutheil ◽  
Brett Ashley Gordon ◽  
Geraldine Naughton ◽  
Edward Crendal ◽  
Daniel Courteix ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
Visceral Fat Accumulation ◽  
Current State ◽  
Inflammatory Profile ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Over the last two decades, the understanding of adipose tissue has undergone radical change. The perception has evolved from an inert energy storage tissue to that of an active endocrine organ. Adipose tissue releases a cluster of active molecules named adipokines. The severity of obesity-related diseases does not necessarily correlate with the extent of body fat accumulation but is closely related to body fat distribution, particularly to visceral localization. There is a distinction between the metabolic function of central obesity (visceral abdominal) and peripheral obesity (subcutaneous) in the production of adipokines. Visceral fat accumulation, linked with levels of some adipokines, induces chronic inflammation and metabolic disorders, including glucose intolerance, hyperlipidaemia, and arterial hypertension. Together, these conditions contribute to a diagnosis of metabolic syndrome, directly associated with the onset of cardiovascular disease. If it is well known that adipokines contribute to the inflammatory profile and appetite regulation, this review is novel in synthesising the current state of knowledge of the role of visceral adipose tissue and its secretion of adipokines in cardiovascular risk.

scholarly journals Obesity, Regional Body Fat Distribution, and the Metabolic Syndrome in Older Men and Women

2005 ◽  
Vol 165 (7) ◽  
pp. 777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bret H. Goodpaster ◽  
Shanthi Krishnaswami ◽  
Tamara B. Harris ◽  
Andreas Katsiaras ◽  
Steven B. Kritchevsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Body Fat Distribution ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Regional Body Fat ◽  
Older Men And Women
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