scholarly journals In vitroindications for favourable non-additive effects on ruminal methane mitigation between high-phenolic and high-quality forages

2012 â—½  
Vol 109 (4) â—½  
pp. 615-622 â—½  
Author(s):  
Anuraga Jayanegara â—½  
Svenja Marquardt â—½  
Elizabeth Wina â—½  
Michael Kreuzer â—½  
Florian Leiber
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid â—½  
Gas Production â—½  
Dietary Quality â—½  
Additive Effects â—½  
High Quality â—½  
Fermentative Capacity â—½  
Nutrient Utilisation â—½  
Swietenia Mahagoni

Feeding plants containing elevated levels of polyphenols may reduce ruminal CH4emissions, but at the expense of nutrient utilisation. There might, however, be non-additive effects when combining high-phenolic plants with well-digestible, high-nutrient feeds. To test whether non-additive effects exist, the leaves ofCarica papaya(high in dietary quality, low in polyphenols),Clidemia hirta(high in hydrolysable tannins),Swietenia mahagoni(high in condensed tannins) andEugenia aquea(high in non-tannin phenolics) were tested alone and in all possible mixtures (n15 treatments). An amount of 200 mg DM of samples was incubatedin vitro(24 h; 39oC) with buffered rumen fluid using the Hohenheim gas test apparatus. After the incubation, total gas production, CH4concentration and fermentation profiles were determined. The levels of absolute CH4, and CH4:SCFA and CH4:total gas ratios were lower (P< 0·05) when incubating a combination ofC. papayaand any high-phenolic plants (C. hirta,S. mahagoniandE. aquea) than when incubatingC. papayaalone. Additionally, mixtures resulted in non-additive effects for all CH4-related parameters of the order of 2–15 % deviation from the expected value (P< 0·01). This means that, by combining these plants, CH4in relation to the fermentative capacity was lower than that predicted when assuming the linearity of the effects. Similar non-additive effects of combiningC. papayawith the other plants were found for NH3concentrations but not for SCFA concentrations. In conclusion, using mixtures of high-quality plants and high-phenolic plants could be one approach to CH4mitigation; however, this awaitsin vivoconfirmation.

Comparison of inocula from sheep and cattle for thein vitrogas production technique under tropical conditions

1999 â—½  
Vol 1999 â—½  
pp. 151-151 â—½  
Author(s):  
I.C.S. Bueno â—½  
A.L. Abdalla â—½  
S.L.S. Cabral Filho â—½  
D.M.S.S. Vitti â—½  
E. Owen â—½  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter â—½  
Rumen Fluid â—½  
Small Ruminants â—½  
Gas Production â—½  
Barley Straw â—½  
Tropical Conditions â—½  
Production Techniques â—½  
Microbial Mass

The use of small ruminants, such as sheep, in metabolism studies is more convenient as handling problems are reduced and their maintenance costs are lower, in comparison with cattle. However in vivo digestibility estimates obtained at maintenance are known to differ between these two species. With the increased use ofin vitrogas production techniques, to evaluate ruminant feedingstuffs, it is of great importance to identify whether the species from which the rumen fluid inoculum is obtained has a significant influence on the results obtained.Rumen fluid samples were obtained from a non-lactating Holstein cow (C) and six wether sheep (S) offered the same diet (80 % tropical grass and 20 % dairy concentrate) and prepared so as to have similar dry matter (DM) contents and therefore potentially the microbial mass. Nine substrates (two tropical grasses 1-2, tropical alfalfa 3, barley straw 4, and five temperate grasses 5-9) were examined.

Relationship between in vitro gas production and in vivo energy digestibility in growing pigs

1996 â—½  
Vol 1996 â—½  
pp. 142-142
Author(s):  
A.C. Longland â—½  
S.P. Bray â—½  
A.E. Brooks â—½  
M.K. Theodorou â—½  
A.G. Low
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Transducer â—½  
Nutritive Value â—½  
Rumen Fluid â—½  
Gas Production â—½  
Growing Pigs â—½  
Digestible Energy â—½  
In Vitro Gas Production

In vitro methods which can be used to predict the nutritive value of feedstuflfs for livestock are attractive in terms of both speed and economy. The in vitro pressure transducer technique (PTT) whereby the gas evolved during the in vitro fermentation of feedstuffs in rumen fluid is quantified by a pressure transducer, has been used to predict the nutritive value of ruminant feedstuffs. Here the potential for the PTT in predicting the digestible energy contents of eight feedstuffs varying in non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) content fed to growing pigs, was investigated.

The use of degradation characteristics of browse plants to predict intake and digestibility by goats

Animal Science â—½  
1993 â—½  
Vol 57 (2) â—½  
pp. 247-251 â—½  
Author(s):  
A. Kibont â—½  
E. R. Ørskov
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis â—½  
Rumen Fluid â—½  
Latin Square â—½  
Correlation Coefficients â—½  
Exponential Model â—½  
Gas Production â—½  
Lag Phase â—½  
In Vitro Gas Production

AbstractTwenty-five male goats weighing 16 (s.e. 1-5) kg and aged 15 months were used to measure the dry matter (DM) intake of five browse species namely Acacia albida, Tamarindus indica, Etanda africana, Anogeissus leiocarpus and Sterculia setigera in a growth trial lasting 16 weeks. This was followed by a digestion trial with five goats in a 5 × 5 Latin square with 10 days adaptation and a 5-day measurement period. The degradation characteristics of the browse were measured by incubating samples in nylon bags for 6, 24, 48 and 96 h in the rumens of three sheep fitted with rumen cannulae and given hay plus grass nuts. The exponential model P = a +b(l — ect) was fitted to the data. Rumen fluid from the sheep was also used as an inoculum to incubate the samples in vitro for 3, 6,12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. Nylon bag degradability results were compared with in vivo results and in vitro gas production. The mean DM intakes, apparent digestible DM intakes and growth rates were 0·60, 0·62, 0·55, 0·53 and 0·65 kg/day, 0·43, 0·43, 0·35, 0·34 and 0·49 kg/day and 55, 60, 49, 42 and 62 glday for A. albida, T. indica, E. africana, A. leiocarpus and S. setigera respectively. Using the degradation characteristics A, B and c in a multiple regression analysis, the correlation coefficients with DM intake, apparent DM digestibility, apparent digestible DM intake and growth rate were 0·99, 0·88, 0·92 and 0·99 respectively. The inclusion of a lag phase (L) instead of A in the regression analysis improved the prediction of apparent DM digestibility and apparent digestible DM intake. The correlation coefficients between DM loss in nylon bags and in vitro gas production at 6, 24 and 48 h incubation were 0·84, 0·83 and 0·90 respectively. The results indicate that it may be possible to predict DM and apparent digestible DM intakes of browse by goats from the rumen degradation characteristics.

Stoichiometry ofin vitrofermentation of pure substrates with particular emphasis on methane production, using the cumulative gas production technique

1996 â—½  
Vol 1996 â—½  
pp. 24-24
Author(s):  
Angela R. Moss â—½  
Karen C. O'Callaghan
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production â—½  
Rumen Fluid â—½  
Gas Production â—½  
Production Technique

There is a need to be able to measure the methane producing potential of a range of feedstuffs under different rumen conditions in order to predict more accurately the amount of methane produced per animal.In vitrotechniques using rumen fluid as an innoculum can be considered as models ofin vivorumen digestion and have been applied to estimate digestibility of feedstuffs. Thein vitrogas production technique (Menkeet. al., 1979) can be used successfully to estimate this but there has been limited attempts to use it to estimate the methane producing potential of feedstuffs. The objective was to assess the potential of the technique to do this.Three pure substrates, glucose (G), pectin (P) and cellulose (C) (lg) were pre-wetted in 94ml of medium D (Theodorouet. al., 1994). inoculated with strained rumen fluid (from wether sheep. 10ml) and incubated without agitation for 72h at 39°C.

Methane production from a range of feedstuffs as determined in vitro using the cumulative gas production technique and compared with that measured in vivo

1997 â—½  
Vol 1997 â—½  
pp. 194-194
Author(s):  
Angela R. Moss â—½  
D. I. Givens
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production â—½  
Rumen Fluid â—½  
Gas Production â—½  
Production Technique

There is a need to be able to measure the methane producing potential of a range of feedstuffs under different rumen conditions in order to predict more accurately the amount of methane produced per animal. In vitro techniques using rumen fluid as an innoculum can be considered as models of in vivo rumen digestion and have been applied to estimate digestibility of feedstuffs. The in vitro gas production technique (Menke et. al, 1979) can be used successfully to estimate this but there have been limited attempts to use it to estimate the methane producing potential of feedstuffs. The objective was to assess the potential of the technique to do this.

Relationship between in vitro gas production and in vivo energy digestibility in growing pigs

1996 â—½  
Vol 1996 â—½  
pp. 142-142
Author(s):  
A.C. Longland â—½  
S.P. Bray â—½  
A.E. Brooks â—½  
M.K. Theodorou â—½  
A.G. Low
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Transducer â—½  
Nutritive Value â—½  
Rumen Fluid â—½  
Gas Production â—½  
Growing Pigs â—½  
Digestible Energy â—½  
In Vitro Gas Production

In vitro methods which can be used to predict the nutritive value of feedstuflfs for livestock are attractive in terms of both speed and economy. The in vitro pressure transducer technique (PTT) whereby the gas evolved during the in vitro fermentation of feedstuffs in rumen fluid is quantified by a pressure transducer, has been used to predict the nutritive value of ruminant feedstuffs. Here the potential for the PTT in predicting the digestible energy contents of eight feedstuffs varying in non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) content fed to growing pigs, was investigated.

Comparison between reconstituted sheep faeces and rumen fluid inocula and between in vitro and in sacco digestibility methods as predictors of intake and in vivo digestibility

1996 â—½  
Vol 126 (2) â—½  
pp. 235-248 â—½  
Author(s):  
I. V. Nsahlai â—½  
N. N. Umunna
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter â—½  
Rumen Fluid â—½  
Gas Production â—½  
Lag Phase â—½  
Forage Legumes â—½  
Intact Male â—½  
The Relationship â—½  
In Sacco

SUMMARYThis study (conducted in Debre Zeit, Ethiopia in 1993) examined (i) the effect of source of inoculum on in vitro dry matter (DM) digestibility (1VDMD) and gas production (GP) and (ii) the IVDMD, GP and in sacco degradability as predictors of in vivo DM digestibility (DMD) and intake. Six ruminally cannulated male sheep (used in the degradability studies and from which rumen fluid was harvested for the in vitro studies) and six intact sheep (from which faeces for reconstitution was obtained) were given teff straw ad libitum supplemented with 200 g/day of concentrate (1:1 mixture of noug (Guizotia abyssinica) cake and wheat middlings). In determining IVDMD on 26 feeds, pepsin-HC1 digestion was replaced with neutral detergent extraction. Microbial GP was measured on these feeds incubated with rumen fluid or reconstituted faeces inocula at various time periods. The degradability of each feed was determined by the nylon bag technique in three sheep. Eighty-eight intact male Ethiopian Menz type sheep (mean liveweight 256 (S.D. = 1·98) kg) were used in a randomized complete block experiment to determine intake and digestibility.Gas production using faeces inoculum (GP-F) was strongly related to GP using rumen fluid inoculum (GP-R) particularly at 48 h (R2 = 0·85; P <0·001) of incubation. The IVDMD obtained with reconstituted sheep faeces inoculum (IVDMD-F) had a strong positive relationship (R2 = 0·88; P <0·0001) with IVDMD measured using rumen fluid (IVDMD-R). The IVDMD values obtained by centrifugation were positively related to those obtained by filtration for the rumen fluid (R2 = 0·61) and reconstituted faeces (R2 = 0·47) inocula.The relationship between degradability and in vivo DMD was generally poor for roughages but improved with the length of incubation for forage legumes, being strongest at 24 h (R2 = 0·54). The in vivo DMD had the strongest relationship with GP-R at 24 h of incubation for roughages (R2 = 0·64) and legumes (R2 = 0·84). Dry matter degradability was poorly related to DM intake for roughages (R2 <0·10), while these were closely related for legumes particularly at 6 h of incubation (R2 = 0·55). The relationship between GP-R and intake was strongest at 12 h of incubation for roughages (R2 = 0·41) but was generally weak for legumes. The IVDMD accounted for a very low proportion of the variation in intake of roughages and legume forages. The gas production method was the best among the methods tested in predicting voluntary roughage intake, but not the intake of legumes. The nylon bag technique gave the best predictors (solubility, rate constant ‘c’ and Lag phase) of legume intake (R2 = 0·98).The discussion suggests explanations for why the nylon bag technique predicted performance from forage legumes better than from roughages, why the technique was much better as a predictor of intake than of in vivo DMD, and why the gas production technique predicted in vivo DMD and not the intake of legumes. Reconstituted faeces inoculum may replace rumen fluid inoculum in in vitro procedures. The IVDMD method is a less accurate predictor of in vivo DMD than GP and rumen degradability constants. Both feed factors and practices inherent in the methodologies may modify the predictiveness of indirect digestibility methods.

scholarly journals In Vitro Incubations Do Not Reflect In Vivo Differences Based on Ranking of Low and High Methane Emitters in Dairy Cows

Animals â—½  
10.3390/ani11113112 â—½  
2021 â—½  
Vol 11 (11) â—½  
pp. 3112
Author(s):  
Edward H. Cabezas-Garcia â—½  
Rebecca Danielsson â—½  
Mohammad Ramin â—½  
Pekka Huhtanen
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows â—½  
Relative Abundance â—½  
Volatile Fatty Acids â—½  
Anaerobic Fermentation â—½  
Rumen Fluid â—½  
Gas Production â—½  
Rrna Gene â—½  
Ch4 Production

This study evaluated if ranking dairy cows as low and high CH4 emitters using the GreenFeed system (GF) can be replicated in in vitro conditions using an automated gas system and its possible implications in terms of fermentation balance. Seven pairs of low and high emitters fed the same diet were selected on the basis of residual CH4 production, and rumen fluid taken from each pair incubated separately in the in vitro gas production system. In total, seven in vitro incubations were performed with inoculums taken from low and high CH4 emitting cows incubated in two substrates differing in forage-to-concentrate proportion, each without or with the addition of cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL) as an inhibitor of CH4 production. Except for the aimed differences in CH4 production, no statistical differences were detected among groups of low and high emitters either in in vivo animal performance or rumen fermentation profile prior to the in vitro incubations. The effect of in vivo ranking was poorly replicated in in vitro conditions after 48 h of anaerobic fermentation. Instead, the effects of diet and CNSL were more consistent. The inclusion of 50% barley in the diet (SB) increased both asymptotic gas production by 17.3% and predicted in vivo CH4 by 26.2%, when compared to 100% grass silage (S) substrate, respectively. The SB diet produced on average more propionate (+28 mmol/mol) and consequently less acetate compared to the S diet. Irrespective of CH4 emitter group, CNSL decreased predicted in vivo CH4 (26.7 vs. 11.1 mL/ g of dry matter; DM) and stoichiometric CH4 (CH4VFA; 304 vs. 235 moles/mol VFA), with these being also reflected in decreased total gas production per unit of volatile fatty acids (VFA). Microbial structure was assessed on rumen fluid sampled prior to in vitro incubation, by sequencing of the V4 region of 16S rRNA gene. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) on operational taxonomic unit (OTU) did not show any differences between groups. Some differences appeared of relative abundance between groups in some specific OTUs mainly related to Prevotella. Genus Methanobrevibacter represented 93.7 ± 3.33% of the archaeal sequences. There were no clear differences between groups in relative abundance of Methanobrevibacter.

In vitro methods as predictors of voluntary intake and digestibility of hays fed to sheep

10.1071/ar01077 â—½  
2002 â—½  
Vol 53 (4) â—½  
pp. 471 â—½  
Author(s):  
M. D. Carro â—½  
S. López â—½  
J. S. González â—½  
F. J. Ovejero â—½  
M. J. Ranilla
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Rate â—½  
Rumen Fluid â—½  
Predictive Ability â—½  
Gas Production â—½  
Regression Equation â—½  
Multiple Regression Equation â—½  
In Vitro Methods â—½  
First Order Kinetics

Eleven sun-cured hays were used to study the suitability of different in vitro methods to predict their voluntary dry matter (DM) intake (VDMI; g DM/kg liveweight) and in vivo DM digestibility (DMD; g/kg). The methods used were: (1) gas production at different incubation times when hays were incubated in vitro with buffered rumen fluid, (2) DM disappearance at different incubation times with cellulase (CEL), (3) release of sugars to the supernatant after incubation with cellulase, and (4) optical density of the supernatant at λ = 280 nm (as an indicator of phenolic compounds release) after incubation with cellulase. All kinetic data were fitted to first-order kinetics models to estimate the rate of degradation and the potential degradability, and the average degradation rate and effective degradability (ED) were calculated. The most accurate prediction of VDMI was by using the average degradation rate of the CEL method in a single regression equation, which accounted for 0.78 of the variation in intake (residual s.d. = 1.40). When only data from grass-rich hays were considered, the inclusion of potential degradability and rate of degradation of the CEL method in a multiple regression equation accounted for 0.98 of the variation in intake (residual s.d. = 0.32). The ED of the CEL method explained 0.93 and 0.92 of the variation in the in vivo DMD for all hays and grass-rich hays, respectively (residual s.d. = 18.1 and 21.7, respectively). The predictive ability of the different methods is discussed and compared with that of the in situ technique that has been previously reported.

Inoculation with adapted microbes versus addition of polyethylene glycol as methods to alleviate toxicity of Acacia angustissima leaves in sheep

1999 â—½  
Vol 133 (4) â—½  
pp. 445-454 â—½  
Author(s):  
E. M. SAARISALO â—½  
A. A. ODENYO â—½  
P. O. OSUJI
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol â—½  
Nutritive Value â—½  
Rumen Fluid â—½  
Latin Square â—½  
Gas Production â—½  
Rumen Content â—½  
Research Station â—½  
Acacia Angustissima

Methods to alleviate the toxicity of Acacia angustissima (acc. no 15132) were evaluated in vitro and in vivo at ILRI Debre Zeit Research station in Ethiopia in 1997–1998. In an in vitro evaluation, A. angustissima leaves were incubated for 120 h with rumen fluid from Borana steers consuming native hay and cotton seed cake or from free ranging goat and sheep. Addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG, molecular weight (MW) 4000) increased gas production (4·9 v. 13·9 ml/100 mg dry matter (DM)), ammonia concentration (5·2 v. 9·7 mmol/l) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) digestibility (380 v. 540 g/kg DM). In an in vivo experiment, Ethiopian highland sheep fed native hay and A. angustissima as a supplement (200 g/d) were inoculated with mixed rumen content from sheep gradually adapted on A. angustissima or were given PEG (MW 4000, 100 g/kg supplement) as methods to alleviate toxicity induced by A. angustissima. Sesbania sesban (acc. no 10865) with and without PEG were fed as a control. Effects on intake, apparent digestibility and nitrogen balance were studied in a 5×5 Latin square experiment. DM intake was increased by all the supplements (P<0·001) even though hay intake was slightly reduced compared to hay only (P<0·05). PEG increased intake of A. angustissima compared to inoculation. There were no significant differences in apparent DM or OM digestibility. Apparent nitrogen digestibility tended to be higher with S. sesban than with A. angustissima (P<0·10) and addition of PEG increased it with A. angustissima (P<0·05). Supplements increased ammonia and VFA concentrations and molar proportion of propionate (P<0·05). Supplements tended to increase microbial nitrogen supply (P<0·10) but there were no significant differences in efficiency of microbial synthesis. Supplements increased nitrogen retention (P<0·01) but due to short periods there were no significant differences in the live weights of sheep. All the animals remained healthy during the experiment suggesting that both methods used alleviated the toxicity of A. angustissima. Addition of PEG was more effective than inoculation in increasing intake and nutritive value of A. angustissima.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document