In vitro methods as predictors of voluntary intake and digestibility of hays fed to sheep

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 471 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Carro ◽  
S. López ◽  
J. S. González ◽  
F. J. Ovejero ◽  
M. J. Ranilla
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Multiple Regression Equation ◽  
In Vitro Methods ◽  
First Order Kinetics

Eleven sun-cured hays were used to study the suitability of different in vitro methods to predict their voluntary dry matter (DM) intake (VDMI; g DM/kg liveweight) and in vivo DM digestibility (DMD; g/kg). The methods used were: (1) gas production at different incubation times when hays were incubated in vitro with buffered rumen fluid, (2) DM disappearance at different incubation times with cellulase (CEL), (3) release of sugars to the supernatant after incubation with cellulase, and (4) optical density of the supernatant at λ = 280 nm (as an indicator of phenolic compounds release) after incubation with cellulase. All kinetic data were fitted to first-order kinetics models to estimate the rate of degradation and the potential degradability, and the average degradation rate and effective degradability (ED) were calculated. The most accurate prediction of VDMI was by using the average degradation rate of the CEL method in a single regression equation, which accounted for 0.78 of the variation in intake (residual s.d. = 1.40). When only data from grass-rich hays were considered, the inclusion of potential degradability and rate of degradation of the CEL method in a multiple regression equation accounted for 0.98 of the variation in intake (residual s.d. = 0.32). The ED of the CEL method explained 0.93 and 0.92 of the variation in the in vivo DMD for all hays and grass-rich hays, respectively (residual s.d. = 18.1 and 21.7, respectively). The predictive ability of the different methods is discussed and compared with that of the in situ technique that has been previously reported.

A comparison of near infra-red reflectance spectroscopy with three in vitro digestibility methods to predict digestibility in vivo in cereal straws

1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 ◽  
pp. 49-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
D I Givens ◽  
Jeannie M Everington ◽  
C K Baker
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
In Vitro Methods ◽  
Infra Red

There have been many attempts to use the measurement of cell wall fractions to predict the digestibility in vivo of untreated and alkali treated straws (see far example Sundstøl et al, 1978; Reid and Ørskov, 1987). All these attempts have shown this approach to have very low predictive ability for straws. Accordingly extensive use has been made of digestibility measurements in vitro using either rumen fluid (eg Sundstøl et al, 1978) or cellulase type enzymes (eg Jewell et al, 1986).Whilst in vitro methods appear to be useful predictors of digestibility in straws, they are slow and relatively expensive. The work reported here has compared their predictive power with that of near infra-red reflectance spectroscopy (NIR).A total of 123 cereal straws were used. These included 54 wheat, 43 barley and 4 oat straws all untreated and the 9 wheat, 9 barley and 4 oat straws oven-treated with ammonia previously described by Mason et al (1988).

Comparison of inocula from sheep and cattle for thein vitrogas production technique under tropical conditions

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 151-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.C.S. Bueno ◽  
A.L. Abdalla ◽  
S.L.S. Cabral Filho ◽  
D.M.S.S. Vitti ◽  
E. Owen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Production Techniques ◽  
Microbial Mass

The use of small ruminants, such as sheep, in metabolism studies is more convenient as handling problems are reduced and their maintenance costs are lower, in comparison with cattle. However in vivo digestibility estimates obtained at maintenance are known to differ between these two species. With the increased use ofin vitrogas production techniques, to evaluate ruminant feedingstuffs, it is of great importance to identify whether the species from which the rumen fluid inoculum is obtained has a significant influence on the results obtained.Rumen fluid samples were obtained from a non-lactating Holstein cow (C) and six wether sheep (S) offered the same diet (80 % tropical grass and 20 % dairy concentrate) and prepared so as to have similar dry matter (DM) contents and therefore potentially the microbial mass. Nine substrates (two tropical grasses 1-2, tropical alfalfa 3, barley straw 4, and five temperate grasses 5-9) were examined.

A survey of some in vitro methods used for animal nutrition research and extension work in Europe: the differences between the references and the truth

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 338-340
Author(s):  
C. R. Mills
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Concerted Action ◽  
In Vitro Methods ◽  
Nutrition Research ◽  
Extension Work ◽  
Nutritional Needs

As animal nutritionists are generally very cautious about using chemical analysis only for defining nutritional needs for livestock and as in vivo experiments are long, costly and subject to animal welfare legislation, much emphasis is placed on various in vitro analyses which are often regarded as being very informative in the absence of in vivo data. In vitro analyses may be applied to dry- (DMD) and organic-matter (OMD) digestibility and crude protein (CP) degradability (DG) and may involve ‘live’ cultures such as rumen fluid or gastric juices or ‘dead’ extracts containing enzymes. As part of an EU-funded Concerted Action (see Acknowledgements), a survey of the methods adopted for in vitro determinations (in vitro OMD, in vitro DG) for ruminants, pigs and poultry is underway: this paper presents a progress report of the information received to date concerning ruminant methods.The participants in the Concerted Action were asked to provide details of the in vitro methods actually in use in their countries, with particular attention to the methods used by the so-called Feed Information Centres (i.e. Feed Evaluation Units) for routine analyses (i.e. not experimental work). The participants supplied details of modifications and/or references to methods and this information was collated and circulated for checking and comment.

scholarly journals In Vivo Simulation of Magnesium Degradability Using a New Fluid Dynamic Bench Testing Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 4859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ole Jung ◽  
Dario Porchetta ◽  
Marie-Luise Schroeder ◽  
Martin Klein ◽  
Nils Wegner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Dynamic Test ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Human Blood Plasma ◽  
Degradation Rates

The degradation rate of magnesium (Mg) alloys is a key parameter to develop Mg-based biomaterials and ensure in vivo-mechanical stability as well as to minimize hydrogen gas production, which otherwise can lead to adverse effects in clinical applications. However, in vitro and in vivo results of the same material often differ largely. In the present study, a dynamic test bench with several single bioreactor cells was constructed to measure the volume of hydrogen gas which evolves during magnesium degradation to indicate the degradation rate in vivo. Degradation medium comparable with human blood plasma was used to simulate body fluids. The media was pumped through the different bioreactor cells under a constant flow rate and 37 °C to simulate physiological conditions. A total of three different Mg groups were successively tested: Mg WE43, and two different WE43 plasma electrolytically oxidized (PEO) variants. The results were compared with other methods to detect magnesium degradation (pH, potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), cytocompatibility, SEM (scanning electron microscopy)). The non-ceramized specimens showed the highest degradation rates and vast standard deviations. In contrast, the two PEO samples demonstrated reduced degradation rates with diminished standard deviation. The pH values showed above-average constant levels between 7.4–7.7, likely due to the constant exchange of the fluids. SEM revealed severe cracks on the surface of WE43 after degradation, whereas the ceramized surfaces showed significantly decreased signs of corrosion. PDP results confirmed the improved corrosion resistance of both PEO samples. While WE43 showed slight toxicity in vitro, satisfactory cytocompatibility was achieved for the PEO test samples. In summary, the dynamic test bench constructed in this study enables reliable and simple measurement of Mg degradation to simulate the in vivo environment. Furthermore, PEO treatment of magnesium is a promising method to adjust magnesium degradation.

Relationship between in vitro gas production and in vivo energy digestibility in growing pigs

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 142-142
Author(s):  
A.C. Longland ◽  
S.P. Bray ◽  
A.E. Brooks ◽  
M.K. Theodorou ◽  
A.G. Low
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Transducer ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production

In vitro methods which can be used to predict the nutritive value of feedstuflfs for livestock are attractive in terms of both speed and economy. The in vitro pressure transducer technique (PTT) whereby the gas evolved during the in vitro fermentation of feedstuffs in rumen fluid is quantified by a pressure transducer, has been used to predict the nutritive value of ruminant feedstuffs. Here the potential for the PTT in predicting the digestible energy contents of eight feedstuffs varying in non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) content fed to growing pigs, was investigated.

The use of degradation characteristics of browse plants to predict intake and digestibility by goats

1993 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kibont ◽  
E. R. Ørskov
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production

AbstractTwenty-five male goats weighing 16 (s.e. 1-5) kg and aged 15 months were used to measure the dry matter (DM) intake of five browse species namely Acacia albida, Tamarindus indica, Etanda africana, Anogeissus leiocarpus and Sterculia setigera in a growth trial lasting 16 weeks. This was followed by a digestion trial with five goats in a 5 × 5 Latin square with 10 days adaptation and a 5-day measurement period. The degradation characteristics of the browse were measured by incubating samples in nylon bags for 6, 24, 48 and 96 h in the rumens of three sheep fitted with rumen cannulae and given hay plus grass nuts. The exponential model P = a +b(l — ect) was fitted to the data. Rumen fluid from the sheep was also used as an inoculum to incubate the samples in vitro for 3, 6,12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. Nylon bag degradability results were compared with in vivo results and in vitro gas production. The mean DM intakes, apparent digestible DM intakes and growth rates were 0·60, 0·62, 0·55, 0·53 and 0·65 kg/day, 0·43, 0·43, 0·35, 0·34 and 0·49 kg/day and 55, 60, 49, 42 and 62 glday for A. albida, T. indica, E. africana, A. leiocarpus and S. setigera respectively. Using the degradation characteristics A, B and c in a multiple regression analysis, the correlation coefficients with DM intake, apparent DM digestibility, apparent digestible DM intake and growth rate were 0·99, 0·88, 0·92 and 0·99 respectively. The inclusion of a lag phase (L) instead of A in the regression analysis improved the prediction of apparent DM digestibility and apparent digestible DM intake. The correlation coefficients between DM loss in nylon bags and in vitro gas production at 6, 24 and 48 h incubation were 0·84, 0·83 and 0·90 respectively. The results indicate that it may be possible to predict DM and apparent digestible DM intakes of browse by goats from the rumen degradation characteristics.

scholarly journals In vitroindications for favourable non-additive effects on ruminal methane mitigation between high-phenolic and high-quality forages

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuraga Jayanegara ◽  
Svenja Marquardt ◽  
Elizabeth Wina ◽  
Michael Kreuzer ◽  
Florian Leiber
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Fermentative Capacity ◽  
Nutrient Utilisation ◽  
Swietenia Mahagoni

Feeding plants containing elevated levels of polyphenols may reduce ruminal CH4emissions, but at the expense of nutrient utilisation. There might, however, be non-additive effects when combining high-phenolic plants with well-digestible, high-nutrient feeds. To test whether non-additive effects exist, the leaves ofCarica papaya(high in dietary quality, low in polyphenols),Clidemia hirta(high in hydrolysable tannins),Swietenia mahagoni(high in condensed tannins) andEugenia aquea(high in non-tannin phenolics) were tested alone and in all possible mixtures (n15 treatments). An amount of 200 mg DM of samples was incubatedin vitro(24 h; 39oC) with buffered rumen fluid using the Hohenheim gas test apparatus. After the incubation, total gas production, CH4concentration and fermentation profiles were determined. The levels of absolute CH4, and CH4:SCFA and CH4:total gas ratios were lower (P< 0·05) when incubating a combination ofC. papayaand any high-phenolic plants (C. hirta,S. mahagoniandE. aquea) than when incubatingC. papayaalone. Additionally, mixtures resulted in non-additive effects for all CH4-related parameters of the order of 2–15 % deviation from the expected value (P< 0·01). This means that, by combining these plants, CH4in relation to the fermentative capacity was lower than that predicted when assuming the linearity of the effects. Similar non-additive effects of combiningC. papayawith the other plants were found for NH3concentrations but not for SCFA concentrations. In conclusion, using mixtures of high-quality plants and high-phenolic plants could be one approach to CH4mitigation; however, this awaitsin vivoconfirmation.

Stoichiometry ofin vitrofermentation of pure substrates with particular emphasis on methane production, using the cumulative gas production technique

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 24-24
Author(s):  
Angela R. Moss ◽  
Karen C. O'Callaghan
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Production Technique

There is a need to be able to measure the methane producing potential of a range of feedstuffs under different rumen conditions in order to predict more accurately the amount of methane produced per animal.In vitrotechniques using rumen fluid as an innoculum can be considered as models ofin vivorumen digestion and have been applied to estimate digestibility of feedstuffs. Thein vitrogas production technique (Menkeet. al., 1979) can be used successfully to estimate this but there has been limited attempts to use it to estimate the methane producing potential of feedstuffs. The objective was to assess the potential of the technique to do this.Three pure substrates, glucose (G), pectin (P) and cellulose (C) (lg) were pre-wetted in 94ml of medium D (Theodorouet. al., 1994). inoculated with strained rumen fluid (from wether sheep. 10ml) and incubated without agitation for 72h at 39°C.

scholarly journals In vitro estimation of rumen fermentable organic matter using rumen fluid and a cell free preparation of rumen fluid

1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.W. Cone ◽  
A.H. Van Gelder ◽  
E.T. Veerman ◽  
A.M. Van Vuuren
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Good Prediction ◽  
Feed Composition ◽  
In Vitro Methods ◽  
In Situ Method ◽  
A Cell

The amount of microbial protein leaving the rumen is considered as a function of the amount of rumen-fermentable organic matter (FOM) in the rumen. FOM can be calculated using tables, or estimated by in situ incubation, but both methods have some drawbacks. In vitro methods were therefore developed to estimate FOM, using fresh rumen fluid or a cell-free preparation of rumen fluid. Results were compared with the in situ method and a method using chemical feed composition. The in vitro methods gave a good prediction of the in situ estimation of FOM for the majority of feeds. For some feeds rich in starch or fat, the correlation was poor. Because no in vivo data of FOM were available, it could not be determined whether the in vitro or in situ methods gave false results. However, arguments suggest that the in situ method is not suitable for some feeds.

Methane production from a range of feedstuffs as determined in vitro using the cumulative gas production technique and compared with that measured in vivo

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 ◽  
pp. 194-194
Author(s):  
Angela R. Moss ◽  
D. I. Givens
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Production Technique

There is a need to be able to measure the methane producing potential of a range of feedstuffs under different rumen conditions in order to predict more accurately the amount of methane produced per animal. In vitro techniques using rumen fluid as an innoculum can be considered as models of in vivo rumen digestion and have been applied to estimate digestibility of feedstuffs. The in vitro gas production technique (Menke et. al, 1979) can be used successfully to estimate this but there have been limited attempts to use it to estimate the methane producing potential of feedstuffs. The objective was to assess the potential of the technique to do this.

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