scholarly journals Lactobacillus acidophilussupplementation in human subjects and their resistance to enterotoxigenicEscherichia coliinfection

2013 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Ouwehand ◽  
S. J. M. ten Bruggencate ◽  
A. J. Schonewille ◽  
E. Alhoniemi ◽  
S. D. Forssten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Placebo Treatment ◽  
Oral Challenge ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Faecal Calprotectin ◽  
Probiotic Treatment ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Bristol Stool Scale ◽  
Etec Infection

To assess the effect ofLactobacillus acidophilus(American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 700396) on enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli(ETEC) infection, in the present study, a parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled 4-week intervention was performed in healthy males. The subjects largely consumed their habitual diet, but had to abstain from consuming dairy foods generally high in Ca. The subjects were randomised into theL. acidophilus(dose 109colony-forming units twice daily;n20) or the placebo (n19) group. After an adaptation period of 2 weeks, the subjects were orally infected with a live, but attenuated, ETEC vaccine, able to induce mild, short-lived symptoms. Before and after the challenge, the subjects recorded stool consistency, bowel habits, and frequency and severity of gastrointestinal complaints. The ETEC challenge led to a significant increase in faecal output on the 2nd day and a concomitant increase in Bristol stool scale scores. Likewise, abdominal pain, bloating, flatulence, fever, headache and nausea peaked 1 d after the oral challenge. The concentrations of faecal calprotectin and IgA peaked 2 d after and that of serum IgM peaked 9 and 15 d after the oral challenge. The concentrations of serum IgA and IgG were unaffected. The ETEC challenge led to a reduction in the number ofBacteroides–Prevotella,Bifidobacterium,Clostridiumcluster XIVab and total faecal bacteria. Probiotic treatment was associated with a larger increase in Bristol stool scale scores and more fever, headache and nausea after the ETEC challenge compared with the placebo treatment. These differences were, however, small and with substantial variation within the groups. Oral application of an attenuated live ETEC vaccine provides a useful model for food-borne infections. Supplementation withL. acidophilusATCC 700396, however, was ineffective in reducing ETEC infection symptoms in healthy men.

scholarly journals Evaluating the effects of probiotics in pediatrics with recurrent abdominal pain

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 485-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Rahmani ◽  
Azin Ghouran-orimi ◽  
Farzaneh Motamed ◽  
Alireza Moradzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Recurrent Abdominal Pain ◽  
Placebo Treatment ◽  
Functional Abdominal Pain ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Probiotic Treatment ◽  
Rome Iii ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Background: Recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) is one of the frequent complaints in general practice, particularly in pediatrics and is among the common cause of referral to gastroenterology clinics.Purpose: This study is designed to investigate the effects of probiotics for the treatment of RAP and desired therapeutic outcomes.Methods: One hundred twenty-five children with the diagnosis of RAP according to Rome III criteria for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional abdominal pain (FAP), functional dyspepsia (FD), and abdominal migraine (AM), were enrolled in this double-blind randomized controlled trial.Results: Sixty-five subjects received probiotics, and others received placebo treatment for 4 weeks. <i>Lactobacillus reuteri</i> was therapeutically effective in 32 patients compared to 8 patients, responding to the placebo treatment. Compared to baseline, all pain-related variables showed a significant reduction for the IBS and FD at the end of the 4th week. However, it did not respond well in FAP and AM groups. Pain-related outcomes such as, frequency of the pain, severity, and duration of the pain were decreased following the probiotic treatment. No therapeutic response was seen in AM group after the administration of probiotics. <i>L. reuteri</i> significantly led to pain relief in the overall population, and also in FAP, FD, and IBS subgroups.Conclusion: <i>L. reuteri</i> probiotics are likely to lead to RAP relief and can be recommended for the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders.

scholarly journals Intestinal Permeability Measured by Urinary Sucrose Excretion Correlates with Serum Zonulin and Faecal Calprotectin Concentrations in UC Patients in Remission

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. M. Wegh ◽  
N. M. de Roos ◽  
R. Hovenier ◽  
J. Meijerink ◽  
I. Besseling-van der Vaart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Permeability ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Stool Frequency ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Faecal Calprotectin ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Sugar Absorption ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Probiotic Treatment

Background and Aims. Ulcerative colitis (UC) is associated with an increased intestinal permeability, possibly through a dysbiosis of intestinal bacteria. We investigated which markers are most relevant to assess intestinal permeability in UC patients and whether probiotics had an effect on these markers. Methods. In this twelve-week placebo-controlled randomized double-blind study, twenty-five subjects with UC in remission received either placebo or a multispecies probiotics. Samples of blood, urine, and faeces were taken at baseline, week 6, and week 12 to assess intestinal permeability and inflammation. Diaries and Bristol stool scale were kept to record stool frequency and consistency. Quality of life was scored from 32–224 with the inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire (IBD-Q). Results. This group of UC patients, in clinical remission, did not show increased intestinal permeability at baseline of this study. During the study, no significant group or time effects were found for intestinal permeability measured by the 5-sugar absorption test, serum zonulin, and faecal zonulin. Likewise, the inflammatory markers C-reactive protein (CRP), calprotectin, and the cytokines IFNγ, TNFα, IL-6, and IL-10 were not significantly affected. Stool frequency and consistency were not significantly affected either. The IBD-Q score, 194 for the probiotics group and 195 for the placebo group, remained unaffected. Correlations were tested between all outcomes; urinary sucrose excretion was significantly correlated with serum zonulin (r = 0.62) and faecal calprotectin (r = 0.55). Faecal zonulin was not significantly correlated with any of the other markers. Conclusion. Serum zonulin may be a more relevant biomarker of intestinal permeability than faecal zonulin, due to its correlation with other biomarkers of intestinal permeability. UC patients in remission did not show an effect of the probiotic treatment or a change in gut permeability. This should not discourage further studies because effects might be present during active disease or shortly after a flare up.

scholarly journals IL-6 Receptor Blockade Increases Circulating Adiponectin Levels in People with Obesity: An Explanatory Analysis

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Stephan Wueest ◽  
Eleonora Seelig ◽  
Katharina Timper ◽  
Mark P. Lyngbaek ◽  
Kristian Karstoft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Receptor Blockade ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Clinical Trial ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽  
Obese Human

Human obesity is associated with decreased circulating adiponectin and elevated leptin levels. In vitro experiments and studies in high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice suggest that interleukin-6 (IL-6) may regulate adiponectin and leptin release from white adipose tissue (WAT). Herein, we aimed to investigate whether IL-6 receptor blockade affects the levels of circulating adiponectin and leptin in obese human individuals. To this end, serum samples collected during a multicenter, double-blind clinical trial were analyzed. In the latter study, obese human subjects with or without type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to recurrent placebo or intravenous tocilizumab (an IL-6 receptor antibody) administration during a 12-week exercise training intervention. Twelve weeks of tocilizumab administration (in combination with exercise training) trend wise enhanced the decrease in circulating leptin levels (−2.7 ± 8.2% in the placebo vs. −20.6 ± 5.6% in tocilizumab, p = 0.08) and significantly enhanced the increase in circulating adiponectin (3.4 ± 3.7% in the placebo vs. 27.0 ± 6.6% in tocilizumab, p = 0.01). In addition, circulating adiponectin levels were negatively correlated with the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), indicating that increased adiponectin levels positively affect insulin sensitivity in people with obesity. In conclusion, IL-6 receptor blockade increases circulating adiponectin levels in people with obesity.

scholarly journals Intravenous administration of LPS activates the kynurenine pathway in healthy male human subjects: a prospective placebo-controlled cross-over trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Millischer ◽  
Matthias Heinzl ◽  
Anthi Faka ◽  
Michael Resl ◽  
Ada Trepci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Picolinic Acid ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Placebo Treatment ◽  
Kynurenine Pathway ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Systemic Injection ◽  
Plasma Tryptophan ◽  
Endotoxemia Model

Abstract Background Administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria, also known as the human endotoxemia model, is a standardized and safe model of human inflammation. Experimental studies have revealed that peripheral administration of LPS leads to induction of the kynurenine pathway followed by depressive-like behavior and cognitive dysfunction in animals. The aim of the present study is to investigate how acute intravenous LPS administration affects the kynurenine pathway in healthy male human subjects. Methods The present study is a prospective, single-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over study to investigate the effects of intravenously administered LPS (Escherichia coli O113, 2 ng/kg) on tryptophan and kynurenine metabolites over 48 h and their association with interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP). The study included 10 healthy, non-smoking men (18–40 years) free from medication. Statistical differences in tryptophan and kynurenine metabolites as well as associations with IL-6 and CRP in LPS and placebo treated subjects were assessed with linear mixed-effects models. Results Systemic injection of LPS was associated with significantly lower concentrations of plasma tryptophan and kynurenine after 4 h, as well as higher concentrations of quinolinic acid (QUIN) after 48 h compared to the placebo injection. No differences were found in kynurenic acid (KYNA) or picolinic acid plasma concentrations between LPS or placebo treatment. The KYNA/kynurenine ratio peaked at 6 h post LPS injection while QUIN/kynurenine maintained significantly higher from 3 h post LPS injection until 24 h. The kynurenine/tryptophan ratio was higher at 24 h and 48 h post LPS treatment. Finally, we report an association between the kynurenine/tryptophan ratio and CRP. Conclusions Our findings strongly support the concept that an inflammatory challenge with LPS induces the kynurenine pathway in humans, activating both the neurotoxic (QUIN) and neuroprotective (KYNA) branch of the kynurenine pathway. Trial registration This study is based on a study registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03392701. Registered 21 December 2017.

scholarly journals Lactobacillus plantarum HAC01 Supplementation Improves Glycemic Control in Prediabetic Subjects: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2337
Author(s):  
Mi-Ra Oh ◽  
Hui-Yeon Jang ◽  
Si-Yeon Lee ◽  
Su-Jin Jung ◽  
Soo-Wan Chae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
Hba1c Levels

A recent animal study demonstrated that administration of Lactobacillus plantarum HAC01 isolated from Korean kimchi improved glycemic control in type 2 diabetic mice. In the present study, we evaluated Lactobacillus plantarum HAC01’s effects on metabolic parameters of prediabetic human subjects. Forty subjects with isolated impaired glucose tolerance were randomly assigned to receive a daily placebo (n = 20) or a dose of Lactobacillus plantarum HAC01 (n = 20) over eight weeks. The primary endpoint was a change in 2 h postprandial glucose (2h-PPG) levels and the secondary endpoints were assessment of other glucose metabolism parameters, including HbA1c, gut microbiota composition, and fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The group with a diet supplemented with Lactobacillus plantarum HAC01 saw a significant reduction in 2h-PPG and HbA1c levels compared to the placebo group. Fasting plasma glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, QUICKI, microbiota composition, and fecal SCFAs, however, were not significantly altered. No serious adverse effects were reported. This is the first clinical trial to show a beneficial effect of single-strain probiotic supplementation administered over eight weeks on HbA1c levels in prediabetic subjects.

scholarly journals Acute systemic experimental inflammation does not reduce human odor identification performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Tognetti ◽  
G Sarolidou ◽  
J Lasselin ◽  
M Lekander ◽  
M J Olsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Placebo Treatment ◽  
Olfactory Dysfunction ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Identification Performance ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Olfactory Identification ◽  
Factor Α

Abstract Olfactory dysfunction is a common symptom of various diseases but the underlying pathophysiology has not been fully understood. Evidence from both animal and human studies suggests that local inflammation of the olfactory epithelium is linked to olfactory dysfunction. However, whether systemic inflammation causes olfactory dysfunction is yet to be determined. In the present behavioral study, we set out to test whether acute systemic inflammation impairs olfactory identification performance by inducing a transient and controlled state of systemic inflammation using an experimental endotoxemia model. We treated young, otherwise healthy, participants (N=20) with a relatively high dose (2.0 ng/kg) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and a placebo treatment in a double-blind within-subject design, and assessed participants’ ability to identify odors using the MONEX-40, a reliable method for experimental assessment of odor ID ability in healthy and young individuals. Our results show that olfactory identification performance was not affected by the acute systemic inflammation triggered by the injection of LPS. Moreover, no associations were found between the change of olfactory performance followed by LPS injection and levels of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α). Because experimental LPS-induced systemic inflammation does not affect olfactory identification performance, our findings suggest that chronic, rather than transient, systemic inflammation is a more likely mechanism to explore in order to explain the olfactory deficits observed in inflammatory diseases.

Clinical and attentional effects of acute nicotine treatment in Tourette’s syndrome

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne L. Howson ◽  
Sue Batth ◽  
Vadim Ilivitsky ◽  
Armand Boisjoli ◽  
Martine Jaworski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Placebo Treatment ◽  
Tourette's Syndrome ◽  
Tourette’S Syndrome ◽  
Continuous Performance Task ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Nicotine Treatment ◽  
Related Potentials

AbstractEvidence from pre-clinical infrahuman investigations, open-label clinical trials, and a single controlled trial found acute nicotine treatment potentiated up to 4 weeks neuroleptic-induced reductions of dyskinetic symptoms characterizing Tourette’s syndrome (TS). Given the attentional disturbances associated with this syndrome, and the improvements in attentional processes reported with nicotine, this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial examined the acute (4 h) and sustained (2 weeks) effects of a single dose of transdermal nicotine on clinical (i.e., tics), attentional (continuous performance task, event-related potentials, patient and parental reports) and behavioral symptoms in 23 children and adolescents with TS receiving neuroleptic treatment. In the 14 evaluable patients with complete primary efficacy data, nicotine (compared to placebo) failed to alter symptoms at 4 h but counteracted ERP-P300 signs of diminished attention seen 2 weeks following placebo treatment. Secondary efficacy measures, including patient self-reports and parental ratings, found nicotine to reduce complex tics and improve behaviors related to inattention. Additional work with intermittent dosing schedules is required to characterize optimal clinical and cognitive effects with nicotine treatment.

Gastrointestinal ecology response of piglets’ diets containing non-starch polysaccharide hydrolysis products and egg yolk antibodies following an oral challenge with Escherichia coli (k88)

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Kiarie ◽  
B A Slominski ◽  
D O Krause ◽  
C M Nyachoti
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Oral Challenge ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Egg Yolk Antibodies ◽  
Hydrolysis Products ◽  
K88 Fimbriae ◽  
Polysaccharide Hydrolysis

The gastrointestinal ecology (GE) of piglets fed diets containing non-starch polysaccharide hydrolysis products (HP) and egg yolk antibodies against K88 fimbriae (EYA) following oral challenge with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 (ETEC) was investigated. The HP were products of incubating feedstuffs with a blend of carbohydrase enzymes. Forty, 21-d-old pigs (two pigs/pen) were assigned to four diets to give five pens per diet. The diets were: a control fed without or with 5 g kg-1 of HP and EYA either singly or in combination forming a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Following a 9-d adaptation period, all pigs were orally challenged with ETEC and killed at 24 and 48 h post-challenge (one pig/pen on each occasion). Feeding HP increased pre-challenge average daily gain (252 vs. 207 g d-1; P = 0.01). An interaction (P < 0.10) between EYA and HP was observed such that when fed in combination they resulted in higher ileal digesta lactic acid and cecal DM contents and lower ileal digesta ammonia. The main effects (P < 0.05) were such that pigs fed EYA-diets had shorter intestinal crypt whilst pigs fed HP-diets showed low gastric pH and high ileal mucosal adherent lactobacilli counts. In conclusion, HP and EYA influenced indices of fermentative characteristics and intestinal morphology in the gastrointestinal ecology of piglets orally challenged with enterotoxigenic E. coli (k88).Key words: Egg yolk antibodies, ETEC, gastrointestinal ecology, non-starch polysaccharides hydrolysis products, piglet

scholarly journals The Effect of an Encapsulated Nutrient Mixture on Food Intake and Satiety: A Double-Blind Randomized Cross-Over Proof of Concept Study

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annick Alleleyn ◽  
Mark van Avesaat ◽  
Dina Ripken ◽  
Sinéad Bleiel ◽  
Daniel Keszthelyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Distal Small Intestine ◽  
Active Product ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Control Product ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
And Control

Activation of the intestinal brake by infusing nutrients into the distal small intestine with catheters inhibits food intake and enhances satiety. Encapsulation of macronutrients, which protects against digestion in the proximal gastrointestinal tract, can be a non-invasive alternative to activate this brake. In this study, we investigate the effect of oral ingestion of an encapsulated casein and sucrose mixture (active) targeting the distal small intestine versus a control product designed to be released in the stomach on food intake, satiety, and plasma glucose concentrations. Fifty-nine volunteers received the active and control product on two separate test days. Food intake was determined during an ad libitum meal 90 min after ingestion of the test product. Visual analogue scale scores for satiety and blood samples for glucose analysis were collected at regular intervals. Ingestion of the active product decreased food intake compared to the control product (655 kcal compared with 699 kcal, respectively, p < 0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) for hunger was decreased (p < 0.05) and AUC for satiety was increased (p < 0.01) after ingestion of the active product compared to the control product. Ingestion of an encapsulated protein-carbohydrate mixture resulted in inhibition of food intake compared to a non-encapsulated control product.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document