scholarly journals General and abdominal adiposity in a representative sample of Portuguese adults: dependency of measures and socio-demographic factors’ influence

2015 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Kowalkowska ◽  
Rui Poínhos ◽  
Bela Franchini ◽  
Cláudia Afonso ◽  
Flora Correia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Representative Sample ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Abdominal Adiposity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

AbstractThe aims of this study were: (i) to estimate the dependency between BMI and waist:height ratio (WHtR) as measures of general and abdominal adiposity, and (ii) to evaluate the influence of socio-demographic factors on both measures and on their dependency in risk classification. Data from a cross-sectional study conducted in 2009 among a representative sample of 3529 Portuguese adults were used. Height, weight and waist were measured and socio-demographic data (sex, age, education level, occupational status, marital status, region of residence) were obtained. Using logistic regression, crude and adjusted OR for high general (BMI≥25·0 kg/m2) and abdominal (WHtR≥0·5) adiposity, and for incompatible classification between them, were calculated. Above half (50·8 %) of the respondents had high BMI and 42·1 % had high WHtR, and the rates were higher in men than in women. There was an inverse association between education level and both adiposity measures. The lowest prevalence of high general and abdominal adiposity was observed in students and singles, whereas the highest was found in retired, widowed and respondents from Azores, Madeira and Alentejo. Nearly a quarter of respondents (24·0 %) were incompatibly classified by BMI and WHtR, with higher prevalence in men than in women and in low- than in high-educated people. Future surveys should focus on developing at least sex-specific cut-offs for both measures. Implementation of effective strategies for preventing and reducing high adiposity levels in Portugal should be directed primarily to men, older, low-educated individuals, as well as those living in the islands and poor regions of the country.

scholarly journals Prevalence and socio-demographic factors associated with physical inactivity among primary health care users in Tirana, Albania: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldo Shpuza ◽  
Xhesika Xhetani
Keyword(s):  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) defines physical activity (PA) as any movement of the body produced by skeletal muscle that requires expenditure of energy. The aim of research is to assess the prevalence of and socio-demographic characteristics associated with physical inactivity (PI) among adult primary healthcare (PHC) users in Tirana, the capital of Albania.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out in Tirana from November 2020 to January 2021. During this period 500 consecutively approached individuals aged ≥18 years exiting PHC centers were interviewed face-to-face about the presence of some of the risk factors for non-communicable disease. A structured WHO STEPS questionnaire, an integrated part of which is the instrument required for this study, “Global PA Questionnaire,” was used. In addition to demographic and socioeconomic data, we obtained data on the performance of PA in terms of domains, duration, and intensity. Logistic regression was used to assess socio-demographic factors associated with PI.Results: Prevalence of PI in the study population was 31.6%. Following multivariable adjustment for all covariates, significant positive correlates of PI were female gender, rural residence, retiree status, and unemployment. Conversely, there was an inverse association with moderate level of education.Conclusions: Similar to that of other European populations, the population of Tirana has a high rate of PI showing an upward tendency. The population groups at the highest risk of PI who may be targeted for intervention programs to address this risk factor are women, rural residents, unemployed persons, and retirees.

scholarly journals Knowledge of family planning and contraceptive use among indigenous women in Dinajpur, Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
U. K. Majumder ◽  
M. Salauddin Khan
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Background: Knowledge of family planning (KFP) and contraceptive use play a vital role in controlling the level of fertility. The association between indigenous women's KFP and contraceptive use was badly found in inadequate studies. This study aimed to determine the factors that connect contraceptives use as well as gathering KFP of indigenous women.Methods: This study was carried out among purposively selected six Upazilas of Dinajpur district, where most of the indigenous peoples live. About 223 respondents were randomly selected for data collection by using a structured questionnaire. Univariate and bivariate analyses were used to describe the individual variables, and to find the associations among the variables. Binary logistic regression analysis was applied to determine the effects of selected socio-demographic factors on KFP and contraceptive use. Results: The results acknowledged that contraceptive use was found higher among school attended women (69%) and women (75%) of service holder husbands. Women who were involved in higher working status also use more contraceptives and are concerned about KFP. Pill and injections were more used among modern methods. Location, school attendance, educational and occupational status of the respondent and their husbands were found to be significantly associated with KFP and use of contraception among indigenous women.Conclusions: KFP and contraceptive use among women defined a gap was identified. By creating educational and employment opportunities for women to be enhanced the KFP and contraceptive use. Also, the socio-demographic factors needed to be taken into consideration in formulating policies and implementing programs among women.

scholarly journals Oral diseases and socio-demographic factors in adolescents living in Maasai population areas of Tanzania: a cross-sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lutango D. Simangwa ◽  
Anne N. Åstrøm ◽  
Anders Johansson ◽  
Irene K. Minja ◽  
Ann-Katrin Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

scholarly journals Maternal co-relates of anaemia among children aged 1-3 years of age in a rural area of Meerut

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 3532
Author(s):  
Tanveer Bano ◽  
Abhishek Agarwal ◽  
Sunil Kumar Garg ◽  
Harivansh Chopra ◽  
Seema Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Education ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Severe Anaemia ◽  
Maternal Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Present Cross Sectional Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
Iron Folic Acid ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Background: Iron deficiency anaemia constitutes more than half of the anaemia burden among the under 5 children. In addition to socio-demographic factors, the maternal factors plays an important role in determining childhood anaemia. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of anaemia among 1-3 year old children and to find their association with maternal factors.Methods: The present cross sectional study was conducted in a sub centre village under Machhra CHC. Sample size was calculated as 182 by taking the prevalence of anaemia as 79% with 7.5% relative precision and 95% confidence interval. From the list of 404 children obtained from MCTS data, 200 children were selected randomly. Detailed information regarding socio demographic factors and maternal factors was obtained on a pre tested and pre designed questionnaire. Hemoglobin levels were estimated using haemo check rapid diagnostic kit. The data was collected and analyzed on epi info 3.7.2 using appropriate statistical tests.Results: Out of 200 children 77.5% of them were suffering from mild to severe anaemia. Among all the maternal factors studied maternal education, iron folic acid consumption during pregnancy, birth order of the index case and history of exclusive breast feeding were found to be significantly associated with prevalence of anaemia among the children.Conclusions: The present study revealed a high prevalence of anaemia in children and maternal factors plays an important role in determining the disease. 

scholarly journals The Influence of Socioeconomic Status on the Presence and Degree of Erectile Dysfunction in Men With Coronary Artery Disease—A Cross-Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 155798831983437
Author(s):  
Lesław Rusiecki ◽  
Romuald Zdrojowy ◽  
Jana Gebala ◽  
Małgorzata Sobieszczańska ◽  
Ryszard Smoliński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional

Impairment of social functioning and low economic status may lead to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and erectile dysfunction (ED) in patients with clinically significant CVD. A total of 808 male patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) were recruited. Socioeconomic and demographic data as well as occupational data and the presence of modifiable risk factors were collected. Erection quality was assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function 5 (IIEF-5), while physical activity was evaluated using a modified Framingham questionnaire. Relationships among the presence of socioeconomic factors (marital status, education, income, occupational status, nature of work conducted, and demographic data), intensity of ED, and time from diagnosis of IHD were assessed. ED was diagnosed in 618 men (76.49% overall; severe in 23.14%, moderate to severe in 13.11%, moderate in 32.20%, mild in 31.55%). Patients with ED were older (61 ± 8.6 vs. 53 ± 9.1 years; p < .0001), were less active (6.97 ± 2.18 vs. 8.31 ± 2.34 Metabolic Equivalent [METs]; p < .0001), and had more modifiable risk factors (3.4 ± 1.1 vs. 3.2 ± 1.0; p < .0300). Higher education was associated with a lower probability of the occurrence of ED (OR = 0.7546; 95% CI [0.6221, 0.9153]). In patients with newly diagnosed IHD, SES correlated significantly with the presence of ED ( p = .009). Education in patients suffering from CVD has a significant relationship with both the occurrence and degree of ED. Economic status was significantly linked to the presence and degree of ED only in patients with IHD diagnosed less than 2 months before entering the study.

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