scholarly journals Effects of prenatal n-3 fatty acid supplementation on offspring resolvins at birth and 12 years of age: a double-blind, randomised controlled clinical trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 118 (11) ◽  
pp. 971-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valene H. L. See ◽  
Emilie Mas ◽  
Susan L. Prescott ◽  
Lawrence J. Beilin ◽  
Sally Burrows ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Human Cord Blood ◽  
Fatty Acid Supplementation ◽  
Acid Supplementation

AbstractResolution of inflammation is an active process involving specialised pro-resolving mediators (SPM) generated from the n-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA. n-3 Fatty acid supplementation during pregnancy may provide an intervention strategy to modify these novel SPM. This study aimed to assess the effect of n-3 fatty acid supplementation in pregnancy on offspring SPM at birth and 12 years of age (12 years). In all, ninety-eight atopic pregnant women were randomised to 3·7 g daily n-3 fatty acids or a control (olive oil), from 20 weeks gestation until delivery. Blood was collected from the offspring at birth and at 12 years. Plasma SPM consisting of 18-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (18-HEPE), E-series resolvins, 17-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid (17-HDHA), D-series resolvins, 14-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid (14-HDHA), 10 S,17S-dihydroxydocosahexaenoic acid, maresins and protectin 1, were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem MS. We identified the resolvins RvE1, RvE2, RvE3, RvD1, 17R-RvD1 and RvD2 for the first time in human cord blood. n-3 Fatty acids increased cord blood 18-HEPE (P<0·001) derived from EPA relative to the control group. DHA-derived 17-HDHA at birth was significantly increased in the n-3 fatty acid group relative to the controls (P=0·001), but other SPM were not different between the groups. n-3 Fatty acid supplementation during pregnancy was associated with an increase in SPM precursors in the offspring at birth but the effects were not sustained at 12 years. The presence of these SPM, particularly at birth, may have functions relevant in the newborn that remain to be established, which may be useful for future investigations.

Cardiac function in children with premature ventricular contractions: the effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 949-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taliha Oner ◽  
Rahmi Ozdemir ◽  
Onder Doksöz ◽  
Dildar B. Genc ◽  
Baris Guven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Premature Ventricular Contraction ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Ventricular Contraction ◽  
Premature Ventricular Contractions ◽  
Fatty Acid Supplementation ◽  
Acid Supplementation

AbstractBackgroundPremature ventricular contractions are accepted as benign in structurally normal hearts. However, reversible cardiomyopathy can sometimes develop. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have anti-arrhythmic properties in animals and humans.AimWe evaluated left ventricular function in children with premature ventricular contractions with normal cardiac anatomy and assessed the impact of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on left ventricular function in a prospective trial.MethodsA total of 25 patients with premature ventricular contraction, with more than 2% premature ventricular contractions on 24-hour Holter electrocardiography, and 30 healthy patients were included into study. All patients underwent electrocardiography, left ventricular M-mode echocardiography, and myocardial performance index testing. Patients with premature ventricular contraction were given omega-3 fatty acids at a dose of 1 g/day for 3 months, and control echocardiography and 24-hour Holter electrocardiography were performed. Neither placebo nor omega-3 fatty acids were given to the control group.ResultsCompared with the values of the control group, the patients with premature ventricular contraction had significantly lower fractional shortening. The myocardial performance index decreased markedly in the patient groups. The mean heart rate and mean premature ventricular contraction percentage of Group 2 significantly decreased in comparison with their baseline values after the omega-3 supplementation.ConclusionIn conclusion, premature ventricular contractions can lead to systolic cardiac dysfunction in children. Omega-3 supplementation may improve cardiac function in children with premature ventricular contractions. This is the first study conducted in children to investigate the possible role of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on treatment of premature ventricular contractions.

The effects of n-3 fatty acids from flaxseed oil on genetic and metabolic profiles in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 123 (7) ◽  
pp. 792-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehri Jamilian ◽  
Zohreh Tabassi ◽  
Željko Reiner ◽  
Ida Panahandeh ◽  
Fatemeh Naderi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Flaxseed Oil ◽  
Metabolic Profiles ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Fatty Acid Supplementation ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Acid Supplementation

AbstractThe present study was performed to evaluate the effects of n-3 fatty acids from flaxseed oil on genetic and metabolic profiles in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed in sixty women with GDM. Participants were randomly divided into two groups to intake either 2 × 1000 mg/d n-3 fatty acids from flaxseed oil containing 400 mg α-linolenic acid in each capsule (n 30) or placebo (n 30) for 6 weeks. n-3 Fatty acid intake up-regulated PPAR-γ (P < 0·001) and LDL receptor (P = 0·004) and down-regulated gene expression of IL-1 (P = 0·002) and TNF-α (P = 0·001) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of subjects with GDM. In addition, n-3 fatty acid supplementation reduced fasting plasma glucose (P = 0·001), insulin levels (P = 0·001) and insulin resistance (P < 0·001) and increased insulin sensitivity (P = 0·005) when compared with the placebo. Additionally, n-3 fatty acid supplementation was associated with a decrease in TAG (P < 0·001), VLDL-cholesterol (P < 0·001), total cholesterol (P = 0·01) and total cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio (P = 0·01) when compared with placebo. n-3 Fatty acid administration was also associated with a significant reduction in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (P = 0·006) and malondialdehyde (P < 0·001), and an increase in total nitrite (P < 0·001) and total glutathione levels (P = 0·006) when compared with the placebo. n-3 Fatty acid supplementation for 6 weeks to women with GDM had beneficial effects on gene expression related to insulin, lipid and inflammation, glycaemic control, lipids, inflammatory markers and oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation Reduces Inflammation in Obese Pregnant Women: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Clinical Trial

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e0137309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maricela Haghiac ◽  
Xiao-hua Yang ◽  
Larraine Presley ◽  
Shoi Smith ◽  
Shirley Dettelback ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Fatty Acid Supplementation ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid

The effect of Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in systemic lupus erythematosus patients: A systematic review

Lupus ◽  
2022 ◽  
pp. 096120332110679
Author(s):  
Nina Ramessar ◽  
Abhilasha Borad ◽  
Naomi Schlesinger
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Fatty Acid Supplementation ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid

Objective Many rheumatologists are inundated with questions about what “natural remedies” and “anti-autoimmune diets” exist for decreasing Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) disease activity. Over the last three decades, there has been an abundance of data from several different trials about omega-3 fatty acids sourced from fish oil, but the findings have been contradictory. This review seeks to present this data so that evidence-based recommendations can be given to patients, supporting the use of an adjuvant regimen with their present immunosuppression. Methods A literature search was conducted using the PubMed, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, and Scopus electronic databases to retrieve relevant articles for this review. Trials conducted on human subjects with SLE with full publications in English were included from 1 January 1980 to 1 April 2021. The impact of fish oil-derived omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on specific clinical features, the innate and adaptive immune response, biomarkers, and disease activity measures were assessed. The initial search yielded 7519 articles, but only 13 met our criteria and were eligible for this review. Results Data from thirteen articles were assessed. Ten trials assessed disease activity as an outcome, with eight trials demonstrating an improvement in patients in the omega-3 fatty acid group as assessed by a validated clinical tool or individual patient criteria. There was a significant improvement in Systemic Lupus Activity Measure-Revised (SLAM-R) scores at week 12 ( p = .009) and week 24 ( p < .001). Additionally, a reduction of urinary 8-isoprostane, a non-invasive marker of disease activity, was observed. There was no treatment benefit seen with respect to renal parameters such as serum creatinine or 24-hour urine protein; or systemic parameters such as C3, C4, or anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) levels regardless of the dose of the omega-3 LUPUS fatty acids or duration of the trial. Conclusion While there is conflicting evidence about the benefits of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on SLE disease activity, specific measures have demonstrated benefits. Current data show that there is a potential benefit on disease activity as demonstrated by SLAM-R, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI), and British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) scores and plasma membrane arachidonic acid composition and urinary 8-isoprostane levels, with minimal adverse events.

Negative Effects of Oral Fatty Acid Supplementation on Sweat Chloride in Cystic Fibrosis

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-52
Author(s):  
John D. Lloyd-Still ◽  
Stuart H. Simon ◽  
Hans U. Wessel ◽  
Lewis E. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Sweat Rate ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Safflower Oil ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Fatty Acid Supplementation ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
Sweat Chloride

Essential fatty acid supplementation with oral safflower oil (1 gm/kg/day) to 11 cystic fibrosis patients (aged 6 months to 14 years) for one year produced no significant change in sweat chloride concentration (mEq/liter) or sweat rate (gm/min/m2). Addition of vitamin E (10 mg/kg/day) to the safflower oil had no effect on sweat chloride concentration or rate compared to placebo. No clinical improvement could be detected compared to a control group. These results do not support previous reports of the effects of fatty acid supplementation on sweat electrolyte concentrations in cystic fibrosis.

scholarly journals Increases in Colonic Bacterial Diversity after ω-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation Predict Decreased Colonic Prostaglandin E2 Concentrations in Healthy Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 (7) ◽  
pp. 1170-1179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zora Djuric ◽  
Christine M Bassis ◽  
Melissa A Plegue ◽  
Ananda Sen ◽  
D Kim Turgeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Prostaglandin E2 ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Baseline Body Mass Index ◽  
Fatty Acid Supplementation ◽  
Acid Supplementation

ABSTRACT Background The intestinal microbiome is an important determinant of inflammatory balance in the colon that may affect response to dietary agents. Objective This is a secondary analysis of a clinical trial, the Fish Oil Study, to determine whether interindividual differences in colonic bacteria are associated with variability in the reduction of colonic prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentrations after personalized supplementation with ω-3 (n–3) fatty acids. Methods Forty-seven healthy adults (17 men, 30 women, ages 26–75 y) provided biopsy samples of colonic mucosa and luminal stool brushings before and after personalized ω-3 fatty acid supplementation that was based on blood fatty acid responses. Samples were analyzed using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. The data analyses focused on changes in bacterial community diversity. Linear regression was used to evaluate factors that predict a reduction in colonic PGE2. Results At baseline, increased bacterial diversity, as measured by the Shannon and Inverse Simpson indexes in both biopsy and luminal brushing samples, was positively correlated with dietary fiber intakes and negatively correlated with fat intakes. Dietary supplementation with ω-3 fatty acids increased the Yue and Clayton community dis-similarity index between the microbiome in luminal brushings and colon biopsy samples post-supplementation (P = 0.015). In addition, there was a small group of individuals with relatively high Prevotella abundance who were resistant to the anti-inflammatory effects of ω-3 fatty acid supplementation. In linear regression analyses, increases in diversity of the bacteria in the luminal brushing samples, but not in the biopsy samples, were significant predictors of lower colonic PGE2 concentrations post-supplementation in models that included baseline PGE2, baseline body mass index, and changes in colonic eicosapentaenoic acid–to–arachidonic acid ratios. The changes in bacterial diversity contributed to 6–8% of the interindividual variance in change in colonic PGE2 (P = 0.001). Conclusions Dietary supplementation with ω-3 fatty acids had little effect on intestinal bacteria in healthy humans; however, an increase in diversity in the luminal brushings significantly predicted reductions in colonic PGE2. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT 01860352.

Effects of exercise and n–3 fatty acids on postprandial lipemia

2000 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 2199-2204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom R. Thomas ◽  
Brian A. Fischer ◽  
William B. Kist ◽  
Kristen E. Horner ◽  
Richard H. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Postprandial Lipemia ◽  
Fatty Acid Supplementation ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
Parallel Experiment ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Fat Meal

Because n–3 fatty acid ingestion and aerobic exercise each has been associated with diminished postprandial lipemia (PPL), the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a combination of these two factors on PPL. Sedentary men underwent a standard dietary preparation, including a 12-h fast before each trial. Six subjects performed a control trial (fat meal, 100 g fat) and an n–3 fatty acid trial (fat meal after 3 wk of n–3 fatty acid supplementation at 4 g/day). In a parallel experiment, six different subjects underwent a control trial and n–3 fatty acid supplementation + 60 min of exercise before ingestion of the fat meal. Supplementation with n–3 fatty acid significantly decreased baseline triglyceride (TG) concentrations but did not significantly affect PPL. The combination of n–3 fatty acid and exercise had no effect on the postprandial TG response. The present study suggests that n–3 fatty acid supplementation lowers resting TG concentrations but inhibits the beneficial effect of aerobic exercise on the postprandial TG response.

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