scholarly journals The compositional and metabolic responses of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) to a gradient of dietary fish oil and associatedn-3 long-chain PUFA content

2017 ◽  
Vol 118 (12) ◽  
pp. 1010-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam J. S. Houston ◽  
Vasileios Karalazos ◽  
John Tinsley ◽  
Mónica B. Betancor ◽  
Samuel A. M. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Gilthead Seabream ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Tissue Fatty Acid ◽  
Chain Pufa ◽  
Fat Deposits ◽  
Long Chain

AbstractThe replacement of fish oil (FO) with vegetable oil (VO) in feed formulations reduces the availability ofn-3 long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) to marine fish such as gilthead seabream. The aim of this study was to examine compositional and physiological responses to a dietary gradient ofn-3 LC-PUFA. Six iso-energetic and iso-nitrogenous diets (D1–D6) were fed to seabream, with the added oil being a blend of FO and VO to achieve a dietary gradient ofn-3 LC-PUFA. Fish were sampled after 4 months feeding, to determine biochemical composition, tissue fatty acid concentrations and lipid metabolic gene expression. The results indicated a disturbance to lipid metabolism, with fat in the liver increased and fat deposits in the viscera reduced. Tissue fatty acid profiles were altered towards the fatty acid compositions of the diets. There was evidence of endogenous modification of dietary PUFA in the liver which correlated with the expression of fatty acid desaturase 2 (fads2). Expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (srebp1), fads2and fatty acid synthase increased in the liver, whereas PPARα1 pathways appeared to be supressed by dietary VO in a concentration-dependent manner. The effects in lipogenic genes appear to become measurable in D1–D3, which agrees with the weight gain data suggesting that disturbances to energy metabolism and lipogenesis may be related to performance differences. These findings suggested that suppression ofβ-oxidation and stimulation ofsrebp1-mediated lipogenesis may play a role in contributing toward steatosis in fish fedn-3 LC-PUFA deficient diets.

scholarly journals Microalgae Oil as an Effective Alternative Source of EPA and DHA for Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) Aquaculture

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 971
Author(s):  
Ester Santigosa ◽  
Fabio Brambilla ◽  
Luca Milanese
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Gilthead Seabream ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Microalgal Oil

Microalgal oils (AOs) emerged recently as an alternative to fish oil and to nutritionally poorer vegetable oils for fish species. In this trial, two experimental diets containing fish oil (negative control: 2.1%; positive control: 13.8%) and two diets incorporating AO at 3.5 and 0.7% were fed to grow out gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) of 64.5 g initial body weight. After 110 days of experimental feeding, performance (final body weight mean = 147 g) and survival (>99%) were similar across treatments. The highest eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content in positive control (PC) and 3.5 AO feeds (3.11 and 2.18% of diet, respectively) resulted in the highest EPA + DHA deposition in the fillets (18.40 and 12.36 g/100 g fatty acid, respectively), which entirely reflected the dietary fatty acid profile. Feed and fillets from fish fed the AO diets had lower levels of dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Moreover, sensory quality of AO fillets scored equally to the PC fish. Collectively, these findings offer a more resilient means for sustaining the future growth of seabream aquaculture, whilst maintaining the nutritional value of the resulting seafood. The data supports the addition of seabream to the list of aquaculture species where microalgal oil can be used as an ingredient to fulfil their challenging nutritional demands.

scholarly journals The Relationship between the Expression of Fatty Acyl Desaturase 2 (fads2) Gene in Peripheral Blood Cells (PBCs) and Liver in Gilthead Seabream, Sparus aurata Broodstock Fed a Low n-3 LC-PUFA Diet

Life ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shajahan Ferosekhan ◽  
Serhat Turkmen ◽  
Hanlin Xu ◽  
Juan Manuel Afonso ◽  
Maria Jesus Zamorano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Gilthead Seabream ◽  
Peripheral Blood Cells ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
The Relationship

The principle aim of this study is to elucidate the relationship between the fatty acid desaturase 2 gene (fads2) expression pattern in peripheral blood cells (PBCs) and liver of gilthead seabream (GSB), Sparus aurata broodstock in order to determine the possible use of fads2 expression as a potential biomarker for the selection of broodstock. This selection could be utilized for breeding programs aiming to improve reproduction, health, and nutritional status. Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT)-tagged GSB broodstock (Male-1.22 ± 0.20 kg; 44.8 ± 2 cm and female-2.36 ± 0.64 kg; 55.1 cm) were fed a diet containing low levels of fish meal and fish oil (EPA 2.5; DHA 1.7 and n-3 LC-PUFA 4.6% TFA) for one month. After the feeding period, fads2 expression in PBCs and liver of both male and female broodstock were highly significantly correlated (r = 0.89; p < 0.001). Additionally, in male broodstock, liver fads2 expression was significantly correlated (p < 0.05) to liver contents in 16:0 (r = 0.95; p = 0.04) and total saturates (r = 0.97; p = 0.03) as well as to 20:3n–6/20:2n–6 (r = 0.98; p = 0.02) a Fads2 product/precursor ratio. Overall, we found a positive and significant correlation between fads2 expression levels in the PBCs and liver of GSB broodstock. PBCs fads2 expression levels indicate a strong potential for utilization as a non-invasive method to select animals having increased fatty acid bioconversion capability, better able to deal with diets free of fish meal and fish oil.

scholarly journals Influence of Parental Fatty Acid Desaturase 2 (fads2) Expression and Diet on Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) Offspring fads2 Expression during Ontogenesis

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2191
Author(s):  
Hanlin Xu ◽  
Shajahan Ferosekhan ◽  
Serhat Turkmen ◽  
Juan Manuel Afonso ◽  
María Jesús Zamorano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Gilthead Sea Bream ◽  
Sea Bream ◽  
Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Nutritional Programming ◽  
Heart Beating ◽  
Long Chain

Previous studies have shown that it is possible to increase the ability of marine fish to produce long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid from their 18C precursors by nutritional programming or using broodstock with a higher fatty acyl desaturase 2 (fads2) expression. However, those studies failed to show the effect of these interventions on the expression of the fads2 gene in the developing egg. Moreover, there were no studies on the temporal expression of the fads2 during ontogeny in the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). In order to determine the changes in expression of fads2 during ontogeny, gilthead sea bream broodstock with a high (HRO) or low (LRO) fads2 expression fed a diet previously used for nutritional programming, or a fish oil-based diet (LFO) were allowed to spawn. The samples were taken at the stages of spawning, morula, high blastula, gastrula, neurula, heart beating, hatch and 3 day-old first exogenous feeding larvae to determine fads2 expression throughout embryonic development. The results showed the presence of fads2 mRNA in the just spawned egg, denoting the maternal mRNA transfer to the developing oocyte. Later, fads2 expression increased after the neurula, from heart beating until 3-day-old larvae, denoting the transition from maternal to embryonic gene expression. In addition, the eggs obtained from broodstock with high fads2 expression showed a high docosahexaenoic acid content, which correlated with the downregulation of the fads2 expression found in the developing embryo and larvae. Finally, feeding with the nutritional programming diet with the partial replacement of fish oil by rapeseed oil did not affect the long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) contents nor fads2 expression in the gilthead sea bream developing eggs.

Does polymorphisms in PPAR and APOE genes modify associations between fatty acid desaturase (FADS), n-3 long-chain PUFA and cardiometabolic markers in 8–11-year-old Danish children?

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Camilla T. Damsgaard ◽  
Stine Vuholm ◽  
Marie N. Teisen ◽  
Ken D. Stark ◽  
Lotte Lauritzen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Chain Pufa ◽  
Major Allele ◽  
Cardiometabolic Markers ◽  
Cardiometabolic Profile ◽  
Long Chain

Abstract n-3 Long-chain PUFA (LCPUFA) can improve cardiometabolic blood markers, but studies in children are limited. SNP in the FADS genes, which encode fatty acid desaturases, influence endogenous LCPUFA production. Moreover, SNP in genes that encode PPAR and apoE may modulate the effects of n-3 LCPUFA. We explored whether FADS polymorphisms were associated with blood cholesterol and TAG, insulin and glucose and whether polymorphisms in PPAR and APOE modified associations between FADS or n-3 LCPUFA status and the cardiometabolic blood markers. We measured fasting cholesterol and TAG, insulin, glucose and n-3 LCPUFA in 757 Danish 8–11-year-old children and genotyped SNP in FADS (rs1535 and rs174448), PPARG2 (rs1801282), PPARA (rs1800206) and APOE (rs7412+rs429358). Carriage of two FADS rs174448 major alleles was associated with lower TAG (P = 0·027) and higher HDL-cholesterol (P = 0·047). Blood n-3 LCPUFA was inversely associated with TAG and insulin in PPARG2 minor allele carriers and positively with LDL-cholesterol in major allele homozygotes (Pn-3 LCPUFA × rs180182 < 0·01). Associations between n-3 LCPUFA and cardiometabolic markers were not modified by APOE genotype (Pn-3 LCPUFA × APOE > 0·11), but interaction between FADS rs1535 and APOE showed that rs1535 major allele homozygotes who also carried APOE2 had higher HDL-cholesterol than all other genotype combinations (Prs1535 × APOE = 0·019, pairwise-P < 0·05). This indicates that FADS genotypes, which increase endogenous LCPUFA production, may beneficially affect children’s cardiometabolic profile in a partly APOE-dependent manner. Also, the degree to which children benefit from higher n-3 LCPUFA intake may depend on their PPARG2 genotype.

The effects of fish oil supplementation on rumen metabolism and the biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids in beef steers given diets containing sunflower oil

2005 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. F. Lee ◽  
J. K. S. Tweed ◽  
A. P. Moloney ◽  
N. D. Scollan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Chain Pufa ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Long Chain

AbstractDuodenally and ruminally fistulated steers were offered grass silage and one of three concentrates at a ratio of 60: 40 (forage: concentrate on a dry-matter basis) : F0, F1 or F4 at 14 g/kg live weight. The concentrates were designed to be iso-lipid and to provide the same amount of sunflower oil but increasing amounts of fish oil : 0, 1 and 4 g per 100 g, respectively. Ruminal characteristics were measured along with fatty acid intakes and duodenal flows to determine the effect of fish oil on : ruminal pH, ammonia-N concentration, volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism. Fish oil had no significant effect on ruminal pH, ammonia-N concentration or the molar proportions of the major VFA, although total VFA concentration was significantly reduced at the highest level of fish oil inclusion. Fish oil significantly increased the flow of long chain PUFA, total conjugated linoleic acid and vaccenic acid to the duodenum and decreased the flow of stearic acid. Biohydrogenation, as determined by the net loss of fatty acid between the mouth and duodenum, of oleic and linolenic acid was not affected by fish oil inclusion and averaged 0·64 and 0·92, respectively. There was a small increase in the biohydrogenation of linoleic acid with increasing fish oil from 0·89 to 0·92 (P< 0·01) on F0 and F4, respectively. Biohydrogenation of the long chain PUFA C20 : 5(n-3) and C22 : 6(n-3) increased from 0·49 and 0·74 to 0·79 and 0·86 (P< 0·01), respectively when fish oil in the concentrate increased from 1 to 4 g per 100 g. The net effect of fish oil on lipid metabolism appears to inhibit the transition of vaccenic acid to stearic acid in the rumen resulting in a build up of this intermediate in the biohydrogenation pathway of C18 PUFA.

Rumen biohydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and their effect on microbial efficiency in sheep

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 36-36
Author(s):  
A.M. Wachira ◽  
L.A Sinclair ◽  
R.G. Wilkinson ◽  
K. Hallett ◽  
M. Enser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Pufa Content ◽  
Dietary Pufa ◽  
Chain Pufa ◽  
Microbial Efficiency ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Long Chain

Increasing the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content of ruminant products may be important in reducing the incidence of cardiovascular diseases in man. However, there is some evidence to suggest that dietary PUFA are extensively biohydrogenated in the rumen (Choi et al., 1997) whilst other results indicate that long chain PUFA present in fish oil are resistant to biohydrogenation (Ashes et al, 1992). The objective of the present study was to quantify the extent to which n-3 PUFA from different sources are biohydrogenated in the rumen and determine their effects on rumen microbial efficiency.

Rumen biohydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and their effect on microbial efficiency in sheep

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 36-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Wachira ◽  
L.A Sinclair ◽  
R.G. Wilkinson ◽  
K. Hallett ◽  
M. Enser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Pufa Content ◽  
Dietary Pufa ◽  
Chain Pufa ◽  
Microbial Efficiency ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Long Chain

Increasing the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content of ruminant products may be important in reducing the incidence of cardiovascular diseases in man. However, there is some evidence to suggest that dietary PUFA are extensively biohydrogenated in the rumen (Choi et al., 1997) whilst other results indicate that long chain PUFA present in fish oil are resistant to biohydrogenation (Ashes et al, 1992). The objective of the present study was to quantify the extent to which n-3 PUFA from different sources are biohydrogenated in the rumen and determine their effects on rumen microbial efficiency.

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