Microalgae Oil as an Effective Alternative Source of EPA and DHA for Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) Aquaculture

Microalgal oils (AOs) emerged recently as an alternative to fish oil and to nutritionally poorer vegetable oils for fish species. In this trial, two experimental diets containing fish oil (negative control: 2.1%; positive control: 13.8%) and two diets incorporating AO at 3.5 and 0.7% were fed to grow out gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) of 64.5 g initial body weight. After 110 days of experimental feeding, performance (final body weight mean = 147 g) and survival (>99%) were similar across treatments. The highest eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content in positive control (PC) and 3.5 AO feeds (3.11 and 2.18% of diet, respectively) resulted in the highest EPA + DHA deposition in the fillets (18.40 and 12.36 g/100 g fatty acid, respectively), which entirely reflected the dietary fatty acid profile. Feed and fillets from fish fed the AO diets had lower levels of dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Moreover, sensory quality of AO fillets scored equally to the PC fish. Collectively, these findings offer a more resilient means for sustaining the future growth of seabream aquaculture, whilst maintaining the nutritional value of the resulting seafood. The data supports the addition of seabream to the list of aquaculture species where microalgal oil can be used as an ingredient to fulfil their challenging nutritional demands.

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The Relationship between the Expression of Fatty Acyl Desaturase 2 (fads2) Gene in Peripheral Blood Cells (PBCs) and Liver in Gilthead Seabream, Sparus aurata Broodstock Fed a Low n-3 LC-PUFA Diet

Life ◽

10.3390/life10070117 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 117 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Shajahan Ferosekhan ◽

Serhat Turkmen ◽

Hanlin Xu ◽

Juan Manuel Afonso ◽

Maria Jesus Zamorano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Fish Meal ◽

Sparus Aurata ◽

Gilthead Seabream ◽

Peripheral Blood Cells ◽

Expression Levels ◽

The Relationship

The principle aim of this study is to elucidate the relationship between the fatty acid desaturase 2 gene (fads2) expression pattern in peripheral blood cells (PBCs) and liver of gilthead seabream (GSB), Sparus aurata broodstock in order to determine the possible use of fads2 expression as a potential biomarker for the selection of broodstock. This selection could be utilized for breeding programs aiming to improve reproduction, health, and nutritional status. Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT)-tagged GSB broodstock (Male-1.22 ± 0.20 kg; 44.8 ± 2 cm and female-2.36 ± 0.64 kg; 55.1 cm) were fed a diet containing low levels of fish meal and fish oil (EPA 2.5; DHA 1.7 and n-3 LC-PUFA 4.6% TFA) for one month. After the feeding period, fads2 expression in PBCs and liver of both male and female broodstock were highly significantly correlated (r = 0.89; p < 0.001). Additionally, in male broodstock, liver fads2 expression was significantly correlated (p < 0.05) to liver contents in 16:0 (r = 0.95; p = 0.04) and total saturates (r = 0.97; p = 0.03) as well as to 20:3n–6/20:2n–6 (r = 0.98; p = 0.02) a Fads2 product/precursor ratio. Overall, we found a positive and significant correlation between fads2 expression levels in the PBCs and liver of GSB broodstock. PBCs fads2 expression levels indicate a strong potential for utilization as a non-invasive method to select animals having increased fatty acid bioconversion capability, better able to deal with diets free of fish meal and fish oil.

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Effect of dietary supplementation of ginger on feed conversion ratio, carcass physiognomies and haematological parameters in broiler

Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries ◽

10.3329/ralf.v4i3.35094 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 173-179

Author(s):

Md Sadik Al Mahdy ◽

Md Faridul Islam ◽

Md Nakibul Hasan ◽

Ashadul Habib ◽

Mahmudul Hasan Sikder

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Ginger Extract ◽

Final Body Weight

This study evaluated the effect of ginger on the growth performance, carcass quality of broiler chickens. A total of 40 broiler chickens were randomly selected into four groups identified as A (1% ginger extract), B (2% ginger extract), C (positive control) and D (negative control). All groups contain equal number of birds (n=10.) Birds were treated with aqueous ginger extract via drinking water. Significant variations (p<0.05) existed between the control and other treatments in mean final body weight, dressed weight, daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio. At the end of experiment (35th day) for 1% ginger extraction treatment the live body weight is 1745gm (p<0.05), dressing weight 1135.3 (p<0.05) and FCR is 1.66 (p<0.05). The usage of the test ingredients had a significant effect (p<0.05) on dressing percentage. Administration of ginger to broiler chickens increased their performance, FCR as well as blood parameters. It is, thus, recommended in broiler chicken production alternative to antibiotic and/or growth promoter.Res. Agric. Livest. Fish.4(3): 173-179, December 2017

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Effect of dietary supplementation of ginger extract on growth, carcass characteristics and haematological parameters in broilers

Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research ◽

10.3329/ajmbr.v3i2.33571 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 211-215 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sudipta Talukder ◽

Md Mehedi Hasan ◽

Zakaria Al Noman ◽

Yousuf Ali Sarker ◽

Torun Kumar Paul ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Growth Promoter ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Ginger Extract ◽

Final Body Weight

This study evaluated the effect of ginger on the growth performance, carcass quality of broiler chickens. 20 broiler chickens were randomly selected into two treatment groups identified as T1 and T2 with a positive control and a negative control group. Each treatment contained with five birds. Birds on T1 were treated with 1% ginger extract and T2 was treated with 2% ginger extract via drinking water. Significant variations (p<0.05) existed between the control and other treatments in mean final body weight, dressed weight, daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio. At the end of experiment (35th day) for 1% ginger extraction treatment the live body weight is 1746gm (p<0.05), dressing weight 1106.4 (p<0.05) and FCR is 1.67(p<0.05). The usage of the test ingredients had a significant effect (p<0.05) on dressing percentage. Supplementation of ginger improves the performance of broilers when added at the rate of 1% of broiler ration and can be a possible alternative to antibiotic growth promoter in the feeding of broiler chicken.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2017, 3(2): 211-215

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The compositional and metabolic responses of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) to a gradient of dietary fish oil and associatedn-3 long-chain PUFA content

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114517002975 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 118 (12) ◽

pp. 1010-1022 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Sam J. S. Houston ◽

Vasileios Karalazos ◽

John Tinsley ◽

Mónica B. Betancor ◽

Samuel A. M. Martin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Fatty Acid Synthase ◽

Sparus Aurata ◽

Gilthead Seabream ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Tissue Fatty Acid ◽

Chain Pufa ◽

Fat Deposits ◽

Long Chain

AbstractThe replacement of fish oil (FO) with vegetable oil (VO) in feed formulations reduces the availability ofn-3 long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) to marine fish such as gilthead seabream. The aim of this study was to examine compositional and physiological responses to a dietary gradient ofn-3 LC-PUFA. Six iso-energetic and iso-nitrogenous diets (D1–D6) were fed to seabream, with the added oil being a blend of FO and VO to achieve a dietary gradient ofn-3 LC-PUFA. Fish were sampled after 4 months feeding, to determine biochemical composition, tissue fatty acid concentrations and lipid metabolic gene expression. The results indicated a disturbance to lipid metabolism, with fat in the liver increased and fat deposits in the viscera reduced. Tissue fatty acid profiles were altered towards the fatty acid compositions of the diets. There was evidence of endogenous modification of dietary PUFA in the liver which correlated with the expression of fatty acid desaturase 2 (fads2). Expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (srebp1), fads2and fatty acid synthase increased in the liver, whereas PPARα1 pathways appeared to be supressed by dietary VO in a concentration-dependent manner. The effects in lipogenic genes appear to become measurable in D1–D3, which agrees with the weight gain data suggesting that disturbances to energy metabolism and lipogenesis may be related to performance differences. These findings suggested that suppression ofβ-oxidation and stimulation ofsrebp1-mediated lipogenesis may play a role in contributing toward steatosis in fish fedn-3 LC-PUFA deficient diets.

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Alterations in fillet fatty acid profile and flesh quality in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) fed vegetable oils for a long term period. Recovery of fatty acid profiles by fish oil feeding

Aquaculture ◽

10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.12.001 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 250 (1-2) ◽

pp. 431-444 ◽

Cited By ~ 266

Author(s):

M.S. Izquierdo ◽

D. Montero ◽

L. Robaina ◽

M.J. Caballero ◽

G. Rosenlund ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Vegetable Oils ◽

Sparus Aurata ◽

Gilthead Seabream ◽

Fatty Acid Profiles ◽

Flesh Quality

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Fish oil replacement with different vegetable oils in gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata diets: Effects on fatty acid metabolism based on whole-body fatty acid balance method and genes expression

Aquaculture ◽

10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735609 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 529 ◽

pp. 735609

Author(s):

Samuel Ofori-Mensah ◽

Mustafa Yıldız ◽

Murat Arslan ◽

Vahap Eldem

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Vegetable Oils ◽

Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽

Acid Metabolism ◽

Sparus Aurata ◽

Whole Body ◽

Gilthead Seabream ◽

Fish Oil Replacement ◽

Genes Expression

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Genetic parameters for Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida resistance, immunological markers and body weight in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)

Aquaculture ◽

10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.736892 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 736892

Author(s):

Antonio Vallecillos ◽

Rubén Perez ◽

Elena Chaves-Pozo ◽

Marta Arizcun ◽

Juan M. Afonso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Genetic Parameters ◽

Sparus Aurata ◽

Gilthead Seabream ◽

Immunological Markers ◽

Photobacterium Damselae

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Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Indices, Duodenal Histomorphology, and Cecal Microbiota of Broiler Chickens Fed on Diets Supplemented with Cinnamon Bark Powder at Prestarter and Starter Phases

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11010094 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 94

Author(s):

Mohammed M. Qaid ◽

Saud I. Al-Mufarrej ◽

Mahmoud M. Azzam ◽

Maged A. Al-Garadi ◽

Hani H. Albaadani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Serum Globulin ◽

Maximum Improvement

Ross 308 broiler chicks (n = 240) aged 1 day were assigned to five groups for eight replicates (six chicks for each) (3♂ and 3♀). Basal dietary groups were supplemented by 2000, 4000, and 6000 mg/kg cinnamon (CN) for 21 days. Basal diet alone was used as a negative control, and basal antibiotic diet (Colimox) was used as a positive control. At 10, 14, and 21 days of age, chicks that received 2000 mg CN and Colimox had a higher body weight, resulting in an increase in body weight gain. CN also resulted in the maximum improvement in the feed conversion ratio and feed efficiency over 1–21 days at the level of 2000 mg/kg. At days 10, the maximum relative breast weight was 2000 mg/kg of CN. Mean serum albumin concentrations, duodenal villus height, and goblet cell density increased (p < 0.05) by 2000 mg/kg of CN, and mean serum globulin and total protein concentrations and crypt depth increased (p < 0.05) by 6000 mg/kg of CN compared with control. Increased cecal Escherichia coli number was CN dose-dependent. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of 2000 mg/kg CN can be applied as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics for broiler starter diet.

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