A low-carbohydrate dietary pattern characterised by high animal fat and protein during the first trimester is associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in Chinese women: A prospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Hongli Dong ◽  
Hong Sun ◽  
Congjie Cai ◽  
Xinxin Pang ◽  
Dan Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
High Animal ◽  
Animal Fat ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

Abstract We aimed to examine the association between low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) scores during the first trimester and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk in a Chinese population. A total of 1455 women were included in 2017. Dietary information during the first trimester was collected by 24-hour dietary recalls for 3 days. The overall, animal and plant LCD scores, which indicated adherence to different low-carbohydrate dietary patterns, were calculated. GDM was diagnosed based on the results of a 75-g, 2-h oral glucose tolerance test at 24-28 weeks gestation. Log-binomial models were used to estimate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The results showed that the multivariable-adjusted RRs (95% CIs) of GDM from the lowest to the highest quartiles of the overall LCD score were 1.00 (reference), 1.15 (0.92, 1.42), 1.30 (1.06, 1.60), and 1.24 (1.01, 1.52) (P=0.026 for trend). Multivariable-adjusted RRs (95% CIs) of GDM from the lowest to the highest quartiles of the animal LCD score were 1.00 (reference), 1.20 (0.96, 1.50), 1.41 (1.14, 1.73), and 1.29 (1.04, 1.59) (P=0.002 for trend). After additional adjustment for gestational weight gain before GDM diagnosis, the association of the overall LCD score with GDM risk was non-significant, while the association of animal LCD score with GDM risk remained significant. There was no statistically significant association between the plant LCD score and the risk of GDM. In conclusion, a low-carbohydrate dietary pattern characterised by high animal fat and protein during the first trimester is associated with an increased risk of GDM in Chinese women.

scholarly journals Maternal Dietary Patterns and Gestational Diabetes Risk: A Case-Control Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Sedaghat ◽  
Mahdieh Akhoondan ◽  
Mehdi Ehteshami ◽  
Vahideh Aghamohammadi ◽  
Nila Ghanei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Western Dietary Pattern ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Before And After

Background. Maternal dietary patterns play an important role in the progress of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The aim of the present study was to explore this association.Method. A total of 388 pregnant women (122 case and 266 control) were included. Dietary intake were collected using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). GDM was diagnosed using a 100-gram, 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test. Dietary pattern was identified by factor analysis. To investigate the relation between each of the independent variables with gestational diabetes, the odds ratio (OR) was calculated.Results. Western dietary pattern was high in sweets, jams, mayonnaise, soft drinks, salty snacks, solid fat, high-fat dairy products, potatoes, organ meat, eggs, red meat, processed foods, tea, and coffee. The prudent dietary pattern was characterized by higher intake of liquid oils, legumes, nuts and seeds, fruits and dried fruits, fish and poultry whole, and refined grains. Western dietary pattern was associated with increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus before and after adjustment for confounders (OR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.27–3.04, OR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.04–2.27). However, no significant association was found for a prudent pattern.Conclusion. These findings suggest that the Western dietary pattern was associated with an increased risk of GDM.

scholarly journals Early prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus in the Chinese population via advanced machine learning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Ting Wu ◽  
Chen-Jie Zhang ◽  
Ben Willem Mol ◽  
Andrew Kawai ◽  
Cheng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Feature Selection Method ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Record System ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Context Accurate methods for early gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (during the first trimester of pregnancy) prediction in Chinese and other populations are lacking. Objectives Establishing effective models to predict early GDM. Setting Pregnancy data for 73 variables during the first trimester were extracted from the electronic medical record system. Main measures Based on a machine learning (ML) driven feature selection method, 17 variables were selected for early GDM prediction. In order to facilitate clinical application, 7 variables were selected from the 17-variable panel. Advanced ML approaches were then employed using the 7-variable dataset and the 73-variable dataset to build models predicting early GDM for different situations respectively. Results 16,819 and 14,992 cases were included in the training and testing sets, respectively. Using 73 variables, the deep neural network model achieved high discriminative power, with area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.80. The 7-variable logistic regression (LR) model also achieved effective discriminate power (AUC = 0.77). Low BMI (≤ 17) was related to an increased risk of GDM, compared to a BMI in the range of 17 to 18 (minimum risk interval) (11.8% vs 8.7%, P = 0.0935). TT3 and TT4 were superior to FT3 and FT4 in predicting GDM. Lipoprotein (a) was demonstrated a promising predictive value (AUC = 0.66). Conclusions We employed ML models that achieved high accuracy in predicting GDM in early pregnancy. A clinically cost-effective 7-variable LR model was simultaneously developed. The relationship of GDM with thyroxine and BMI was investigated in the Chinese population.

scholarly journals Associations of dietary habits, physical activity and cognitive views with gestational diabetes mellitus among Chinese women

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 1850-1857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Li ◽  
Ribo Xiong ◽  
Liang Wang ◽  
Junying Cui ◽  
Linna Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Morning Sickness ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between dietary habits, physical activity and cognitive views and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Chinese women.DesignA cross-sectional study to explore the potential risk factors of GMD through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, an FFQ and a self-designed structured questionnaire, respectively.SettingGuangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.SubjectsChinese pregnant women (n 571) who underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test at their 24th to 28th gestational week.ResultsThirteen per cent of the investigated women were identified as having GDM, and an increased intake of local featured foods and lower physical activity were observed in the GDM-positive group v. the GDM-negative group. Women who regarded early-pregnancy morning sickness as relevant to fetal abnormalities and those with unlimited dietary intake after the ending of morning sickness both had an increased risk for GDM (P = 0·018 and P = 0·038, respectively). After multiple logistic regression analysis, cognitive views for unlimited food intake subsequent to morning sickness, increased consumption of energy-dense snack foods and high-glycaemic-index fruits were strongly associated with the risk of GDM (OR = 1·911, P = 0·032; OR = 1·050, P = 0·001; and OR = 1·002, P = 0·017, respectively).ConclusionsLocal featured foods and incorrect cognitive views on pregnancy-related health were closely related to the risk of GDM in Chinese women. Intensive health education about pregnancy physiology and reasonable dietary and physical exercise behaviours should be strengthened for the control of GDM.

scholarly journals First Trimester Metabolites Predict Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Diagnosis: A Case: Control Study (FS03-04-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Ramos ◽  
Anna Lamb ◽  
Noemi Alarcon ◽  
Adilene Quintana-Diaz ◽  
Rob Fanter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Blood Draw ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Objectives Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) has an overall prevalence estimated as high as 13% of overweight/obese (OW/OB) pregnant women. Since the occurrence of GDM can have a combination of adverse perinatal outcomes and long-term increased risk of health issues in the future for both the mother and child, it is important that the mechanisms involved in this disease are better understood so that better prevention strategies can be devised. We sought to identify early and late pregnancy metabolites that discriminated women who developed vs. did not develop GDM to provide insight into its etiology and help improve treatments. Methods Participants were 26 OW/OB women enrolled in the Healthy Beginnings Trial and completed blood draws at 13 weeks, 26 weeks, and 35 weeks gestation. Participants from the control and dietary intervention group who developed GDM (N = 12) were matched on age and study entry BMI with those who did not develop GDM (N = 14). Plasma samples were analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-hybrid triple‐quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTRAP) using two targeted metabolomics assays for primary metabolomics and aminomics. Results A total of 142 metabolites were identified. Most metabolite differences were observed during the first trimester blood draw, prior to GDM diagnosis. At first trimester, metabolites related to energy metabolism that were altered included lower levels of alpha-ketoglutarate and glycerol-3-phosphate, as well as the medium-chain acylcarnitines’ lauroyl-carnitine, dodecenoyl-carnitine, and octanoyl-carnitine (P < 0.05). Interestingly, the neurotransmitters serotonin and glutamate were elevated in subjects who later developed GDM (P < 0.01). In regards to the observed elevated creatine, the lower concentrations of methionine and glycine may suggest utilization of these amino acids for its production (P < 0.03). Lastly, the gut microbiota-derived indole-3-propionate was higher in GDM cases (P < 0.05). In the third trimester of the GDM group, only levels of 4-pyridoxate (vitamin B-6) were lowered (P < 0.05). Conclusions Metabolic changes associated with the numerous plasma metabolites that were different between GDM case-control subjects during first trimester may predict the development of this condition. Funding Sources NIH, ARI.

scholarly journals Characteristics of the gut microbiome in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review

PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0262618
Author(s):  
Louise Søndergaard Rold ◽  
Caspar Bundgaard-Nielsen ◽  
Julie Niemann Holm-Jacobsen ◽  
Per Glud Ovesen ◽  
Peter Leutscher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Multiple Time Points ◽  
Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis

Background The incidence of women developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasing, which is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) for both mother and child. Gut microbiota dysbiosis may contribute to the pathogenesis of both GDM and the accompanying risk of T2DM. Thus, a better understanding of the microbial communities associated with GDM could offer a potential target for intervention and treatment in the future. Therefore, we performed a systematic review to investigate if the GDM women have a distinct gut microbiota composition compared to non-GDM women. Methods We identified 21 studies in a systematic literature search of Embase and PubMed up to February 24, 2021. Data on demographics, methodology and identified microbial metrics were extracted. The quality of each study was assessed according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results Sixteen of the studies did find a GDM-associated gut microbiota, although no consistency could be seen. Only Collinsella and Blautia showed a tendency to be increased in GDM women, whereas the remaining genera were significantly different in opposing directions. Conclusion Although most of the studies found an association between GDM and gut microbiota dysbiosis, no overall GDM-specific gut microbiota could be identified. All studies in the second trimester found a difference between GDM and non-GDM women, indicating that dysbiosis is present at the time of diagnosis. Nevertheless, it is still unclear when the dysbiosis develops, as no consensus could be seen between the studies investigating the gut microbiota in the first trimester of pregnancy. However, studies varied widely concerning methodology and study design, which might explain the highly heterogeneous gut microbiota compositions between studies. Therefore, future studies need to include multiple time points and consider possible confounding factors such as ethnicity, pre-pregnancy body mass index, and GDM treatment.

scholarly journals The association of first trimester high blood pressure and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
P. V. Popova ◽  
A. S. Gerasimov ◽  
E. N. Kravchuk ◽  
E. S. Shelepova ◽  
E. M. Ryazantseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Elevated Blood Pressure ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy

Objective. To determine the relationship between blood pressure measured during the first trimester of pregnancy and the risk of the development of gestational diabetes mellitus. Design and methods. A total of 209 pregnant women were screened for gestational diabetes mellitus between weeks 24 and 28 of gestation, as defined by WHO criteria. Blood pressure, weight and waist circumference data were obtained by review of the medical records. Results. An elevated blood pressure at first trimester of pregnancy was associated with a six-fold increase in the risk of the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (OR = 5.8, 95 % CI 1.9-17.5, p = 0.001) compared with non-hypertensive women. Arterial hypertension (including controlled forms) in the first trimester of pregnancy was followed by a three-fold (OR = 3.04, 95 % CI 1.5-6.3) increase in the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus compared with non-hypertensive women (p = 0.005). Conclusion. Obtained data indicate that women with elevated blood pressure in the first trimester of pregnancy have an increased risk of the development of gestational diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Polymorphisms of TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 in Chinese Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinglei Xu ◽  
Chunlian Wei ◽  
Cuijiao Wu ◽  
Mengmeng Han ◽  
Jingli Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Allelic Discrimination ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Tgf Β1

Abstract Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a pregnancy-specific carbohydrate intolerance Which can cause a large number of perinatal and postpartum complications. The members of Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily play key roles in the homeostasis of pancreatic β-cell and may involve in the development of GDM. This study aimed to explore the association between the polymorphisms of TGF-β1 , TGF-β3 and the risk to GDM in Chinese women.Methods: This study included 919 GDM patients(464 with preeclampsia and 455 without preeclampsia) and 1177 healthy pregnant women. TaqMan allelic discrimination real-Time PCR was used to genotyped the TGF-β1 (rs4803455) and TGF-β3 (rs2284792 and rs3917201) were by, The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) was evaluated by chi-square test.Results: An increased frequency of TGF-β3 rs2284792 AA and AG genotype carriers was founded in GDM patients (AA vs. AG+GG: χ²=6.314, P=0.012, OR=1.270, 95%CI 1.054-1.530; AG vs. GG+AA: χ²=8.545, P=0.003, OR=0.773, 95%CI 0.650-0.919). But there were no significant differences in the distribution of TGF-β1 rs4803455 and TGF-β3 rs3917201 between GDM and healthy women. And no significant differences were found in allele and genotype frequencies among GDM patients with preeclampsia (PE). Conclusions: The AA and AG genotype of TGF-β3 rs2284792 polymorphism may be significantly associated with increased risk of GDM in Chinese population.

scholarly journals Vitamin D status and association with gestational diabetes mellitus in a pregnant cohort in Iceland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin S. Magnusdottir ◽  
Ellen A. Tryggvadottir ◽  
Ola K. Magnusdottir ◽  
Laufey Hrolfsdottir ◽  
Thorhallur I. Halldorsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
25Ohd Concentration

Background: Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), one of the most common pregnancy complications. The vitamin D status has never previously been studied in pregnant women in Iceland. Objective: The aim of this research study was to evaluate the vitamin D status of an Icelandic cohort of pregnant women and the association between the vitamin D status and the GDM incidence. Design: Subjects included pregnant women (n = 938) who attended their first ultrasound appointment, during gestational weeks 11–14, between October 2017 and March 2018. The use of supplements containing vitamin D over the previous 3 months, height, pre-pregnancy weight, and social status were assessed using a questionnaire, and blood samples were drawn for analyzing the serum 25‑hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentration. Information regarding the incidence of GDM later in pregnancy was collected from medical records. Results: The mean ± standard deviation of the serum 25OHD (S-25OHD) concentration in this cohort was 63±24 nmol/L. The proportion of women with an S-25OHD concentration of ≥ 50 nmol/L (which is considered adequate) was 70%, whereas 25% had concentrations between 30 and 49.9 nmol/L (insufficient) and 5% had concentrations < 30 nmol/L (deficient). The majority of women (n = 766, 82%) used supplements containing vitamin D on a daily basis. A gradual decrease in the proportion of women diagnosed with GDM was reported with increasing S-25OHD concentrations, going from 17.8% in the group with S-25OHD concentrations < 30 nmol/L to 12.8% in the group with S-25OHD concentrations ≥75 nmol/L; however, the association was not significant (P for trend = 0.11). Conclusion: Approximately one-third of this cohort had S-25OHD concentrations below adequate levels (< 50 nmol/L) during the first trimester of pregnancy, which may suggest that necessary action must be taken to increase their vitamin D levels. No clear association was observed between the vitamin D status and GDM in this study.

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